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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思高三英语二轮复习语法专题动词的时态及语态一语法概念巧把握:(一)概 念英语十六种主动态的名称、用法及谓语一览表1、一般 现在 时do 2、一般 过去 时did does was am, is, arewere1)现在惯性的动作或存在的状态;1)过去习惯性的的动作或存在的状态;2)客观事实 ,真理或格言;2)用于“were-型” 和“if-型” 虚拟语气中;3)表示现在将来时; (只用于时状或条状从句中)3)表示过去将来时; (只用于时状或条状从句中)3、现在 进行时am doing 4、过去 进行时was
2、doing iswere are 1)在现在某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动1)在过去的某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行作;的动作;2)按方案支配在现在的将来发生的动作;has 2)按方案支配在过去的将来发生的动作;5、现在 完成时done 6、过去 完成时had done have 1)动作发生在过去,对目前有影响1)过去有两个动作,其中,一个动作发生时,另(注:瞬时性动词的已完成用法)一个动作已经完成;2)动作发生在过去,始终连续到现在,对目前有(注:过去的过去,用过去完成时)影响;(注:连续性动词的已完成或未完成用法)has 7、现在 完成进行时havebeen 8、过去 完成进行时had
3、been doing doing 1)动作发生在过去,始终连续到现在,1)过去有两个动作;其中,一个动作发生并很可能连续连续下去;时,另一个动作已经完成,但该动作很可能连续连续下去;9、现在 将来时shall do 10、过去 将来时should do will would 1)在现在的将来发生的动作;(注:含现在将来的意愿、预见或意图)1)在过去的将来发生的动作;(注:含过去将来的意愿、预见或意图)11、 现在 将来进行时shall be 12、过去 将来进行时should be willdoing woulddoing 1)在现在的将来某一时刻或某段时间里正 在进行的动作; (含两种用法)
4、1)在过去的将来某一时刻或某段时间里正 在进行的动作; (含两种用法)13、 现在 将来完成时shall have 14、过去 将来完成时should have willdone woulddone 1)在现在的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作;1)在过去的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思15、 现在 将来完成进行时shallhave 16、过去 将来完成进行时shouldhave willbeen wouldbeen doing doing 1)在现在
5、的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作,但该动作很可能连续连续下去;1)在过去的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作,但该 动作很可能连续连续下去;英语十种被动语态的名称、用法及谓语一览表1、一般 现在 时am done 2、一般 过去 时was done is were are 1)现在惯性的动作或存在的状态;1)过去习惯性的的动作或存在的状态;2)客观事实 ,真理或格言;2)用于“were-型” 和“if-型” 虚拟语气中;3)表示现在将来时; (只用于时状或条状从句中)3)表示过去将来时; (只用于时状或条状从句中)3、现在 进行时am being done 4、过去 进行时was being done i
6、swere are 1)在现在某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动1)在过去的某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行作;的动作;2)按方案支配在现在的将来发生的动作;has 2)按方案支配在过去的将来发生的动作;5、现在 完成时been done 6、过去 完成时had been done have 1)动作发生在过去,对目前有影响1)过去有两个动作,其中,一个动作发生时,(注:瞬时性动词的已完成用法)另一个动作已经完成;2)动作发生在过去,始终连续到现在,对(注:过去的过去,用过去完成时)目前有影响; (注:连续性动词的已完成或未完成 用法)7、现在 将来时shall be done 8、过去 将来时sh
7、ould be done will would 1)在现在的将来发生的动作;(注:含现在将来的意愿、预见或意图)1)在过去的将来发生的动作;(注:含过去将来的意愿、预见或意图)9、现在 将来完成时shall have been 10、过去 将来完成时should have been willdone woulddone 1)在现在的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作;1)在过去的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作;特殊说明: 1、主动语态和被动语态的用法完全相同;2、被动语态的十种谓语中均含有:be done;3、主动语态和被动语态的名称完全相同,而且均有相对应的关系;比如:现在与过去;二解题方法敏捷用解题方
8、法或策略:1 动词的时态及语态之考点聚焦名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在 15 个单项选择中,考查动词时态的题一般不少于 2 道,动词的时态常和语态、主谓一样结合在一起进行考查;然而,英语时态多达16 种,常用的也有8 种之多 ,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式敏捷多样 ,多表达在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题, 这样无形第 2 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思中增加了试题的难度;其实,纵观近几年的时态语态题,我们不难发觉其命题的三个角度:一是直接给定 时间状语,
9、考生可直接依据所给时间状语作出选择;二是给定时间状语,但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰 性和困惑性,考生不能直接依据时间状语进行选择;三是题干中不供应任何时间状语,而给出一个上下文 情形或一个结构较为复杂的句子,考生必需认真分析语境,才能作出判定并选择正确答案;2 真题再现与技巧点播答题时,研读题干,搜寻出尽可能多的时间参考信息,如:havent said, was doing 等,这些表达中都含有时间信息,发觉和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键;解决时态和语态问题,要遵循如下解题思路: 这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些? 这个动作处于什么时态,是进行中,仍是已经终止(完
10、成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些? 这个动作与主语的关系,是主动仍是被动?只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案,试题的正确答案也就水落石出了;详细技巧如下:* 依据题干中的时间标志词选择时态1-The window is dirty. A hasn t clean Bdidn t clean - I know. It _ for weeks. 04 全国卷 III Cwasn t cleaned Dhasn t been cleaned 答案: D 依据时间状语 for weeks 可知道用现在完成时,表示已经有好几周没擦窗了;并且主语 It 即the window 与 clean 是被
11、动关系,应选 D 2Scientists think that the continents_always where they _ today. (05 北京)A arent; are Barent; were Cwerent; are Dwerent; were 答案: C 此题考查时态;由其次个空后的时间状语 today 可知其次个空应使用现在时态,故剔除 B、D 两项,又由于句子内容是在不同时期的 continents 的位置进行对比,因此,应选择 C 项;3They _on the program for almost one week before I joined them, a
12、nd now we _it as no good results have come out so far. (05 江苏)A had been working; are still working Chave worked; were still working Bhad worked; were still working Dhave worked; are still working 答案:A 此题考查的是时态问题;从 before 引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时;故排除 C、D;now 一词提示用现在进行时,表示他们始终工作了一周,强调动作的连续;故答案为 A;4T
13、he country life he was used to_greatly since 1992. ( 05 山东)A change Bhas changed Cchanging Dhave changed 答案: B 句中有 since 引导时间状语,这说明主句应为完成时,剔除 A、C;又因主语 life 为单数,淘汰 D 项,应选 B;5 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. ( 05 山东)A is washing away Bis being washed away Ca
14、re washing away Dare being washed away 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -答案:D 句意为随着更多森林被毁,每年有很多良田被冲;此题考查主谓一样及被动语态问题;a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不行数名词也可以加复数名词,其谓语动词与quantity 的数保持一第 3 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思致;6-_David and Vicky _married. A How long were ;being BHow lon
15、g have ;got -For about three years 2003 北京 CHow long have ;been DHow long did ;get 答案 C 从答语 For about three years 判定,该题问的是动作连续了多久,用现在完成时,排除 A、D 选项; get married 强调的是结婚这一动作,不能连续,排除 命题角度 1 B;be married 表示已婚的状态,可以连续;动词时态须与句中时间状语一样;高考题常在题干中加入详细情形,以测试考生对动词时态学问的实际运用才能;应计策略1 ,并结合详细的语境,选择出正确的动词时态;敏捷捕获时间标志词(二
16、)依据主从句时态呼应的原就选择时态7When the old man _to walk back to his house, the sun_itself behind the mountain. (05 湖北)A started; had already hidden Bhad started; had already hidden Chad started; was hiding Dwas starting; hid 答案: A 此题考查的是时态问题;此题句意为当老人开头往家走时,太阳已经下山了;太阳落山的动作发生在开头往家走之前,即从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时;应选 A ;8- W
17、hat would you do if it _tomorrow. (05 全国)A rain Brains - We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready . Cwill rain Dis raining 答案: B 在条件状语从句 (if ,as long as,even if)、时间状语从句 (when,until ,before,the moment)中往往用一般现在时表示将来;9They _on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and no
18、w we_ it as no good results have come out so far. (05 江苏)A had been working; are still working Chave worked; were still working Bhad worked; were still working Dhave worked; are still working 答案:A 此题考查的是时态问题;从 before 引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时;故排除 C、D;now 一词提示用现在进行时,表示他们始终工作了一周,强调动作的连续;故答案为 A;10As so
19、on as he comes back, Ill tell him when_and see him. (05 北京)A you will come Bwill you come Cyou come Ddo you come 答案: A 此题考查宾语从句的语序和时态;依据宾语从句应使用陈述语序,剔除 B、D 两项,又由于宾语从句 come 和 see发生的时间为将来的动作就直接选用将来时态;只有在状语从句中才可以用一般现在时表示将来的动作,而宾语从句中不行,因此剔除 C;命题角度 2 近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应 进行考查 ,也会结合强调结构等其它语法现象进行考查;应计策略
20、2 ,要把握好以下几点: 在依据时态呼应原就解题时,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态; 正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境; 解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时 ,考生应熟知以下规章 : 假如主句动词为现在时态 ,就从句动词可依据需要使用任何时态 ; 假如主句动词为过去时态 ,就从句动词
21、须用合适的过去的某种时态 表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态 ;3 依据详细的语言环境选择时态11Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science_ that people who dont sleep well will soon get ill. (05 广东)Ashowed Bwill show Chas shown Dis showing 答案: C 用现在完成时,关键词是recent;12The coffee is wonderful. It doesnt taste like anything I before. (05 全国卷 II )
22、A was having Bhave C have ever had Dhad ever had 答案: C 在句子的情形中 ,表示从来没有尝过这么美味的咖啡;应选 C 13(05 全国) The heros story differently in the newspapers. A was reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported 答案: A 句意为那位英雄的故事与在报纸上报道的不一样;依据句意可判定英雄的事迹被报道为过去的事,所以用过去时的某个语态,排除C 项; B、D 两项为主动语态,不符合题干要求;14Now that she is out
23、 of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. 04 北京 A had considered Bhas been considering Cconsidered Dis going to consider 答案: B 依据所供应的情形 but she hasnt decided yet 说明白 Lucy 仍在考虑这件事,要用现在完成进行时,表示动作仍在连续;命题角度 3 近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高 应计策略 3 ,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化;捕获信息 ,懂得情境 ,综合运用 ,敏捷答题;三高考真题大
24、演练:1 Could I use your car tomorrow morning. Sure.I_a report at home. 2022 江苏, 25 A will be writing Bwill have written Chave written Dhave been writing 2 What about your self- drive trip yesterday. Tiring !The road is being widened ,and we_a rough ride. 2022 江苏, 34 A had Bhave Cwould have Dhave had 3
25、The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he_some European partners. 2022 江苏, 32 A would meet B is meeting Cmeets D had met 4The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精
26、思2022 江苏, 34 A has started B starts t mind.2022江苏, 21 Cstarted D will start 5 I hear you_in a pub.What s it like. Well,it s very hard work and I m always tired , but I don A are working B will work Cwere working D will be working 6 Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know.By next month ,he_enough for
27、a used one. A saves B saved 2022 江苏, 23 Cwill save D will have saved 7Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years. 2022 北京, 23 A had been made B was made 2022 北京, 28 Chas been made D would be made 8Hurry up !Mark and Carol _ us. B are expecting A expect Chave exp
28、ected D will expect 9 So what is the procedure. All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority.2022北京, 32 A interview B are interviewing Care interviewed D are being interviewed 10He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all ,he_it for a very long time. 2022 辽宁, 22 A has h
29、ad B had had Chas D had 11We are confident that the environment_by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 2022 辽宁, 30 A had been improved B will be improved Cis improved D was improved 12The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers_one of the main pipes. 2022 天津, 13 A had repa
30、ired B have repaired Crepaired D are repairing 13Around two o clock every night , Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat_us. 2022 湖南, 24 A bothers B had bothered D bothered Cwould bother 14If nothing_ ,the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 2022 湖南, 26 名师归纳总结 A does B had been done 第 6 页,共
31、 34 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Cwill do D is done 15I don t understand why you didn t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry.But I_my homework. 2022 湖南, 34 A had done B was doing Cwould do D am doing 16Oh no!Were too late.The train_. Thats OK.We ll catch th
32、e next train to London. 2022 山东, 27 A was leaving B had left Chas left D has been leaving 17The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 2022 福建, 26 A took B is taking Ctakes D has been taking 18I felt very tired when I got home ,and I _ stra
33、ight to bed. A go B went Chad gone D have gone 2022 重庆, 21 19The letters for the boss_on his desk but he didn t read them until three days later. 2022 天津, 2 A were put B was put Cput D has put 20I feel so excited. At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai. A will be flying B will fly Chave been
34、flying D have flown 【答案及解析】 :1 答案 A2022 辽宁, 31 解析考查动词时态;句意为: 我明天上午能使用你的车吗? 当然可以; 那时 我将在家写报告呢; A 项是将来进行时,与题意相符;2 答案A 昨天的自驾游如何? 太累了;道路正在拓宽,驾车特别难行;由解析考查时态;句意为:yesterday 可知,应用一般过去时态;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -3 答案D 解析依据句中 “ is said to have arrived” 可知, arrive 这个动作是在过去发生的,而 meet 发生在 arrive之前,即发生在过去的过去,所以用过去完成时;
35、应选D 项;4 答案C 解析句意为:这位总统期望他离任时人民的生活比他刚上任时更富有;依据句意,总统开头上任是过去发生的动作,所以用一般过去时;应选C 项;5 答案A 解析句意为: 我听说你在一家酒吧上班;怎么样? 噢,工作很辛苦,我总是感觉累,不过第 7 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思我不在乎;由谈话时的语境可估计出隐含的时间为now,由此可推断出空格处应用现在进行时表示现阶段正在发生的动作,并不是说话时正在发生的动作;其他选项的时态与语境不符;6 答案 D 解析 句意为: 汤米方案着买辆轿车; 我知道,到下个月,他就
36、会攒够钱买辆二手车了;由时间状语 by next month 判定,该句应当用将来完成时,应选 D 项;7 答案 C 解析 考查动词的时态和语态;句意为:在过去的几年里,莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特被制作成至少 10 部不同的影片; “ over the past时间段 ” 通常与现在完成时连用,且句子主语与 make 之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态;8 答案 B 解析 考查动词的时态;句意为:快点!迈克和卡尔在等着我们;Hurry up!说明 expect 动作正在进行;9 答案 C 解析 考查动词的时态和语态;句意为: 那么程序是什么样? 全部申请人都被面试后,官方才做出最终的打算;
37、申请人通过面试为客观事实情形而不是详细一次性行为,且为被动,应选 C 项;10 答案 B 解析 考查动词时态;句意为:他卖掉吉他时很不兴奋,究竟他已拥有它这么长时间了;“ 拥有吉他”是在“ 卖掉” 之前的状态,而“ 卖掉” 发生在过去,所以用过去完成时;11 答案B we are confident和 by our further efforts可知,环境得到改善应当是将来解析考查时态;依据的事情,故用一般将来时的被动语态;12 答案 D 解析 考查动词时态; 句意为: 水供应已临时被切断,由于工人们正在修理其中一个主管道;依据 has been cut off 判定应当是现在的某种时态;再依
38、据时间状语 temporarily 可以判定出 repair 是现在正在发生的动作,故用现在进行时;13 答案 A 解析 考查动词时态的用法;句意为:每天夜里 2 点左右, Sue 就会开头说梦话;这多少有点打搅我们;依据时间状语 “ around two o 般现在时;14 答案 D clock every night ” 可知此处表达的是每天都发生的事情,所以用一解析 考查动词的时态和语态;句意为:假如什么都不做的话,海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠;依据“ 主将从现 ” 的原就,从句用一般现在时;再依据语境可知此处表示被动;应选 D 项;15 答案 B 解析 考查动词时态的用法;句意为: 我无法懂得
39、你昨天下午为什么没参与讲座; 实在对不起,但是那时我在做作业;依据语境可知此处表示昨天下午举办讲座的那段时间我正在做作业,用过去进行时表示过去的时间段里正在发生的事情;名师归纳总结 16 答案C 第 8 页,共 34 页解析考查动词时态; 依据语境 “ 要赶下一班火车” 可知这一班火车已经开走了;应选择现在完成时;17 答案D 解析句意为:这个女孩对运动特别感爱好,在过去的三年中她每周上两次羽毛球课;由句中的时间- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思状语 “ over the last three years ” 可知
40、动作在过去的三年中始终发生,并且有可能将来仍连续下去,所以用现在完成进行时;18 答案 B 解析 考查时态;句意为:当我到家时感到很累,所以就直接上床睡觉了;and 连接并列句,前后时态应一样,故用一般过去时;19 答案 A 解析 句意为: 给老板的那些信被放在了桌子上,但直到三天后他才读的;依据 but 后的“ didnt read”可知老板读信是发生在过去,所以信被放到桌子上应当发生在“ 读信 ” 之前,也是过去的动作,与现在无关,所以排除 D 项; the letters 与 put 之间为被动关系,故排除 C 项;而且 the letters 作主语,是复数,可排除 B 项;所以答案为
41、 A 项;20 答案 A 解析 此题的关键词是 at this time tomorrow morning ,这是将来某个特定的时间,因此排除 C、D 两项;will fly 表达将来的准备,而不能表达将来某个特定时间正在发生的事情;应选 A 项;句意为:我太兴奋了!明天上午这个时间我正飞往上海;四模拟试题来检测:1Whatever you have found ,you should give it back to whomever it _. A is belonged to Bis belonging to Cbelonged to Dbelongs to 2Now the world s attention _ the stock markets,as they have a great influence on the world s economy. A is fixing on Bhas fixed on Cis being fixed on Dhad been fixed on 3I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio. A taught Bhave taught Care taught Dhave been taught
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