2022年初中英语-介词专项.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 介词一概念： 介词用来说明名词与句中其他词的关系,介词是虚词,不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分, 介词短语= 介词 +介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）介词的作用above, around, at, behind, between, by, 介词表地点、位置、方向的介词down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, 表时间的介词towards, by, in, on ,over, with 其他介词like,

2、with, without, from, next, to 二、常用1、in 在.之内1 表示地点,表示大地点；Shes in China with her mom and dad. 2表示时间,表示在某一个时间段内 3 表示颜色和语言也用介词 in；Do you know the girl in red. 2、from 从.中来The weather is cold in winter. I can write this article in English. 1 come from I come from China and Im Chinese. s. 2 download from I

3、 download music from the Internet. 3 be different from Lily s habits are different from Linda3. with 和,用,与1 with sb 和.人在一起Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling. 2）with sth. 表示用某种工具 4. at 在. I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes. 1 表地点,主小地点；My father is a teacher at Beijing International Sch

4、ool. 2 表时间,主指时间的一个点；I get up at half past seven in the morning. 3 be good at 善于于 . I am good at reading and writing. 5. behind 在.后面 The classrooms are behind the offices.6. next to 紧挨着 The library is next to the classrooms. 7. in front of 在 .前面 They are in front of Tony and Daming. 8. for 为了 .,由于；9.

5、 on 在.上,在 .时 1） 表示时间,表示详细的一天；Thank you for your email. Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday. 2） 表示地点on the farm on the playground 10. to 自,向 1）talk to 与.谈论 We have a break and I talk to my friends. 2 go to 去 3）welcome to 欢迎到 . He likes films and he often goes to the cinema. Welcome to

6、Beijing Zoo. 4）listen to 听 They always listen to music. 5）connect.to .和.连接一起Please connect the monitor to the computer first. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三、常用的介词的区分： in, to, on 在方位名词前的区分1. in 表示 A 地在 B 地范畴之内,如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to 表示 A 地在 B 地范畴之外（有距离

7、） ,如： Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on 表示 A 地与 B 地接壤、毗邻,如： North Korea is on the east of China. . at, in, on, by 在表示时间上的区分 1. at 指时间表示：（1）时间的点、时刻等；They came home at noon （at sunrise, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak）. （2）较短暂的一段时间；可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子；He went home at New Year （at Christ

8、mas, at the Spring Festival）. 2. in 指时间表示：（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内；in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening （2）在一段时间之后；一般用于将来时,谓语动词为非连续性动词,意为“ 在 以后”；He will arrive in two hours. （3）谓语动词为连续性动词时,in 意为“ 在 以内” ；These products will be made in a month. 3. on 指时间表示：（1）详细的时

9、日和一个特定的时间,如某日、节日、星期几等, On Christmas Day there will be a party. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上；He arrived at 8oclock on the night of Friday. clock. （3）准时,按时；If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark. 4. by 指时间表示：（1）不迟于,在（某时）前；如： He will come by six o（2）在 间,在 的时候；如： He worked by day and studied by

10、 night. . near, by, beside, at 表示“ 在 邻近” 时的区分1. near 表示相对的近,实际距离可能仍很远；2. by 和 beside都表示靠近,实际距离不很远 意思；Suzhou is near Shanghai. ,但 beside比 by 更详细地表示出“ 在 旁边” 的 He was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river. 3. at 也有“ 在旁边” 的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而 by 和 beside仅表示位置关系；如： The students are sitting at t

11、he table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music. . at, in 和 on 表示地点时的区分1. at表示地点：（1）用于指较小的地方；arrive at,接小地方I will wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前；He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road. 2. in 表示地点： arrive in 接较大地方 He lives in Shanghai. 3. on

12、表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“ 在 上；在 旁”；The picture was hanging on the wall. 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - . besides, except, but 表示“ 除 外” 之间的区分1. besides表示“ 除了 以外,仍有 ”,具有附加性质；如：Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film. 留意： besides用于否定句中时,与 except, but同义,可互换；如：We have no other

13、 books besides / except these. 2. except表示“ 除外” ,具有排它性质；如：We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生没去）3. but 意为“ 除了” ,与 except 同义, except 强调被排除的部分, but 就强调整句的内容,常修饰 否定意义的代词 ；Nobody knew it but me. . above, over, on, up 表示“ 在 上” 之间的区分1. above指“ 上方” ,表示相对高度,不肯定在正上方,其反义词为below；Were flying above

14、the clouds. 2. over 指“ 在 正上方” ,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under；The bridge is over the river. 3. on 表示“ 在 上面” ,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对；There is a map on the wall. 4. up 表示动作的方憧憬上,反义词为 with, from, for, at 表示缘由的区分down；如： Please stand up 1. with 表示缘由,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“ 由于；由于”；2. from 表示动机、疲惫、痛楚等缘由；3. for 常表示为了某一目的、事业的缘由；4. a

15、t表示缘由,指“ 听到；看到；想到” 等； for 和 of 的用法区分The little girl was shivering with cold. She did it from a sense of duty. I do apologize for keeping you waiting. At the news they felt very glad. 试比较： Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock. Its kind of you to help me. 两句中介词的挑选依据其前形容词而定,一般来说 ,of 之前

16、的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪慧与否,细心与马虎等；for 之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必定性,难易程度等；by,with ,in 的用法区分by 表示 以.的方式,方法,手段 和 乘某种交通工具 ；with 指借助于详细的手段或工具 ；in 表示 以.方式,用语言,文字等媒介 ；I solved the problem by this way. I cut the apple with a knife. He speaks with us in English. after 和 in 的用法区分这两个介词都可以表示时间 在以后 的意思；其区分是： af

17、ter 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子；的句子；in 以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态I went home after 10 oclock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes. 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 小试牛刀：一：用 by, beside, near, beyond 填空1. The little girl is sitting _ her mother. 2. There is a white

18、car _ our school. 3. Many shops are _ our home. 4. _ our city there is a river. 二：1. The post office is _ the police station and the library. A. between B. among C. in 2. I cant finish my work _ your help.A. with B. without C. in 3. Thank you _ _ me to have dinner. A. for invite B. of invite C. for

19、inviting 4. Why are you standing, Alice. -I cant see the blackboard clearly. Tw o tall boys are sitting _ me. A. behind B. next to C. in front of 5. If you do things _, usually you cant do them well.A. in a hurry B. from now on C. just now 6. What a nice day. We should go sightseeing _ watching TV i

20、n the hotel. A. because of B. instead of C. together with 7. Your coat looks very nice. Whats it made _.- Cotton, and it is made _ Wuhan. A. from, in B. of, in C. from, on 8. -When and where you born. -I was born _ October 1st, 1998 _ Suzhou. A. on, on B. in, in C. on, in s homes _ ten years.9. Ther

21、e will be many robots _ peopleA. in, / B. in, in C. in, after 10. All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr White. Why. -Because he was on duty. A. except B. besides C. except for 11. Its very kind _ them to pick me up at the railway station and drive me home.A. for B. to C. of 12. A UFO landed _ the

22、 Center Street. A. at B. on C. in 13. _ the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home. A. During, going B. In, go C. On, goes 24. Think it over _ you write the answer. A. before B. after C. on 答案：一： 1. by, 2. beside, 3. near, 4. beyond 8 C 9 C 10A 11 C 12 B 13. A 14. A 二：

23、1.A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5A 6. B 7B 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 勤加磨练：1. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work. A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in 2. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old. A.for B.to

24、 C.at D.as 3 .I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics. A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at 4. Nobody knows it _ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but 5. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for 6. We go to

25、school _ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove 7. Its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me. A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of 8. Fresh air is good _ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to 9.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother. A.for,on B.on,for C.for,fo

26、r D.on.on 10.The PLA man saved the boy _ death. A. of B.from C.to D.on 11. He will come _ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later 12 He went to Beijing and returned _ three days. A. in B. before C. later D. after 13. He will return_ three oclock. A.after B.in C.on D.at 14 He wrote the article _

27、three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by 15 I agree _ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at 16. Do you agree_ this plan arrangement. A.at B.with C.on D.to 17. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at 18. Do you often hear_ your brother. A. of B. from C. out of D. about 19.1 heard

28、 _ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from C.of D.with 20. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over 21. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History. A. across B. through C.by D.past 22.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight o

29、f a tailors shop. A. across B. through C.by D.past 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 23. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People. A. across B. through C. past D.over 24. _ the sun, nothing would grow. . For B.With C. Under D. Without 25. The teacher is busy _ teaching. A

30、.with B.for C.on D.of 26. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers. A. for B.in C.on D.of 27. We left Xi an _._ a very hot summer afternoon. A. on B.in C. during D.by 28. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late. A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about 29. My father was disappointed _ the news

31、. A. by B. about C. at D. o 30. Mr Wang went to Nanjing _ October,1998 and came back home _ the morning of Nov. 5. A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from 31 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor. A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to 32. I dont think you can work out the maths pro

32、blem _ the teachers help. A. since B. unless C. because D. without 33. - Do you go there _ bus. - No, we go there _ a train. A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with 34. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li. A. in; in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in 35. The old man died _ cold _ a c

33、old night. A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during 36. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French. A. except B. but C. besides D. beside 37. - How long has the bookshop been in business. -_1982. A. After B.In C.From D.Since 38. Did you have any trouble _ the post office. A. to have found

34、 B. with finding C. to find D. in finding 39.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it. A.about B.with C.for D.of 40. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian. A. in B.at C.to D.on 41 His father will be back from London _ a few days. A.since B.in C.on D.after 42 .The word write has the same pronunciati

35、on _ the word right.关系代词 A. of B.as C.to D.from 43. The train leaves _ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p. m. at the latest. A. at; until 连续 B. for; after C.at;by（瞬时） D. before; around44. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday. D. on./till A. on/ throughB. on/toC. from/to45. Ther

36、e are many beautiful birds _ the tree. A. onB. atC. inD. besides 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1-5DDCDB6-10BCBAB11-15CDABC16-20DABCD21-25ABCDA26-30B ADCC 31-35ADCCA 36-40CC DDD 41-45BBCBBC （应到 43 答案有误）中学英语常用介词短语1at once 立刻27little by little 逐步地2at last 最终28in all 总共3at fi

37、rst 起先,第一29in fact 事实上4at the age of在 岁时30in ones twenties 在某人二十几岁时5at the end of在 之末31in a hurry 匆忙6at the beginning of在 之初32in the middle of 在 中间7at the foot of在 脚下33in no time in a minute 立刻,很快8at the same time 同时34in time on time 准时9at night/noon 在夜里 /中午35in public 公众,公开地10with ones help 在某人的帮忙下

38、,由于某人的帮忙36in order to 为了 37in front of 在 前面38in the sun 在阳光下11with the help of 在 的帮忙下39in the end 最终,最终12with a smile 面带笑容40in surprise 诧异地13with ones own eyes 亲眼观察41in turn 依次14after a while 过了一会儿42of course 当然15from now on 从现在起43a bit of 有一点儿44a lot of 很多16from then on 从那时起45a little 一点儿17far exam

39、ple 例如46on ones way to 某人在去 的路上 47on foot 步行,走路18far away from 远离19from morning till night 从早到晚48a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告20by and by 不久49on the other hand 另一方面21by air mail 寄航空邮件50at/on the weekend 在周末22by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车 /乘飞机 /火车 /汽车51on the left right 在左 右边52on the other side of 在 另一边23by

40、 ordinary mail 寄平信53on the radio 通过收音机 无线电广播 24by the way 顺便说54to ones joy 使 兴奋的是25by the window 在窗边26by the end of到 底为止55to ones surprise 使 诧异的是介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语1）.介词与动词搭配到达do well in 在 方面做得好arrive inat give in 投降ask for 要,恳求go on 连续7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - listen to 听hear from 收到 来信look after 照料,照看hear of 听说look for 查找helps B.with sth. 帮忙 做look like 看上去像laugh at 嘲笑get to 到达learn from 向 学习fill with 布满,装满talk to 与 谈话拿下,取了begin with 以 开头meet with 有时遇见,遭受take down pass on 传递look at （有意识地）看belong to 属于speak to 对某人write to 写信给 take away 拿走,带