2022年高三英语二轮复习精品教学案【专题五】动词的时态和语态.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【专题四】动词的时态和语态【考情分析】一、考查详细语境下时态的呼应 对动词时态和语态的考查是高考题中的重点,考查的角度越来越趋向语境化、有用化,即以基础学问为主,把时态和语境结合起来,留意在实际运用的语境中考查学问点；解答此 类题目时决不能脱离实际运用的语境而一味死记硬背语法规章的条条框框,在解答过程中应 该捕获信息,懂得情形,综合分析,敏捷答题；二、考查常见的八大时态 : 八大时态：一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在完成时和过去完成时；另外,现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时和将来完成时

2、也比较常用；时态的考查主要以一般时、进行时和完成时为主,试题将连续出现“ 情形立意” 和“ 才能 立意” 的原就,即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,留意在语境中考查时态和语态；要求把握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特别意义；三、考查主动语态和被动语态的使用以及改为被动语态时的一些特别情形；四、考查的时态呼应【学问归纳】考点一、动词的时态呼应：在复合句,从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态,常受主句谓语动词的影响,这就叫做时 态的呼应,时态的呼应一般有如下的情形；1、假如主句的谓语动词为现在时态,其从句中的谓语动词应当用什么时态就用什么时 态,如： She

3、knows you have been in Beijing for five rears. 2、假如主句中的谓语动词为过去时态,从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态,但要留意 到以下情形：（1）假如从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时,如：at that time. She said she was busy then./She said she was reading 2假如从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前,从句中须用过去完成时,如：I didn t know that she had been to

4、London twice. 3假如从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后,从句须用过去将来时,如：They didn t know when they would have a rest. 4假如从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象,虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用 一般现在时,如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. 5假如从句中有表示详细过去时间的状语,虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语名师归纳总结 动词所表示的动作之前,从句仍用一般过去时,但假如该状语表示

5、的时间不详细,就从句仍第 1 页,共 8 页要用过去完成时,如：Tome said he was born in 1975. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载考点二、动词的进行时态一、现在进行时1表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不肯定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的支配或方案；go,come 等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时；He is teaching English and learning Chinese.他正教英语和学习汉语；The girl is always talking loud in pu

6、blic. 与 always,often 等频度副词连用,表示某种感情颜色 这个小女孩总是在公众场合下大声谈话；2下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时；1表示感官的动词：see, hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste ,look ；2表示心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care, believe,want , mind,wish；3表示存在的状态的动词：appear, exist,lie,remain, seem,belong to ,have,own；4表示一时性动作的动词：二、过去进行时allow ,accept,permit ,promise

7、,admit ,complete ；1过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生；经常与 at that time , at this time yesterday 等时间状语连用；I was reading an interesting book at this 书；time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在读一本好玩的2某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句中；连续性动作用过去进行时,短暂性动作用一般过去时；Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 当

8、没人留意的时候,汤姆溜进屋来；The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 那位记者说, 当他看到时,不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行；三、将来进行时将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作；将来进行经常与一些标志性的时间状语连用；这些常见的标志性状语有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1 30 to 430 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow；I will be

9、 having a gathering party with my friends at this time tomorrow. 起正在聚会；明天这时我将与伴侣一I will be having a meeting from 230 to 5 30 tomorrow afternoon.明天下午 230 到 5 30我们将正在开会；考点三、一般过去时和现在完成时的区分 一、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用 或上下文语境 有示意 ；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原先没有料到、想到的事；如： If the traffic hadnt been so he

10、avy,I could have been back by 6 oclock.“ 要是交通不那么拥挤的话,六点之前我原来能够回来的；”What a pity ！Tina was here to see you.“ 太惋惜了！ Tina 来这里探望你了； ”2在过去某一详细时间的前提下发生了某件事情要用一般过去时表示；如：Have you ever seen that movie. “ 你曾看过那部电影吗？”Yes.When I was in Tokyo, I saw it three times. “ 是的,当我在东京时,我看过三次；”3表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时

11、；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载如： but,and,when,as soon as,immediately ,the moment ,the minute ；如：He bought a watch but lost it. 他买了一块手表但丢了；The moment she came in ,she told me what had happened to her. 生了什么事情；二、现在完成时她一进来,她就告知我她发1现在完成时除可以和for ,since 引导的状语连用外, 仍可以和下面的

12、介词短语连用：during / in /over the lastpastfew years months, weeks 2以下句型中常用现在完成时：It is has been一段时间 since 从句,in recent years 等；This That/Itis the firstsecond. time that完成时 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作；I will n

13、ot believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.话； 强调“ 看完” I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我干完了工作就和你一起去；强调“ 干完” 【专家提示】一般过去时与现在完成时的区分：只有我亲自看到,我才会信任你的1时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态,不能用完成时态,如含有 ago,last year,just now ,the other day 等；结果上有差异： 现在完成时强调的是对“ 现在” 的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或仍在继 续；2一般

14、过去时强调的是动作发生在“ 过去”,和现在毫无关系；考点四、一般过去时和过去完成时的区分 一、过去完成时表示发生在“ 过去的过去” 的动作,常用于以下几种情形中：1by,by the end of ,by the time ,until ,before ,since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从 句,主句用过去完成时；By the end of last year ,another new cinema had been built in our city. 到去年年末,我们城市又建了一座新电影院；I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the u

15、niversity. 在我上高校前就学了 5,000 个单词；2表示“ 一 就 ” 的几个固定句型：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had主语过去分词 when/than/before 从句 一般过去时 ；HardlyNo sooner had I got home when than the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下；Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚动身,汽车的轮胎就漏气了；3intend ,mean,hope,want ,plan,suppose,expe

16、ct,think 等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个原来准备做而实际上没有做的事；这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或期望,含有某种惋惜；I had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me just when I was about to 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载leave. 我昨天原来要去看你的,但是刚要出门就有人来访；I had meant to help you ,but I was too bus

17、y at the moment. 我本想去帮你的,但当时的确太忙了；考点五、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区分1假如与段时间连用,两个时态可相互替用,只不过现在完成进行时具有剧烈的感情颜色；如：I have been learning English for ten years. I have learned English for ten years. 我学英语有十年了；2现在完成时可与表示“ 次数” 的状语,能；如：already,yet,ever 连用,而现在完成进行时就不I have been to Hainan three times. 我去过海南三次；Have you ever me

18、t such a strange thing. 你遇到过这样古怪的事情吗？3现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在连续；现在完成时强调过去发生的动 作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过；如：I have been writing an article. 我始终在写一篇文章；仍在 带有感情颜色；现I have written an article. 我已写好了一篇文章；已完成 4现在完成进行时表示刚刚终止的动作,强调动作在不久前连续进行,在完成时表示已经终止的动作,强调动作的结果；如：Where have you been. We have been looking for you everyw

19、here. 你到哪里去了？我们在处处找你；表示刚刚终止的动作 We have looked for him, but havent found him. 我们找过他,但没有找到他；表示动作已终止,强调动作的结果 5现在完成进行时可以表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情；如：All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来,他们始终为我们杂志写稿；We have been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们经常见面；考点六、主动语态和被

20、动语态一、主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）假如主动语态动词后又有直接宾语,又有间接宾语,一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语, 将直接宾语保留在原处；如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语,将间接宾语保留在原处时, 一般要在间接宾语前加介词to 或 for,如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night. was told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. （2）主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时,改为被动语

21、态时,就将宾语改为主语,将宾补保留在原处,而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了；宾补可以有以下几种情形： 宾补为动词不定式, 如：They asked her to sing a song. She was asked to sing a song. 在动词 make, see, hear, watch, notice 等之后,不定式的 to 在主动语态里可要省略,而被动语态里不能省,如： Tom was seen to come out of the lab. 宾补为分词,如：They heard them singing at the time. They were heard singing

22、 at that time. 宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语,如：She kept me busy all the morning. I was kept busy all the morning.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（3）含有情态动词的动词改为被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态,因其前有情态动词, 所以构成被动语态的助动词be 就要使用原形, 如：They must finish the work before Friday. The work must be fi

23、nished before Fr（4）be going to, be to, used to, have to 和 had better 等结构,其作用相当于情态动词或助动词,在改为被动语态时,只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可,如：The are not going to put off the football match. The football match is not going to be put off.二、被动语态的特别情形：1get过去分词表被动 They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了；He fell and got hurt. 他摔倒受伤

24、了；2主动形式表被动意义 1系动词 look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear ,go,prove ,turn 等形容词 / 名词；Ice feels cold.冰摸上去凉；His plan proved to be practical. 他的方案被证明符合实际；2表示主语的某种属性的词：read,write ,act,cut,draw,drive ,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut 等；The books sell well.这些书畅销；The door wont lock. 门锁不上；This c

25、oat dries easily.这种外衣简单干；The plan worked out wonderfully. 这方案进行得很顺当；The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来；The pen writes smoothly. 这只钢笔写起来流利；【专家提示】1短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“ 尾巴”；The children were taken good care of by her 孩子们得到很好的照管；Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.【方法技巧】一、动词的时态和语态备考建议你的发音

26、和拼写应当得到留意；1清晰地明白英语中常用的八种常用时态的一些常用规章,留意在实际生活中如何使用各种时态的使用；精确把握八大常见时态（一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在完成时和过去完成时）以及三大热点时态（现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时和将来完成）的有关学问； 考生在复习过程中,要侧重对语境的分析,提高对语境的懂得才能,且要重视正确分析语言材料中的时态交互信息和对有特别用法的动词的敏捷运用；2建立时态的时、体概念；“ 时” 即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时；每个“ 时” 又分四个“ 体”,即一般体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体 ；3解答时态和语态类问

27、题时,要遵循如下思路：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备；欢迎下载1说的是什么时间的事情或情形,即定“ 时”2这个动作是什么状态,是完成了、仍是未完成、仍是既不表示完成又不表示进行,即定“ 体” ；3这个动作与主语之间的关系,是主动仍是被动,即定“ 语态”；4做有关语态的题目可以分两步走：第一步确定正确的时态,其次步确定正确的语态；判 断用主动语态仍是用被动语态的依据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：假如是主谓关系就用主动语态,假如是动宾关系就用被动语态；二、主从句时态呼应近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的

28、时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其他语法现象进行考查；解答此类试题时,要把握以下几点：1在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时；用一般现在时代替将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,2正确认定主句动词和从句动词两个动词发生的时间,并仔细体会命题人所给出的语境；3解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规章：假如主句动词为现在时态,就从句动词可依据详细情形使用任何时态；假如主句动词为过去时态,就从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态 表示客观真理时用一般现在时 ；【考点例析】1.-Look. Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wa

29、sn t me. I didn t do it. 【2022 江西卷】Ais cleaning Bwas cleaning Chas cleaned Dhad cleaned 1. C 此题考查时态 .；句意为：“ 看 ,有人已经打扫了沙发”；“ 是的 ,不是我 ,我没有做 .” ；强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响故用现在完成时,正确答案为 C；2. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. 【2022 湖南卷】A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been rep

30、aid D. was repaid 2.A 此题考查动词时态；从 dont 可知语境为现在,排除 B、D；而 later in life 可知为将来的动作,应选 A；3. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left. 【2022 重庆卷】A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 3. B 此题考查动词的时态；分析题干语境可知,食品供应即将耗尽；run out

31、 为不及物动词短语,不能使用被动形式,由此可排除 C 和 D 两个选项； B 选项为现在进行时态,可以表示将来,符合题意；因此,正确答案为 B 选项；4.-kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong. 【2022 重庆卷】-Well, I_ a test and I m waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 4. B 考查动词的时态；依据答语的后半句可知,现在Kevin 正在等待测试的成果,参与测试为一个过去的动作,应当使用一般过去时态；因此,正确答案为 B 选项；5

32、.Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _on Friday. 【2022 辽宁卷】名师归纳总结 A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid 第 6 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载5. A 考查动词时态和语态；在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来,且 I 与 pay 之间是动宾关系,所以选 A；6.Did you catch what I said. Sorry. I

33、 _ a text message just now. 【 2022 四川卷】A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering 6.D 此题考查动词时态；句意为：“ 你听懂我所说的了吗？”“ 对不起；我刚刚在回短信；”依据句意准时间状语 just now 可知,回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点,即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作,故正确答案 D；7. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house

34、_.【2022 四川卷】A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt 7.A 此题考查动词的时态和语态；句意为：他们现在临时和父母一起居住,由于他们自己的房子正在重建；依据句意可知,应使用被动语态,且 系,故使用现在进行时态的被动语态；house 与动词 rebuilt 之间为被动关8. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 【2022 全国 II】A. has told B. is telling C. has

35、 been telling D. will have told 8. C 考查动词的时态； 句意：经理从早上 项目；依据句意选 C；9 点开头就始终在不停的告知工人们如何改进这个9. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step ” 【2022 全国新课程】A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 9. C 此题考查动词的时态；句意：奶奶过去经常说：看得见；”“ 生活就像在雪中行走,由于每一步都此处是奶奶过去经常说的一句话,这里是直接引语, 句子

36、的内容是生活哲理；所以用一般现在时；10. Alvin, are you coming with us. 【2022 浙江卷】 Id love to, but something unexpected . A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up 10.A 考查动词时态；句意：-艾琳,你要和我们一起去吗？-我想去,但是发生了点意外；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情到现在为止,且对现在造成了肯定的影响,符合语境,故答案选；【专题训练】1. I called Hannah many times yesterda

37、y evening, but I couldn _ on the phone all the time. A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked 2. -Where did you put the broom, Tom. -I _it behind the door But now it is gone get through. Her brother Ado put Bdo putting Cdid to put Ddid put 3. Once harm _ to the environment, it take

38、s years to have the system recovered. 名师归纳总结 A. does B. is done C. will be done D. be done 第 7 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4. I fixed my eyes upon the newcomer, wondering whether I _ him somewhere beforeAsaw B has seen Chad seen Dwould see 5.My toothache is killing me I _ i

39、t _ awayBut now its getting worse and worse.D had thought; Athink; is going B thought; was going Chave thought; is going had gone 6. My friend, Tom, left New York in 1976 and since then he_. Ahadn t been heard ofBhasn t been heard of Chasn t heard ofDhadn t heard of7.You speak very good Chinese. -Th

40、anks. I _ it for 4 years before I came to China. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied 8. Travelers_ that they should bring their ID cards with them. A. have reminded B. are reminded C. were reminding D. had been reminded 9. “Look. Everything here is under construction.”“What is the small building that_forA. is being building B. has been built C. is built D. is being built 10. A red sky in the morning _to be a sign of bad weather. A. says B. is saying C. has said D. is said 【参考答案】1-5 ADBCB 6-10 BDBDD 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页