2022年高中英语句子成分讲解视频.docx

《2022年高中英语句子成分讲解视频.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语句子成分讲解视频.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！语法复习一：句子成分；简洁句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分；句子成分有主要成分和次 要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语；（二）主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首；但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面；主语可由名 词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示；例如：（数词）（不定式）does harm to the health.（动名词）s

2、hould help the poor.（名词化的形容词）（主语从句）. （it 作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态；动词在句中作谓语,一般 放在主语之后；谓语的构成如下：1 、简洁谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成；如：he running every morning. our teacher of english is an （名词）is it .（代词）the weather has turned .（形容词）the speech is three times seven is .（数词）his job is （不定式）his hobb

3、y（爱好） is .（动名词）the machine must be （介词短语）time is . the class is .（副词）the truth is .（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面；例如：they went to see an （展览） yesterday.（名词）how many dictionaries do you have. i have （数词）they helped with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）he pretended （不定式短语）i enjoy （动名词短语）i t

4、hink（宾语从句）宾语种类：（ 1）双宾语（间接宾语 +直接宾语）,例如：lend me your dictionary, please.（ 2）复合宾语（宾语 +宾补）,例如：they elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,仍要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整；带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补）；宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当；例如：名师归纳总结 his father named him .（名词）第 1 页,共 11 页they painte

5、d their boat .（形容词）let the fresh air .（副词）you mustn t force himwe saw her .（现在分词）we found everything in the lab（介词短语）we will soon make our city - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语；定语可由以下等成分表示：guilin is a （形容词）china is a （分词）there are thirty teachers is our schoo

6、l.（名词）rapid progress in english made us surprised.（代词）our monitor is always the first.（不定式短语）the plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）he is reading an article .（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特点的句子成分,叫做状语；可由以下形式表示：light travels .（副词及副词性词组）he has lived in the city .（介词短语）he is proud （不定式短语

7、） he is in the room wait .（名词）, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：how about meeting again .（时间状语）（缘由状语）last night she didnt go to the dance party .i shall go there .（条件状语）mr smith lives （地点状语）she put the eggs into the basket （方式状语）she came in （相伴状语）, i must work harder.（目的状语）he was so tired （结果状语）she w

8、orks very hard .（让步状语）i am taller .（比较状语）练习一一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：二、用符号划出以下短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：i hope you are very well. im fine, but tired. right now it is the summer vacation and im helping my dad on the farm. august is the hottest month here. it is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every d

9、ay i work from dawn until dark. sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. we grow rice in the south of the states, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. we have a lot of machines on the farm. although the farm is large, my dad has only two men working for hi

10、m. but he employs more men for the harvest. my brother takes care of the vegetable garden. it doesnt often rain in the summer here. as a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. every evening we pump water from a well. it then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 名师归纳总结 三、用符号划

11、出以下短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：第 2 页,共 11 页most saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. these parties often make us very happy. we cook meat on an open fire outside. its great. americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. some of my friends drink beer. i dont, because i have to dri

12、ve home after the party. in your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the states. there are five different time areas in the states. in my state we are fourteen hours behind - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！beijing time. how many different time areas do you have in ch

13、ina. well, i must stop and get some sleep. please give my best regards to your parents. 四、挑选填空： 1. _ will leave for beijing. a. now there the manb. the man here now c. the man who is here now d. the man is here now 2. the weather _. a. wet and cold b. is wet and cold c. not wet and cold d. were wet

14、and cold 3. the apple tasted _. a. sweets b. sweetlyc. nicelyd. sweet 4. he got up _ yesterday morning. a. latelyb. late c. latest d. latter 5. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest. a. we, us b. us, wec. we, our d. we, we 6. he found the street much _. a. crowd b. crowdingc

15、. crowded d. crowdedly 7.i think _necessary to learn english well. a. its b. it c. that d. that is 二、简洁句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1 、按句子的用途可分四种：1 ）陈述句（确定、否定）：he is six years old; she didnt hear of you before. 2 ）疑问句（一般、特别、挑选、反意）：do they like skating. how old is he. is he six or seven years old. mary can s

16、wim, cant she.3 ）祈使句： be careful, boys; dont talk in class4 ）感叹句： how clever the boy is. 2 、按句子的结构可分三种：1 ）简洁句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）；e.g. he often reads english in the morning. tom and mike are american boys. she likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2 并列句：由并列连词（and, but

17、, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简洁句连在一起 e.g. you help him and he helps you. 的；the future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折3 ）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子；复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等；e.g. the foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the great wall. （二）简洁句的五种基本句型1 、主语 +系动词 +表语

18、： e.g. he is a student. 2 、主语 +不及物动词： e.g. we work. 3 、主语 +及物动词 +宾语： e.g. hey bought a dictionary. 4 、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语（间接宾语 a car. +直接宾语）： e.g. my father bought me 名师归纳总结 5 、主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语（宾语+宾补）： e.g. tom made the baby laugh. 第 3 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本

19、句型扩展、变化或省略而构成；（三）并列句的分类1 、表示连接两个同等概念,常用 and, not only but also , neither nor , then 等连接； e.g. the teachers name is smith, and the students name is john. 2 、表示挑选,常用的连词有 or, either or , otherwise 等； e.g. hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3 、表示转折,常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等；e.g. he

20、was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4 、表示因果关系,常用的连词有 so, for, therefore the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day i work from dawn until dark. （四）高考考点探讨等； e.g. august is 1 、简洁句的五大句型是最基本的句型；虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但 是在阅读中有时

21、需借助于划分句子成分去懂得,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的才能 是不行能用地道的英语句子来表达清晰的；2 、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一；有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结 合于一体来考查；一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的进展趋势；3 、高考对简洁句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的挑选和使用上；如：and, but, or, while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联 词；篇二：高中英语句子成分和句子类型讲解及配套练习 句子成分：（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分；句子成分有主要成分和次 要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要

22、成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语；（二）主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首；但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面；主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示；例如：during the 1990s, american （名词）（代词）（数词）in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）does harm to the health.（动名词）should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）has not been decided.（主

23、语从句）is necessary it 作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态；动词在句中作谓语,一般 放在主语之后；谓语的构成如下：1 、简洁谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成；如：he 2 、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或 其他助动词加动词原形构成；如：you for two weeks. he（2 ）由系动词加表语构成；如： we . 名师归纳总结 our teacher of english is an （名词）第 4 页,共 11 页is it .（代词）the weather has turned .（形容词）the speech is

24、 three times seven is .（数词）his job is （不定式）his hobby（爱好） is .（动名词）the machine（介词短语）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - time is .（副词）优秀资料欢迎下载！the truth is （表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承担者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面；例如：they went to see an （展览） yesterday.（名词）how many dictionaries do you have. i have （数词）they helped with

25、 their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）he pretended （不定式短语）i enjoy .（动名词短语）i think（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1 ）双宾语（间接宾语 +直接宾语）,例如：lend me your dictionary, please. （2 ）复合宾语（宾语 +宾补）,例如：they elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,仍要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整；带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语 +宾补）；宾补可由名词、形容词、副词

26、、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当；例如：his father named him dongming.（名词）they painted their boat （形容词）let the fresh air .（副词）you mustn t force himwe saw her （现在分词）we found everything in the lab（介词短语）we will soon make our city （从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语；定语可由以下等成分表示：guilin is a （形容词）china is a country.（分词）there are

27、thirty teachers is our school.（名词）rapid progress in english made us surprised.（代词）our monitor is always the first（不定式短语）the plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）he is reading an article .（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特点的句子成分,叫做状语；可由以下形式表示：名师归纳总结 light travels .（副词及副词性词组）（缘由状语）第 5 页,共 11

28、 页he has lived in the city （介词短语）he is proud （不定式短语） he is in the room wait （名词）, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：how about meeting again .（时间状语）last night she didnt go to the dance party .i shall go there .（条件状语）mr smith lives （地点状语）she put the eggs into the basket .（方式状语）she came in .（相伴状语）, i must

29、 work harder.（目的状语）he was so tired .（结果状语）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - she works very hard .优秀资料欢迎下载！（让步状语）i am taller .（比较状语）简洁句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1 、按句子的用途可分四种：1 ）陈述句（确定、否定）：he is six years old; she didnt hear of you before. 2 ）疑问句（一般、特别、挑选、反意）：do they like skating. how old is he. is he

30、six or seven years old. mary can swim, cant she.3 ）祈使句： be careful, boys; dont talk in class4 ）感叹句： how clever the boy is. 2 、按句子的结构可分三种：1 ）简洁句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）； e. g. he often reads english in the morning.tom and mike are american boys.she likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wal

31、l newspapers. 2 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简洁句连在一起构成；e. g. you help him and he helps you. 的；the future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折3 ）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子；复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等；e. g. the foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the

32、great wall. （二）简洁句的五种基本句型1 、主语 +系动词 +表语： e. g. he is a student. 2 、主语 +不及物动词： e. g. we work. 3 、主语 +及物动词 +宾语： e. g. hey bought a dictionary. 4 、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语（间接宾语 a car. +直接宾语）： e. g. my father bought me 5 、主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语（宾语 +宾补）： e. g. tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成；主语 -动词 -

33、表语：在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语；名词作表语 形容词作表语 现在分词作表语 过去分词作表语 介词短语作表语 副词作表语 动词不定式作表语 动名词作表语 从句作表语,即：表语从句 留意：在下面的句子中,形容词作表语,在表语的后面经常接不定式结构；i m happy to meet you. they are willing to help. we are determined to follow his example. 主语 动词：在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组；在有的句子中,不及物动词可名师归纳总结 以有状语修饰；第 6 页,共 11 页1.the sun

34、is rising. 2. ill try.3. did you sleep well？well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep 4. the engine broke down. 留意：在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态；1.the book sells well.2. the window wont shut. 3. the pen writes smoothly.4. cheese cuts easily. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 主语 动词 宾语：优秀资料欢迎下载！在此句型中,动词为及物动

35、词,划线部分为宾语；？ 名词或代词作宾语 2.i can t express 反身代词作宾语 同源宾语 4. we cant afford 不定式作宾语 动名词作宾语 从句作宾语,即：宾语从句留意：并不是全部的及物动词都可以接上述各种情形作宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,肯定要把握其用法；主语 动词 宾语 宾语：在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习中遇到 时,要牢记；后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中,间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语 在后,一般表物；这类句型有三种情形；第一种情形,间接宾语可以改为由 to 引导的短语；1. he hand

36、ed me a letter. he handed a letter to me. 2. she gave me her telephone number. she gave her telephone number to me. 其次种情形,间接宾语可以改为由 for 引导的短语；3. she sang us a folk song.she sang a folk for us. 4. she cooked us a delicious meal.she cooked a delicious meal for us. 第三种情形,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当；5. tell him im ou

37、t.？6. can you inform me where miss green lives主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语：在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多；后面 的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情形的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语；这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,由于复合宾语的构成内容较多；下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语；形容词作宾补 名词作宾补 介词短语作宾补 副词作宾补 ？ 不定式作宾补 作宾补 不定式的完成式作宾补 不定式的进行式作宾补 不带 to 的不定式作宾补 现在分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补 留意：在这个结构中,可以显现用 it 作形式上的宾语

38、,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面；在此结构中,宾语经常是动词不定式或宾语从句；1.he felt it his duty to mention this to her. to mention this to her是真分析： it是形式宾语, his duty是宾语补足语,正的宾语；2.i think it best that you should stay with us. that you should stay with us是分析： it是形式宾语, best是宾语补足语,真正的宾语；3.there be句型是一种特别的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“ 有.”谓语动词和主语保持一样：

39、there is a television in the sitting room. 有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一样：there are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. 主语的后面有时有修饰语：there are a lot of difficulties facing us. there were many things to be done此处也可以使用to do. 谓语动词be 可以有时态的变化:there will be a concert in the park tonight. there was little

40、change in him. 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语；there used to be a cinema here. there seems to be something the matter with her. 名师归纳总结 is there going to be any activity tonight？there；第 7 页,共 11 页there be句式变疑问句,把be 提前；变反意疑问句也要借助- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - is there any hope of getting the job优秀资料欢迎下载！？ther

41、e is nothing wrong with your watch,is there？用于非谓语的情形下,有时用不定式的复合结构 there to be 或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构 there being：you wouldn t want there to be another war. 不定式的复合结构 the teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. 动名词的复合结构 there being nothing else to do,we went home. 独立主格结构 （三）并列句的分

42、类并列句基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简洁句构成；两个简洁句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词, 只在两个简洁句之间用一逗号或分号；1 、表示连接两个同等概念,常用 and, not only but also , neither nor , then 等连接； e. g. the teachers name is smith, and the students name is john. 2 、表示挑选,常用的连词有 or, either or , otherwise 等； e. g. hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3 、表

43、示转折,常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等； e. g. he was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4 、表示因果关系,常用的连词有 so, for, thereforethe time of the year for rice harvest, so every day i work from dawn until dark. 主从复合句：等； e. g.

44、august is 1 、概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成；主句为句子的主体 , 从句只用作句子的一个次要成分 , 不能独立成为一个句子；从句通常由关联词引导 , 并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起；2 、分类：从句按其在复合句中的作用 定语从句和状语从句等；, 分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：判定以下句子是简洁句、并列句仍是复合 句：句子成分 members of sentences （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分；句子成分有主要成分和次 要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语；（二）主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首；但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面；主语可