2022年大学英语--图表作文--写作方法--和--模板.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载图表作文（一）第一节 图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文；表作文表格 Table可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较；表格常由标题 Title 、表头 Boxhead表格的第一行 、侧目 Stub表格左边的第一列和主体 Body 部分 表格的其余部分等部分组成；如下表：用表格表达的信息详细精确,而且表格中的各项均按肯定规律排列；阅读表格时要留意找 出表格中各个项目的相互关系,表格中各个项目的变化规律；例如,上面的表格中的数字说明,和 1978 年相比, 1983 年高校入学的人数在增加,而学校的入学人数在削减；

2、搞清晰这些变化 规律也就读懂了表格的内容；图作文 图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文；1 圆形图作文 圆形图 Pie chart也称为饼状图或圆面分割图；圆形图由于比较形象和直观,各部分空间大 小差别简洁辨论,所以常用来表示总量和各重量之间的百分比关系；整个圆表示总量,楔形块 表示重量；有时圆形图仍有数值表,两者结合可把各重量表示得更精确、清晰；例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart,

3、 the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four es

4、sentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure. 2 曲线图作文 曲线图 Line graph 也称为线性图或坐标图；曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的进展过 程和趋势；一般来说,曲线所出现的外形比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义；曲线图有横轴 和纵轴；一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,然后再看纵轴所显示的意义；同时必需找出线 条所反映的最高或最低的变化；例如：这个曲线图的横轴代表 1990 年的不同的月份,

5、 纵轴代表交通事故的数量；从交通事故曲线 图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降；曲线图在八月份升到了最高点 39,此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点 的趋势；3 条形图作文16 ；可见, 1990 年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降条形图 Bar graph也称为立柱图或圆柱图；条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量；当要比较几个项目或量时,常用不同颜色来区分；条形图主要用来表示：1同一项目在不同时间的量 ;2同一时间不同项目的量；阅读条形图时,要先看图例,再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量,每一个刻度所代表的值是多少,最终找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系；例如：左边的条

6、形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命Life Expectancy ,这一条形图想要表达的是同一项目 期望寿命 在不同时间的量；右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间,纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率 Infant Mortality ,这一条形图想要表达的也是同一项目婴儿的死亡率 在不同时间名师归纳总结 的量；左边的条形图说明1990 年的人均期望寿命比1960 年的人均期望寿命长20 岁,而 1990第 1 页,共 19 页年的婴儿死亡率比1960 年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 其次节图表作文的出题形式精品资料欢迎下载例 1 题目：

7、Changes in Peoples Diet Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to : 1. state the changes in people饮食 in the past five years; 2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions. You shoul

8、d quote as few figures as possible. 例 2 题目： Car Accidents Declining in Walton CityRemember that your composition must be written according to the following outline; 1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph; 2. Possible reasons for the decline of car accidents in the ci

9、ty; 3. Your predictions of what will happen this year. Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible. 例 3 For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be n

10、o less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions given in Chinese: 1. 以下图为依据描述进展中国家的期望寿命 的变化情形 2. 说明引起变化的各种缘由life expectancy 和婴儿死亡率 infant mortality从以上例子可见, 图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时仍用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们：1用文字描述图表,客观说明图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势 ; 2就图

11、表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其缘由或后果；第三节 图表作文的写作要领 图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的详细数据的说明、分析、比较,对 某种事物或现象的事实或变化情形等加以说明,并提出结论或看法；因此,图表作文常常采纳 谈论文体的写作方法；写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所供应的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用精确流 畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法；图表作文的写作步骤 写图表作文时,要留意遵循以下步骤：1仔细分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系 ; 2确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,挑选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据 ; 3编

12、列文章的提纲 ; 4依据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各个段落组成文章,留意段与 段之间的连接与过渡 ; 5检查与修改；图表作文的篇章结构名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载写图表作文时, 常采纳三段式的谋篇方式；文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息；其次段分析造成这一问题或趋势的缘由；第三段就展望将来的情形或提出解决问题的方法或建议；这一结构可以简洁地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想其次段：分析产生的缘由第三段：展望将来或提出方法或建议

13、图表作文常用的句型1常用的开篇句型 即概述图表内容常常用的表达法 According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 依据该表 /图,我们可知 The table/graph reveals shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out that 该表/图说明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown illustr

14、ated/indicated in the pie chart 如表/图所示, 2 描述增减变化常用的句型名师归纳总结 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of 第 3 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very

15、 slight small/slow/gradual rise/increase in 1990.There was a very steady marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic drop decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction in 1998/ compared with that of last year. 下面是依据例 2 的题目要求写的范文；From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated duri

16、ng the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably , and eventually dropped to the lowest

17、 point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car acci dent in Walton city declined in 1990.主题句 /概述表格反映的内容 5反映交通事故的变化情形 6小结：总结表格数据反 映的总趋势There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-

18、conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration

19、 made great efforts to heighten people s awareness of observing traffic rules.主题句缘由/措施一说明措施一/次要帮助采取措施一后的结果缘由/措施二缘由 /措施三With all these new measures, I falling this year. 总结：展望将来的情形第四节、图表作文练习及其参考范文m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on 下面是写作练习,在写作的过程中留意审题,考虑文章的结构、采纳的扩展方法、开头的 结尾的方法以

20、及文章中的过渡等；练习 1：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in People Diet. Study the followingtable carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to: 1. state the cha

21、nges in people饮食 in the past five years; 2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions. You should quote as few figures as possible. As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table, we can find that grain, formerl

22、y the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly. What has caused these changes. There are mainly three reasons

23、主题句 . 6 First, people are much wealthier than before. 7 With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. 8 Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. 9 Lack of certain 名师归纳总结 amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. 10 Finally,

24、 owing to the economic 第 4 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities. 11 Although milk and meat are important to ones health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. 12

25、Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health. 图表作文（二）一、图表作文写作常识 1、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图： pie chart 直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图： line chart / curve diagram 表格图

26、： table 流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图： processing/procedures diagram 2、常用的描述用法 The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）According to the table/chart diagram/graph As （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures ,figures/statistics

27、 shows （that） It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures （ that） table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how 3、图表中的数据（Data ）详细表达法

28、数据（ Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 连续变化的 data 在不怜悯形下：增加： increase / raise / rise / go up 削减： decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波动： fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave 稳固： remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的两种表达法：动词 +副词形式（ Verb+Adverb form ）形容词 +名词形式（ Adjective

29、+Noun form ）二、相关常用词组 1、主章开头 图表类型： table、chart、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph 描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载内容： figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion 2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapi

30、dly 快速的,飞速的,险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的,生动的significant/significantly有意义的,重大的,重要的sharp/sharply 锋利的,明显的,急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的,坚决不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的,逐步的slow/slowly 缓慢的,不活跃的slight/slightly 稍微的、略微地stable/stably 稳固的3、其它在描述中的常用到的词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势d

31、uring the same period 在同一时期grow/grew distribute unequally增长 分布,区分 不相等地in the case of adv. 在 的情形下in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在 方面in contrast 相反,大不相同government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规率measure n.尺寸,方法,措施 v.估量,调剂forecast n.先见,预见 v.猜测三、英语图表写作套句精选名师归纳总结 1.the table shows the changes in th

32、e number of over the period from to 第 6 页,共 19 页该表格描述了在 年之 年间 数量的变化；2.the bar chart illustrates that 该柱状图展现了 3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding 该图为我们供应了有关 好玩数据；4.the diagram shows （that） 该图向我们展现了 5.the pie graph depicts （that） 该圆形图揭示了 6.this is a cure graph which describes the tren

33、d of这个曲线图描述了 的趋势；7.the figures/statistics show （that） 数据（字）说明 8.the tree diagram reveals how 该树型图向我们揭示了如何 9.the data/statistics show （that） 该数据（字）可以这样懂得 10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that 这些数据资料令我们得出结论 11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table如

34、下列图 12.according to the chart/figures 依据这些表（数字） 13.as is shown in the table 如表格所示 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载14.as can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken place in 从图中可以看出, 发生了庞大变化；15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure ,we can see clearly thatchart that 从图表我们可以很清晰（

35、明显）看到 or it is clear/apparent from the 16.this is a graph which illustrates 这个图表向我们展现了 17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from to 该表格描述了 年到 年间 a 与 b 的比例关系；18.the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in 该图以圆形图形式描述了 总的趋势；19.this is a column chart showing 这是个柱型图,描述

36、了 20.as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the fluc tuation of 如下列图,两条曲线描述了 的波动情形；21.over the period from to the remained level. 在 至 期间, 基本不变；22.in the year between and 在 年到 期间 23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998 1995 年至 1998 三年里 24.from then on/from this time onwards 从那时起

37、25.the number of remained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）； 月（年）至 月（年） 的数量基本不变；26.the number sharply went up to 数字急剧上升至 27.the percentage of stayed the same between and 至 期间 的比率维护不变；28.the figures peaked at in（month/year） 的数目在 月（年）达到顶点,为 29.the percentage remained steady at 比率维护在 30.t

38、he percentage of is s lightly larger/smaller than that of 比例比 的比例略高（低）；31.there is not a great deal of difference between and 与 的区分不大；32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of 该图表说明 的数目增长了三倍；33 decreased year by year while increased steadily. 逐年削减,而 逐步上升；34.the situation reached a pea

39、k（a high point at ） of%. 的情形（局势）到达顶（高）点,为 百分点； 达究竟部；35.the figures/situation bottomed out in 数字（情形）在36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 数字（情形）达究竟部（低谷）；37.a is times as much/many as b. a 是 b 的 倍；38.a increased by a 增长了 39.a increased to a 增长到 40.high/low/great/small/ percentag

40、e. 比低高（低）41.there is an upward trend in the number of 数字呈上升趋势；42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from 43.from to the rate of decrease slow down. to 到 发生急剧上升；从 到 ,下降速率减慢；44.from this year on ,there was a gradual declinel reduction in the,reaching a figure of 从这年起, 逐步下降至 名师归纳总结 45.be similar

41、 to 与 相像 and 第 7 页,共 19 页46.be the same as 与 相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences between- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 与 之间有很多相像（不同）之处48.a has something in common with ba 于 b 有共同之处； 49.the difference between a and b lies in a 与 b 之间的差别在于50 （year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise

42、in 开头段转述题目常用句型 年 急剧上升The line graph describes/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ shows 后面跟名词或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from 后面跟图表的类型It can be seen from 后面跟图表的类型 that It is manifest from 后面跟图表的类型 that 表示上升的动词Go upwent up /riserose/ growgrew/ incre

43、aseincreased/ ascendascended , 其中rise 和 increase 也常常作名词 , grow-growth 表示急剧上升的动词Jumpjumped/ surgesurged/shoot up shot up/ soarsoared 其中 surge 也可以做名词表示下降的动词Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 做名词表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/ plunge 表示速度快的形容词其中 decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease 也常常Sharp/ dramatic/ drast

44、ic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副词加-ly 表示幅度大的形容词Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加-ly 表示缓慢 ,逐步的形容词 Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副词加-ly 表示小幅度的形容词 Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加-ly 表示波动的动词 Fluctuate, 不及物动词 ,名词 fluctuation 表示稳固在一个水平上的动词 Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at