2022年高考英语语法知识汇总第章助动词情态动词和虚拟语气.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思第十一章助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气1. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. 【05北京春】A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 2. You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour. 【 04 全国】 A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may

2、not3. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police. 【04 全国】A. should B. may C. will D. can 4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. 【04 全国】A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 5.-Tom graduate

3、d from college at a very young age. -Oh, he _have been a very smart boy then. 【04 全国】A. could B. should C. might D. must 6. - I dont mind telling you what I know. - You . Im not asking you for it. 【04 江苏】A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt7. I _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will

4、 have time this Sunday. 【04浙江卷】 A. should B. might C. would D. could 8. - Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. 【04 湖南卷】 A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 9. No, I m afraid he isnt in. This is his secretary speaki

5、ng. Can I help you. - _.【04广东卷】A. Oh, you will. B. Oh, thats a pity. C. I should think so. D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you. 10I ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. 【04 福建卷】Aought to tell Bwould have told Cmust tell Dshould have told 11 Maybe you have been to many

6、 countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful palace. 【04 辽宁卷】Acan you find Byou could find Cyou can find Dcould you find 12 Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. I go out and play with Tom for a while. No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. t【04 辽宁卷】ACant BWouldnt CMay not DW

7、on13. Who is the girl standing over there. Well, if you know, her name is Mabel. 【04 天津卷】A. may B. can C. must D. shall 14. “ The interest_ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, ” declared the judge. 【04重庆卷】A. may B. should C. must D. shall 名师归纳总结 15. Children un

8、der 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when 第 1 页,共 18 页in a public library. 【04 上海卷】- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A. must B. may C. can D. need 16. - Isnt that Anns husband over there. - No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. 【04 全国】A.

9、cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 17. A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. B【NMET2003】 C must D will Ashould can 18How you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article . 【2003上海】Acan Bm

10、ust Cneed Dmay 19. Is John coming by train. 【NMET2002】 He should, but he _not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 20.It has been announced that candidates_remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 【 2002上海】A. can B. will C. may D. shall 21.It is hard for me

11、 to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. 【2002上海】A. wouldn t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall22.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. 【NMET2001】A. mustn t leave B. shouldnt

12、 have leftC. couldn t have left D. neednt leave23. - Are you coming to Jeffs party. 【NMET2000】 - Im not sure . I _go to the concert instead. Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight 24. Will you stay for lunch. 【NMET1999】 Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B.I cant C. I neednt D.I wont 25. -I

13、stayed at a hotel while in New York. 【NMET1998】-Oh, did you. You_ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 26. -When can I come for the photos. I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _be ready by 12:00. 【NMET1998】 A. can B. should C. might D. need 27. The fi

14、re spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out. 【NMET1997】A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 28. Johnny, you play with the knife, You _ hurt yourself. 【NMET1996】A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 29. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so

15、tired. 【NMET1996】A. drove, didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 30. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . 【NMET1995】 A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 31. -There were already five people in the

16、 car but they managed to take me as well. -It a comfortable journey. 【NMET1995】A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 32. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _be here at any moment. 【NMET1995】 A. must B. need C. should D. can 33. Shall I tell John about it. 【MET1994】No, you _ .

17、 Ive told him already. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 34. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. 【MET1994】A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought

18、to write it out 35. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ , she would have met my brother. 【MET1994】 B. did come C. came D. had come A. has come 【答案与解析】1. B 该题考查情态动词的用法；依据I have lost one of my gloves.得知是对过去事实的确定估计,所以用 must have done ；句意：我丢了一只手套,我确定是在某处掉了；2. C该题依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；后面说才能了一个小时,因

19、此是不行能累；表示可能性的否定句用 cant ；句意：你不行能累,你只干了一个小时；3. A 该题考查交际情形中情态动词的用法；should 在此表示责任或义务,意为：必需,应当；句意：我常常观察那座空房子里有灯光；你认为我该报告警察吗？4. A 该题考查交际情形中情态动词的用法；关键词he didnt show up,说明怀特先生该来而没来；选 A. should have arrived表示该做但未做；句意：怀特先生应当8:30 开会；但是他仍没露面；5. B 该题依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；第一句话：汤姆年龄很小就高校毕业；其次句话：啊,他确定是个很聪慧的孩子；依据第一句话得知其次句

20、话是一个对过去事实的确定的估计因此选 择 D. must ；6D 该题依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；该题的关键是 Im not asking you for it. 既然没问,D；句意：“ 我不介意告知你我知道的一切；” “ 你没必要；我没问你这 就没必要说；因此挑选 件事；” 7. A 该题依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；依据but后面的句子“ 我不敢确定本周日是否有时间” ,说明前面是应当去,应选 时间；A；句意：我该去拜望特蕾西,但是我不敢确定本周日我是否有8.A 该题考查情态动词的用法；shall用于陈述句其次、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等 , 主语的行动受讲话者支

21、配；句意：“ 对不起,我想用一下你的电脑打份报告；” “ 如 果你不当心使用的话,你不得使用我的电脑；”9. C该题依据交际情形考查情态动词；should 用于第一人称时表示某种条件下会产生的结果,意为：该；句意：“ 不,唯恐他不在；我是他的秘书,你需要帮忙么？” “ 我想该这样；”10 D 该题依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；should/ought to have done表示该做而未做的事；句意：“ 我明天要告知玛丽有关她的新工作的事；” “ 你应当上周告知她；”11 A 该题依据交际情形考查倒装句的用法；词倒装；该题表示现在的时态,应选 的地方；Nowhere 是否定副词放句首,要求主

22、语谓语借助于助动 A；句意：可能你去过许多国家,但是你再也找不到如此美12 A 该题依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；据题意,此处是表示恳求答应,应选 A；句意：“ 妈妈,我从 8 点就学英语；我莫非不能出去和汤姆玩一会吗？” “ 是的,唯恐不行；仍有,现在外面正下雨呢；”13. C该题依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；据题意和说话者的不耐烦的语气得知应当选C. must表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦,意为：偏要 你偏要知道,她名叫梅布尔；”；句意：“ 站在那里的姑娘是谁？” “ 啊,假如14. D 该题是依据交际情形考查情态动词的用法；shall 用于第三人称 , 在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义

23、务或规定 , 意为：应 , 必需；句意：法官宣布 : “ 依据双方达成的协议,息金应当分成五份；”15. A 考查情态动词的用法； must“ 表示职责或义务上的要求” ,意为：必需,应当；句意：“ 在那个国家, 12 岁以下的孩子在图书馆必需在成年人的监护之下；”16. A 该题是考查情态动词的用法；依据交际情形此处是表示可能性,用于否定句中一般用cant ；句意：“ 莫非那个安的丈夫不在那里？” “ 不,不行能是他；我确定他不戴眼镜；”17. B 该题考查在特定语言环境中情态动词的用法；据题意：行李寄存处特殊是在火车站短时间存放名师归纳总结 包的地方； 该题中情态动词can 表示许可, s

24、hould 意为：应当； must 表示必需； will表示意愿；第 3 页,共 18 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思应选 B；18.A 考查情态动词的用法,Can 在此句中是用来表示某种不满的心情,意思为“ 你怎么能够说 ” 句意：假如你只读了这篇文章的一部分,你怎么能说你真正懂得了整个故事呢？19. D 该题考查情态动词的用法；“He likes driving his car.” 是题目的关键,由此可推知他有可能不乘坐火车,may表示可能,符合原句的上下文意思；20.D 考查情态动词的用法；shall

25、用于二、三人称,要重读,不行缩写,表示意图、意志、承诺、命令或必定结果等；意为：必需,应,可；句意：据宣布,考生在收卷前必需坐在自己的座位上；21.B 考查虚拟语气,在宾语从句是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句,其中主句表达的是与现在事实相反的假设,从句就表示的是与过去事实相反的假设,因此B 为正确答案；句意：假如我不在七岁的时候就沉迷上我们家乡的 he Melinda Cox 图书馆,我真不能想象我今日会做什么；22. B 该题考查与情态动词 shouldn t have done 的用法； shouldn t have done 表示不该做而做了；从句意判定你不该一句话不说就走了,应选 s

26、houldn t have done 结构；couldnt have left意为：不行能离开；题意：你真急死我了；你不该一句话也不说就离开家；23. D 该题考查情态动词的用法；应答语中的 I m not sure. 我不能确定 ,打算了下句不是很确定的估计,因此用 might 意思为：“ 可能,或许” ；must must+be/have 等表示状态的动词 语气最强,意为“ 肯定,想必,准是” ；should 接近 ought to,意为：“ 应当会,想必会” ,推断往往是对别人或别的事进行的；句意：“ 你来参与 Jeff 的聚会吗？” “ 我不敢确定,我可能去参与音乐会；”24. B 该

27、题考查情态动词的用法；据题意：“ 你留下来吃午饭好吗？” “ 对不起,我不能（留下来吃午饭）,我兄弟要来看我；” 该题的关键是：My brother is coming to see me.据此应用 I cant 用来表示“ 不能” ； mustnt 表示禁止, neednt 意思是没必要, wont 将不,虽然用 Will来提问,据题意不能用 wont 来回答；25. A 该题考查情态动词不定式完成时的用法；情态动词不定式完成时表示对过去发生的事的推测和判定；对话双方一位说在纽约时住旅社,另一位听了颇感惊讶（Oh, did you.）说,“ 你本可住 Barbara 处” ,而他没有住那儿,

28、这要用“could+ 完成式不定式” 来表示；句意：“ 我在纽约住在一家旅社；” “ 是吗？你本可与巴巴拉住在一起的；”26. B 该题考查情态动词的用法,问句中顾客发出询问,问什么时候能取照片,明天要用；回答时 A、B、C项似均可；但 A 项过于直白确定,没留退路； C 项作答案不妥,might 表示可能性用于现在时,表示对所推断的事情把握不大,本句中如使用 might, 会使顾客很扫兴；选 B 项 should ,表示大致的估计,既回答了顾客的询问,不失礼貌,又为照片有可能尚未洗好,为顾客到时取不到留下回旋的余地；用词经过认真推敲表达了店主的精明；句意：“ 我什么时候能取照片？明天 12

29、点前要用；” “ 明天 12 点前应当能冲好；”27. D 该题考查情态动词的用法；句中连接词but 表示转折,由此推理“ 大火虽然扩散很快,大家仍是逃了出来；” ,空白处为 was able to ,在确定句中当某人具有某种才能而又使用了这种才能胜利地做了某事用 was/were able to 而不用 could ；句意：“ 虽然大火扩散很快,使旅社烧起来,但大家仍是逃了出来” ；28.B 该题考查情态动词的用法；第一个空格处填 mustnt 用于表达“ 禁止” 、“ 禁止” 的口吻；第二个空格处用 may 表示“ 估计” ,意思是“ 你可能会伤了自己” ；句意：“ 杰克,你不许拿这刀子玩

30、,那会伤着你；”29.D 该题考查与过去相反的虚假条件句的用法；从 You didn t let me drive. 可以看出是对过去的描述,依据与过去相反的虚假条件句结构,条件状语从句应用过去完成时态 , 主句中用would/should/might/could have done 的结构；应选 D；句意：你没让我开车；假如我们轮番驾驶,你就不会感到这样疲惫了；30. C 该题考查由as if 引导的让步状语从句和被动语态的用法；由as if 引导的让步状语从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,与现在相反的情形用过去时态；与过去相反的情形用过去完成时态；第一句话用了一般现在时态,因此 as if 引导

31、的让步状语从句的谓语动词应用过去时态,pencil 是 break 动作的承担者应用被动语态；句意：当你把一支铅笔的部分放在玻璃杯中,看上去她似乎是折断的；31.D 该题考查情态动词的时态及其辨析；从第一句用了过去时态来判定,这是表示对过去事实的推测；“ 情态动词不定式完成式” 用来表示对“ 过去已发生行为” 的估计；在否定句中,用名师归纳总结 cant 或 couldn t have done,所以此题正确答案为D；句意：“ 车上原来已经有五人,但他第 4 页,共 18 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思们仍是

32、设法把我也带上 . ”“ 那次旅行不行能舒适” ；32.C 该题考查情态动词的用法；依据关键词at any moment 可判定此题情态动词应表示,“ 可能性、估计、推论” ,惟should 可表示“ 推论” ,译为“ 可能, 该” ,所以选C；题意：“ 现在快要七点了,杰克随时会到；33.A 该题考查情态动词的用法；依据“I ve told him already” ,所供应的信息来判定,没必要告知约翰这件事了,应选 neednt ,neednt ha ve done 表示没必要做而做了；句意：“ 咱们把这件事告知 John 怎么样？”“ 你不必了；我已经把这件事告知他了；”34. C 该题

33、考查与情态动词 should have done 的用法；从句意判定本应给她写出来而没给她写,故用 should have done 结构；句意：我和萨丽说了怎样来这里,或许我应当给她写清晰；35. D 该题考查与过去相反的虚假条件句的用法；从 I didn t see your sister 可以看出是对过去的描述,依据与过去相反的虚假条件句结构,应用过去完成时态；句意：我在会上没观察你姐姐；假如她来了,他会见到我弟弟的；其次节 考点归纳不同的时态（一般式、进形式、完成式、将来式）陈述、虚拟） ,不同的结构（确定、否定、疑问）,不同的语态（主动、被动） ,不同的语气（祈使、,以及说话者本身的

34、态度或刊发（命令、恳求、愿望、可能等） ,全部这些都要借助于助动词和情态动词表达出来；助动词一般没有词意,不能单独 作谓语动词,除非省略句中；他们只参与时态、语态、语气或否定、疑问结构；情态动词有词义,可以用来表示说话者的语气和态度；主要的助动词和情态动词如下表：助动词情态动词）will, would beam, is, are, was, were, being, been can, could, be able to havehas, had , having may might shall, willshould, would shall, should, （ought todo doe

35、s, did dare, need, must 一、助动词 助动词的主要用法助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词；其作用在于帮忙构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等；（一）助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法1、 be 后跟现在分词构成进行时态；Who is playing the violin.谁在拉小提琴？2、be 后跟过去分词构成被动语态；He was asked to do the work. 有人要他干这件工作；3、be 后跟不定式作谓语,有如下几种情形：表示方案、支配将要发生的事；表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止；表示义务、责任等,同

36、should ；用来表示命运或注定等；Im to have supper with John this afternoon. 今日下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭；You are not to enter the room without permission. 未经答应你不能进入房间；What is to be done. 该干什么；He was to regret the decision. 他有一天会懊悔做出这一打算的；（二）助动词 havehas, had, having 的用法1、助动词 have 可以构成完成时或完成进行时He has been a doctor for 10 years.

37、 他当医生十年了；2、和不定式构成谓语,表示客观上不得不做的事情；-Do we missed the train. 我们得立刻工作吗？-No. We dont have to不,不必了；3、dodoes, did 的用法（ 1）构成疑问句或否定句How did you know about it. 你是怎样知道这件事的；He does not smoke. 他不抽烟；（ 2）用于确定句中加强语气,意为：真的、的确、务必；He did tell that. 他的确告知了此事；Do come and see us. 肯定来看我们；（ 3）代替前面刚显现的动词,防止重复；名师归纳总结 - - - -

38、 - - -第 5 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思-You like popular music, dont you. 你喜爱流行音乐,是吧？-Yes , I do . 是的,我喜爱；does . 他讲法语和她讲的一样流利；He speaks French as fluently as she （ 4）用于倒装句中；Never did he pay attention to my words. 他从不留意我的话；Only then did I understand the importance of English. 只

39、是那时,我才明白到英语的重要；（5）构成否定的祈使句；Dont be so careless. 不要那么马虎；Dont you do that again. 以后不要再做那样的事；4、shallshould 和 willwould 的用法（1）shallshould 用于第一人称的将来时中,单纯表示将来I shall think it over. 我要好好考虑一下；I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打电话告知她我要去伦敦；（2）will 只用于其次、第三人称的将来时态中You will have an English

40、test tomorrow. 明天你有英语小测验；He wanted to know when you would finish the writing. 他想知道你何时完成写作；二、情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“ 可能、应当、必要” 等等,但本身意义不完全,不能单独作谓语,必需和其他动词一起构成谓语；除 ought, used, have 后跟不定式外,其他情态动词一律跟动词原形；情态动词主要有：can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, h

41、ave to 等；（一）情态动词的特点（ 1）没有人称和数的变化；（ 2）大部分情态动词有过去式：（ 3）少部分情态动词没过去式或者说过去式与原形相,used to 只有过去式形式；（ 4）大多数情态动词后面仍可跟动词的进行时、完成时和被动式形式：（二）情态动词表示可能与估计情态动词确定式否定式疑问式教你must 必定、必定/ / 巧学will 很可能、大致不会、不该会 吗？巧记 : would 可能性比 will小语气比 wont 弱语气比 will弱巧记should 确定或可能有的或期望/ / 表ought to 总应当、理应（含义同should ）/ / “ 推can / 不行能有可能吗

42、？测”could 可以的可能不行能语气比 can 弱的情may 或许、或许、也未可知、也说不定可能不/ 态动might 比 may弱比 may not 弱/ 词用法表“ 估计” 时,情态动词可用 can,could,may,might,must；must 表“ 肯定” ,只用于确定句,其否定形式要用 cant;maymight 表“ 或许” ,可能性较小,不用于疑问句；can 表“ 可能” ,不用于确定句；为便利记忆,可用一句话来记忆,即：肯can 不愿？妹 may 不问,妈妈 must 确定不否问；“ 肯 can 不愿” 即 can 不用于确定句；“ 妹 may 不问”即 may不用于疑问句；“ 妈妈 must确定不否问”即 must 只用于确定句 , 而不用于否定句和疑问句中；（三）“ 情态动词 +have done” 用法一览表情态动词 +have 用法例句done 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思must have done 表示对过去动作的确定估计