2022年人教版2019届高考历史一轮复习知识归纳：古代中国的政治制度 .pdf

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1、第 1 页 共 10 页古代中国的政治制度一、西周时期的政治制度1、分封制、目的：为了进行有效的统治,巩固奴隶主国家政权。、分封的对象：王族、功臣、先代贵族；、诸侯的权利和义务：、服从周天子的命令、为周天子镇守疆土、随从作战、交纳贡赋和朝觐述职、在自己的封疆内对卿大夫实行再分封。、分封制的作用：加强周天子对地方的统治，有利于稳定当时的政治秩序；有利于周朝开发边远地区，扩大统治区域；.但后来出现了诸侯争霸战争，周天子的权威逐渐削弱，分封制逐渐瓦解，后被郡县制所取代。（春秋战国时期）2、宗法制：、宗法制的基本内容：、宗法制的核心是嫡长子继承制。、确立了严格的大宗、小宗体系。、由血缘关系的亲疏，形成

2、森严的“周天子诸侯卿大夫士”的等级制度。第 2 页 共 10 页、特点：嫡长子继承制（大宗、小宗）。、在政治制度方面的体现：分封制(互为表里)。、实质：按照血缘宗族关系分配政治权力，维护政治联系。、影响：稳固秩序，防止争夺；巩固分封制；宗法观念成为传统思想内容之一。拓展：宗法关系有利于凝聚宗族，强化王权，把“国”和“家”密切结合在一起，形成了等级森严的宗族网，宗法制保证了贵族在政治上的垄断和特权地位，也有利于统治集团内部的稳定和团结。】3、西周时期政治制度的特点：、形成完备的分封制、宗法制，互为表里维护统治。、族权与政权的合二为一，以宗法制为核心，带有浓厚的部族色彩。、以血缘关系为纽带形成国家

3、政治结构。、最高决策集团尚未形成权力的高度集中。【拓展】、分封制和宗法制的关系及对西周统治的作用、关系：宗法制和分封制互为表里，相辅相成。宗法制维系了分封制，分封制是宗法制在政治上的表现。宗法制是分封制的内核和纽带。、作用：分封制和宗法制互为表里，既防止贵族之间因为权力的继承问题发生纷争，又保证了贵族在政治上的垄断和特权地位，维护贵族统治集团内部的稳定与团结。文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8

4、G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y

5、7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1

6、B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9

7、D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD

8、7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6

9、T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2

10、A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8第 3 页 共 10 页既强化中央控制能力，又促进地方之间的联系。、宗法制对我国社会有什么深远影响？消极：成为数千年封建统治者享受特权的凭借，传宗接代，重男轻女的思想，任人唯亲，裙带关系积极：它形成了认祖归宗的思想，构成了中华民族强大的凝聚力，孝顺长辈、恪守孝道分封制和宗法制的不同分封制宗法制不同点含义又称封邦建国，是在保证周王室强大的条件下，将宗族姻亲和功臣分派到各地，广建封国的制度宗法制是通过血缘宗族关系来分配政治权力，维护政治统治的目的巩固周王室的统治巩固分封形成的统治秩序；最终以保证王权的

11、稳定特点周王高高在上，邦国臣属于周王，进而分封属下，构成等级秩序。邦国有同姓、异性之分。周王与封国通过一系列权利义务关系联系在一起。以嫡长子继承制为核心，确立起严格的大宗小宗体系，两者既是家族等级之分，又是政治隶属关系。文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N1

12、0C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2

13、A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O

14、9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5

15、N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8

16、G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y

17、7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8第 4 页 共 10 页作用巩固和扩大了西周

18、的疆域，传播中原地区先进的文化，带动了边远地区的进步。但到西周后期，分封制逐步失去原有作用，逐渐出现诸侯割据局面。有利于凝聚宗族，防止内部纷争，保证贵族在政治上的垄断和特权地位，利于统治集团内部的稳定和团结，强化皇权关系两者是西周政治制度的两大支柱，互为表里。分封制是建立在宗法制基础上的，宗法制在政治制度上的表现就是分封制，保证了分封制的顺利推行和稳定实施。二、秦朝中央集权制度的形成1、中央集权制度（1）、皇帝制度、特点：皇帝天下独尊，皇权至高无上。、表现：A、集行政、司法权和军事指挥权于一身。B、国家的法律、政策都决定于皇帝一人意志。C、君主主宰国家政治，而没有其他任何力量可以对他有所制约。

19、、影响：A、君主的权力具有独断性和随意性，影响着政治决策、立法、行政和司法。B、国家是一个人的国家，政治是一个人的政治。、历代官僚体制的基本原则：维护皇权，服务于皇帝。（2）、秦朝的中央机构三公九卿制文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D

20、8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7

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24、D7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM

25、6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8第 5 页 共 10 页、官职设置：最高官三个：丞相（帮助皇帝处

26、理全国政事，受御史大夫牵制）；御史大夫（监察百官）；太尉（负责全国军务，但秦始皇末任命，自掌军权）。丞相之下又设诸卿，如：宗正（管理皇族和外戚）；廷尉（管理刑狱、司法）、特点：三公之间分工明确，互相牵制，大权最后集中在皇帝手中。、作用：军国大权完全操纵在皇帝一人之物，形成一套以皇权为中心的行政体制。【拓展：丞相、御史大夫与诸卿以朝议的方式讨论国家军政要务，成为皇帝裁决的依据；大臣议政，可以集思广益，可以减少君主专制制度下决策失误的有效途径。但是秦始皇晚年，推行极端的君主专制，朝廷大臣参与议政的制度遭到破坏。】（3）、郡县制、实行原因：建立中央集权制度、巩固大一统。、郡县两级地方行政机构的职能郡

27、：设郡守（行政）、郡尉（军事）、监御史（监察）县：县尉（军事和治安），县丞（司法）、郡县制与分封制区别：郡县长官一概由皇帝任免调动，不得世袭。、作用：加强了中央对地方的控制专题纵横：秦朝郡县制与西周分封制的不同：文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3

28、ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档

29、编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F

30、7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C

31、3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8

32、文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z

33、8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8第 6 页 共 10 页西 周 分 封 制秦 朝 郡

34、 县 制实行条件与宗法制相联在国家大一统的条件下实行传承制度世袭官吏由皇帝任免调迁，不得世袭官吏权力拥有封地和相应的爵位官吏只有俸禄，无封地与中央关系诸侯国有很强的地方独立性郡县是地方行政机构，地方绝对服从中央职责范围封地内有行政权，拥有对土地的管理权辖区内只行使行政管理权，对土地无管理权历史作用西周分封制有利于稳定当时的政治秩序，但也容易发展为割据势力有利于中央集权的加强和国家的统一2、中央集权制度的影响（1）、秦朝这套从中央到地方的统治机构，确保了地主阶级对广大劳动人民的专制统治，标志着专制主；义中央集权制度的确立。奠定了中国两千多年封建社会政治制度的基本格局，为历朝所沿用，且不断得到加强

35、和完善。（2）、有利于封建经济文化的发展，对祖国疆域的初步奠定，巩固国家统一，以及形成以华夏族为主体的中华民族，都起了重文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9

36、D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD

37、7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6

38、T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2

39、A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:

40、CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 H

41、M6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8第 7 页 共 10 页要作用。（3）、秦朝的国力增强，形成中国历史上第一个统一的多民族的封建国家，成为当时世界大国。（4）、强化皇帝的专制权威

42、，激化阶级矛盾，秦朝短命而亡。三、汉到元政治制度的演变1、主要政治制度、汉朝郡国并行制汉初：在地方这继承秦朝的郡县制，同时又分封诸侯王国，郡国并行制（汉景帝、汉武帝逐步削弱王国势力）。郡设守，后称太守，王国设丞相，分别作为郡和王国的最高行政长官。、唐朝三省六部制、职能：三省：中书省掌决策（草拟颁发皇帝诏令）门下省掌审议（审核政令）尚书省（执行政令）。尚书省下设六部：吏部(官吏的任免和考核)、户部（户籍、土地和赋税）、礼部（礼仪、科举）、兵部（军政）、刑部（刑狱）、工部（国家工程建设）。、作用：相权一分为三，三省相互牵制和监督，保证了君权的独尊，是中国古代政治制度的重大创造。（补充：唐朝三省六部

43、制，分工明确又相互制约，提高了行政效率。）、元朝的行省制文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N1

44、0C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2

45、A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O

46、9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5

47、N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8

48、G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y

49、7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM6T1B5N10C3 ZZ2A9D8G2A8第 8 页 共 10 页、原因：元朝的统一，统一后幅员辽阔的疆域需要行之有效的管理。、内容：在地方设置行省，作为中书省的派出机构，行省之下设路、府或州、县，对边远民族地区设置宣慰司进行管理。、意义：加强了中央

50、集权，巩固了多民族国家的统一。行省制度是中国地方行政制度的重大变革，是中国省制的开端。2、汉到元政治制度的特点、在中央政权中，相权不断削弱，君权不断加强。、从地方来看是中央对地方的控制日益加强，中央集权，地方分权。四、明清君主专制制度的加强1、君主专制的加强、明朝废丞相设内阁、过程：废丞相，权归六部（明太祖时期）。明太祖时设殿阁大学士，作为侍从顾问。明成祖时内阁制度正式形成。【宰相制与内阁制比较：宰相，被制度赋予决策权，地位十分巩固；内阁，只是皇帝的咨询机构，无决策权，升降由皇帝决定，对皇权起不到制约作用】、影响：中国宰相制度从此被废除，君主专制制度达到新文档编码:CD7Y7O9Z8F7 HM