2022年高中英语必修知识点.docx

《2022年高中英语必修知识点.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语必修知识点.docx（24页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高二英语必修 5 学问点词汇：Unit 1: 1. put forward: 提出（方案、建议等） ；将 , 提前；把钟表拨快e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案；The match has been put forward to 1:30. 竞赛已经提前到一点半举办；Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快特别钟；【词语联想】. put away: 收起来；贮存,储蓄 . put down: 放下；写下,

2、登记 . put off: 推迟；延期 . put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧 . put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster: 张贴海报 put up a tent: 搭起帐篷 2. conclude: v. 作结论,肯定 e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪；conclusion: n. 结论【习惯用语】 draw a conclusion 作出结论3. defeat vt.打败 , 击

3、败 , 战胜；使期望 , 方案等 失败 , 挫败 ; 阻挡 , 使无效e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败；区分 : defeat, conquer, overcome , . defeat 指“ 赢得成功”, 特殊指“ 军事上的成功”e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人；. conquer 指“ 战胜” 、” 战胜”,特殊指“ 获得对人、物或感情的掌握”,如: e.g. conquer nature 战胜自然；overcome 指“ 战胜” 、“ 压倒” 、“ 克服” 尤指“ 感情” 而言 , 如: . e.g. overcome

4、 difficulties 克服困难；4. attend: v. 1 to be present at; go to meeting, conference, lecture. 出席；参与 e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他打算亲自赴会；2 to look after, care for, serve 照料；看护；e.g. Which doctor is attending to on you. 哪位医生护理你？3）to go with 相伴e.g. The work was attended with much difficult

5、y. 5. expose.to. 这项工作带来很多困难；e.g. Dont expose your skin to the sun for too long. 不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间；They had to be exposed to the enemys gunfire. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火；6. blame sb. for sth. 由于某事批评某人e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. be to blame: 应受

6、批评,应负责任Who is to blame for the mistake ？这个错误应归咎于谁？7. in addition: 除此之外,另外 , 意思相当于 besides, whats more e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元；In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 除了英语以外,他仍要学习其次外国语；区分 : in addition to, except, besides,beside . in addition to ：除 , 之外,仍有 , ,表

7、示递进关系；e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们供应带薪假期,仍有免费午餐；. except: 除 , 之外,表示在整体中排除,e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外 , 全部人都收到了请柬 . . besides 表示“ 除了 , 以外,仍有 , ”,与 in addition to 同义,e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film

8、. 王先生也去了；We all agreed besides him.我们都同意 , 他也同意；. beside : 在 , 旁边；表示方位；e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边；同义句转换1）He speaks French as well as English. e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English. 2 Apart from the salary, its not a bad job.s not a bad job.eg. In addition to/Except t

9、he salary, it8. announce: 公布；宣告e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的打算；9. absorb v. 1 吸取 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水；【习惯用语】2）用心于 be absorbed in sth: 用心的,全神贯注的The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事；10. challenge n.挑战 ; 挑战书 ; 邀请竞赛 ; 要求决斗vt. 向 .挑战 , 要求 , 怀疑; vi. 挑战 , 对证据等

10、表示异议e.g. meet the serious challenge 面对严肃挑战Unit 2: 1. consist of be made up of 由 , 组成 没有进行时）e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK. 2. 区分 : 名师归纳总结 . separate . from 把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分别出来）第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

11、 - . divide.into 把 , 分开（把整体分为如干部分）e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups. The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian. 3. debate about sth. e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days. debate /argue/ quarrel 4. clarify: vt./vi. cause sth. to become clear or easier to understand

12、 e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation. Can you clarify the question. 5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接【习惯用语】 link A to B 将 A 和 B 连接起来 6. refer to 1提及,指的是 ,澄清；阐明 ;清晰；明白e.g. When he said “some studentshink he was referring to us. 2 参考；查阅；询问 e.g. If you dont understand a w

13、ord you may refer to your dictionaries. Please refer to the last page of the book for answers. 3 关系到；关乎 e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you. This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 参考e.g. reference books 参考书7. to ones surprise prep “ to ones + 名词”表 “ 令某人 , ”常见的名词有“ delight, disappointme

14、nt, enjoyment, astonishment 等e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale. To Johns great relief they reached the house at last. 8. . found themselves united peacefully “ find + 宾语宾补 adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式） ”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found

15、smoking in the kitchen. Youll find him easy to get along with. They found themselves trapped by the bush fire. When I woke up, I found myself in hospital. I called on him yesterday, but I found him out. 9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做,. e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. g

16、et + n. + to do get + n. + doing Youll get her to agree. Ill get the car going. get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生,意为“ 被 ,.”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. 10. break away from sb / sth 脱离；破除, e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资

17、料 - - - - - - - - - The man broke away from his guards. break down 会谈 破裂,失败；汽车等 出故障； 人的健康状况变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning. His health broke down under the pressure of work. He broke down and wept when he heard the news. Talks between the two countries have complet

18、ely broken down. . break in 闯入；打岔 . break off 中断,折断 . break into 闯入 break out 爆发 ;发生 . . break up 驱散；分散,拆散 11. as well as 不仅 , 而且；既 , 又, e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer. The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street. 12. convenience: n.便利；便利 e.g. We bought th

19、is house for its convenience. convenient: adj. 13. attraction: 1. 吸引；引力 不行数n. 可数n. 2. 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；出色节目e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力 He cant resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day. A big city offers many and varied attractions. What are the principle attractions this evening. attract: v

20、. 14. influence 1 v. 对 , 产生影响 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching. 2可数 n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school. 3 不行数 n. 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils. Unit 3: 1. impression n. 印记；印象；感想；后接of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 从句； e.g. My fir

21、st impression of him was favourable. 他给我的第一印象不错；I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我觉得他们不满于当时的状况；学问拓展： impress v.给, 留下深刻的印象；使牢记；使感动；常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth. 给 , 留下深刻的印象；使牢记；It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字；2. remind v

22、. 提示；使想起；常用结构有 : remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事；remind sb.that/wh- 从句 提示某人 , ；使某人想起 , ；remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到, ；提示某人某事名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g. Im sorry, but Ive forgotten your name, can you remind me. 你能提示我一下吗？很愧疚,我记不起你的名字,You remind me of your father

23、when you say that. 你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲；学问拓展： reminder n.提示物；引起回忆的事物3. constantly adv.始终；始终；重复不断地e.g. Fashion is constantly changing. 时尚总是日新月异；学问拓展： constant adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4. previous adj. 从前的；以往的； （时间上）稍前的e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. 这一工作无需相关的体会；I couldnt believe it when I

24、heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day. 听到这个消息时,我不敢信任；我就在前一天仍见到过他；学问拓展： previously adv. 从前的；早先e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel. 这座楼房早先曾用作旅社；5. bend v.（ bent bent）弯曲；使弯曲； 弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有 : bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事； bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服 bend the truth 歪曲事实e.

25、g. Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不简洁；She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿；6. press v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促n. 报章杂志,新闻工作者,新闻界e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手绢捂住鼻子；She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板；He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍坚持索赔；T

26、he press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭审谢绝新闻采访；7. switch n. & v. 用作名词表示“ 开关；转换”；用作动词表示“ 转换”e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一个 孩子诞生后,她就由全日工作改为非全日工作；Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文 件之间进行切换

27、；I cant work next week, will you switch with me. 下个周末我不能上班,咱俩换个班好不好？8. lack n. & v. 用作名词,表示： “ 缺乏；短缺”；用作动词,表示： “ 缺乏；短缺；没有；不足” ；e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物 /金钱 /技能The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心；由于缺乏爱好这次旅行被取消了；学问拓展： lacking adj. 缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足9. sur

28、roundings n.pl. 环境； surround v. 环绕；环绕surrounding adj. 四周的；邻近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都宠爱在开心的环境中工作；启示同学摸索问题,哪些单词用作名词经常用复数形式？10. catch/gain/get sight of 发觉,看出名师归纳总结 . lose sight of 看不见 ,遗忘第 5 页,共 13 页. lose ones sight 失明. at first sight 一见就；乍看起来At first sight, the probl

29、em seems easy. . at the sight of 一观察就 ,At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away. . be in sight 看得见,在眼前The island is still in sight. . out of sight 看不见Out of sight, out of mind. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 11. take up to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用（时间） ；占据（空间）to learn to

30、or start to do sth 开头做（某项工作） ；开头从事 to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g. The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地儿；They have taken up golf. 他们学起打高尔夫球来了；She took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯,她接受了；He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开头履行职责；12. sweep up 打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起

31、e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把将孩子抱进怀里；Unit 4: 1. concentrate vi. 全神贯注,集中思想,多与on 和 upon 或连用Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作；e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving. 开车时驾驶员的留意力要集中在路上；Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country. 这个国家的西部正集中进

32、展工业；2. acquire vt. 获得 , 学到,取得,拥有acquired, acquiring e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她仔细学习而熟知英语；Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born. 抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好,并不是生来就有的；3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责,指控accused, accusing e.g. The police accu

33、sed him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀；She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎 . He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪 . 4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, . = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful. e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件特别重要的事；The book is of great value to me. 这本书对我

34、来说有很大价值；There is nothing interesting/of interest in todays newspaper. 今日报纸上没有什么新奇事；5. journalist n.新闻记者；新闻工作者 e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位特地的新闻从业人员 6. delighted a. 兴奋的 , 欢乐的 e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很兴奋；【词语联想】delight n. 兴奋 , 开心； vt. 使兴奋 , 乐于；vi. 感到兴奋 或开心、欢乐 e.g.Singing is her chi

35、ef delight. 唱歌是她的主要爱好；【习惯用语】名师归纳总结 . take delight in 宠爱 , 以.为乐第 6 页,共 13 页. find delight in 宠爱 , 以.为乐. have delight in 宠爱 , 以.为乐. to sb.s delight 令人兴奋的是 . - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. assist n. 帮忙 , 帮助；vt. 帮忙 , 促进；vi. 帮助 , 参与【习惯用语】. assist sb. with sth. 帮忙某人 做某事 . assist sb. to do sth. 帮

36、忙某人 做某事 . assist sb. in doing sth. 帮忙某人 做某事 区分 : help, aid, assist 都含 帮忙 、救济 的意思；. help 系常用词 , 意义较 aid, assist 强, 指以积极态度赐予各方面的帮忙 , 强调 受助者得到帮忙或好处 , 并着重 受助者对帮忙的需要 e.g. Please help me arrange these papers. 请帮我整理这些文件；. aid 属较正式用语, 强调 帮忙受助者脱离困难或危急, 有时意味着 强者救济弱者 e.g. They aided flood victims. 他们救济遭受水灾的灾民；

37、. assist 是正式用语 , 多指 在供应帮忙时 , 帮忙者起次要或起帮助作用 e.g. She assisted him in his experiments. 她帮助他做试验；8. case n. 情形,事实e.g. Is that the case？是这么回事吗？【习惯用语】. a hard case 无可救药或顽固不化的人; 难应付的人、境况困难或可怜的人、难办的事 ; 难治之症、古里奇怪冒冒失失的家伙as is often the case 这是常有的事. in any case 无论如何 , 总之. in case of 万一 ., 假如发生 . . in no case 决不

38、. in that case . in this case 假如这样的话. It is not the case, 情形不是这样 ; 并非事实；. This is not the case, 情形不是这样 ; 并非事实；. That is not the case, 情形不是这样 ; 并非事实；. just in case 以防 万一 Unit 5：1. first aid 的意思是“ 急救”短语联想,例如： first aid to the injured 赐予伤员的急救；give/offer aid 救济 come to sbs aid 帮忙某人teaching aids 教具 medic

39、al aid 医疗抢救with the aid of 借助于get injured 受伤,在现代英语中大量地显现了由“的被动语态,这叫 get - 型被动语态；又如：get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词” 构成The computer got wasdamaged when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候,电脑碰坏了；名师归纳总结 My bike is getting is beingrepaired row. 我的自行车正在修理；第 7 页,共 13 页2. Protect 动词,“ 爱护、爱护”,用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”

40、；例如：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光；【短语联想】. Keep. from. 不让 /防止/资格）. stop. from . 阻挡. prevent.from . 阻碍 /防止. disable. from. 使 , 失去（才能. save. from. 挽救、挽救3.depend on 取决于；例如：e.g. The amount you pay depends on

41、 where you live. 你付多少取决于你住哪里；词义拓展depend on 依靠,依靠： His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他养活；依靠,信任： We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday. 我们信任你在星期五前能完成这项工作；4. squeeze 动词,意思是“ 榨取”常用句式、“ 挤出” ,例如： squeeze an orange 榨橘子squeeze + 名词+ outof/from + 名词,例如：e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeez

42、e more money out of him. 那些勒索者准备向他榨取更多的钱；over and over again 一再地；例如：I ve told you over and over again not to do that. 我一再警告你不要那样做；5. hurt 既可作及物动词,作“ 损害”、“ 使受伤” 解,也可作不及物动词,作“ 疼痛”、“ 感到疼痛” 解；既可表达身体的受伤,也可以表达情感的损害；例如：e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself. 小男孩从梯子上摔了下来 受了伤；The driver

43、 hurt himself in the accident. 司机在事故中受了伤；6. unless 除非 , ；假如不 , ；如：7. icy adj. 冰凉的-y 是个形容词后缀；如：windy 有风的hilly 多小山的sleepy 困倦的greeny 略呈绿色spicy 辛辣的woody 树木茂盛的thirsty 饥渴的dirty 脏的snowy 下雪的8. in place 放在适当的地方；如：e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书治理员把仍回的图书放到原处；Yond better put things back

44、in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把你的东西各就各位,不然很难找；9. sense n. 感觉. sense of touch 触觉sense of sight 视觉. sense of hearing 听觉sense of smell 嗅觉. sense of humour 幽默感sense of beauty 美感. sense of hunger 饥饿感the sixth sense 第六感10. variety n. 多样 , 种类 , 【习惯用语】名师归纳总结 a variety of ,各种各样 ,第 8 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【词语联想】various a. 不同的 , 各种的 , 多方面的 , 很多的 e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons. 由于种种缘由 ,每个人赴会都迟到了；语法：一、过去分词过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特点,可以带宾语或受状语修饰；过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语；它在句中可以作定语、定语、表语的用法；1. 作定语表语、 宾