2022年中药学方剂总结教学文案 .pdf

《2022年中药学方剂总结教学文案 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年中药学方剂总结教学文案 .pdf（4页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、中 药 学 方 剂 总 结先秦 我国现存最古老的方书是五十二病方载283 首方剂。东汉 张仲景伤寒杂病论分为伤寒论和金匮要略被誉为“方书之祖”奠定了方剂学的基本内容。宋 太平惠民和剂局方第一部官休成方药典清代 程钟龄 医学心悟八法:汗和下消温清补吐方剂配伍的目的:协同增效（相须相使）；抑消作用（相畏相杀）降低毒性；全面兼顾扩大治疗范围，适应病情需要；改变或影响药物药效或药性（控制多功用单味中药的功效发挥方向）；防止耐药性。方剂的组方原则:君臣佐使麻黄汤主治:外感风寒表实证桂枝汤“诸方之冠，群方之魁”主治:外感风寒表虚证银翘散“辛凉平剂”。功用:辛凉透表，清热解毒主治:温病初起桑菊饮“辛凉清剂”

2、败毒散“逆流挽舟”。逆流挽舟:治外邪陷里而成痢疾者，使陷里之邪还从表出，意为表邪疏散，里滞亦除，其痢自愈，此谓“逆流挽舟”法。大承气汤用法:水煎服。先煎枳实、厚朴，后下大黄，溶服芒硝。（大黄:厚朴=1:2）实热燥屎结于肠胃，热盛而津液急剧耗伤。治当峻下热结，以救阴液，亦即“釜底抽薪”、“急下存阴”之法。温脾汤温、下、补三法兼下。“温补阳气，攻下冷积”小柴胡汤主治:伤寒少阳证。妇人中风，热入血室。疟疾、黄疸等病而少见少阳证者。四逆散功用:透邪解郁，疏肝理脾。什么是四逆？四逆者，乃手足不温也。其证缘于外邪传经入里，气机为之郁遏，不得疏泄，导致阳气内郁，不能达于四末，而见手足不温。逍遥散功用:疏肝解

3、郁，养血健脾。白虎汤功用:清热生津清营汤“透热转气”法之代表方。辨证要点:以身热夜甚神烦少寐斑疹隐隐舌绛而干脉数。仙方活命饮“疮疡之圣药，外科之首方”辨证要点:局部红肿焮痛，甚则伴有身热凛寒，脉数有力。左金丸黄连:吴茱萸=6:1 芍药汤主治:湿热痢疾白头翁汤主治:热毒痢疾补中益气汤为“甘温除热”法代表方功用:补中益气，升阳举陷归脾汤主治:心脾气血两虚证 脾不统血证八珍汤主治:气血两虚证六味地黄丸组成特点:熟地黄:（山萸肉:干山药）:（泽泻:牡丹皮:茯苓）=8:4:4:3:3:3 炙甘草汤辨证要点:虚羸少气、心动悸，脉结代固涩剂为正虚无邪者而设。若外邪未去者，不宜过早使用，以免有闭门留寇之弊。病

4、证属邪实者，如热病汗出、痰饮咳嗽、火扰遗泄、热痢初起，以及实热崩中带下等，均非本类方剂所宜。真人养脏汤辨证要点:大便滑脱不禁，腹痛喜温喜按，食少神疲，舌淡苔白，脉迟细天王补心丹主治:阴虚血少，神志不安证。本证由心肾两亏，阴血虚少，虚火内扰所致。理气剂分为行气剂和降气剂。“消法”半夏厚朴汤主治:梅核气。咽中如有物堵，咯吐不出，吞咽不下，或咳或呕，舌苔白文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文

5、档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8

6、S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G

7、10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I

8、6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5

9、O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C

10、9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A

11、7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6润或白滑，脉弦缓或弦滑。血府逐瘀汤功用:活血化瘀、行气止痛主治:胸中血瘀证止血剂:出血兼有瘀滞者，止血又应当配以活血祛瘀之品，以防血止留瘀。小蓟饮子热结膀胱，损伤血络血随尿出，故尿中带血，其痛者为血淋，若不痛者为尿血。川芎茶调散辨证要点:头痛、鼻塞、脉浮牵正散主治:风痰阻于头面经络所致口眼喎斜镇肝熄风汤功用:镇肝熄风，滋阴潜阳。主治:类中风系由肝肾阴虚，肝阳偏亢，阳亢化风，气血逆乱所致。风阳上扰，故见头目眩晕、目胀耳鸣、脑部热痛、面红如醉。辨证要点:头目眩晕，脑部胀痛，面色如醉，心中烦热，脉弦长有力。桑杏汤

12、主治:外感温燥证。由温燥伤于肺卫，肺失清肃，津液受损所致。辨证要点:为治疗外感温燥轻证之常用方。以身热不甚，干咳无痰，或痰少而黏，右脉数大为辨证要点。藿香正气散主治:外感风寒，内伤湿滞证。辨证 要点:恶寒发热，上吐下泻，舌苔白腻。为什么要用藿香为君药？藿香辛温芳香，外散风寒，内化湿滞，辟秽和中，为治霍乱吐泻之要药，重用为君。燥湿化痰剂：二陈汤二陈指陈皮和半夏“陈皮、半夏贵其陈久，则无燥散之患，故名二陈”半夏白术天麻汤主治:风痰上扰证，功用：化痰息风，健脾祛湿青蒿鳖甲汤主治:温病后期，邪伏阴分证。用青蒿、鳖甲做君药的目的？方中鳖甲咸寒，直入阴分，滋阴退热;青蒿苦辛而寒，其气芳香，清中有透散之力，

13、清热透络，引邪外出，两药相配，滋阴清热，内清外透，使阴分伏热而有外达之机，共为君药。小青龙汤中五味子和芍药的作用？本方主治外寒内饮证。素有痰饮，脾肺本虚，纯用麻黄、桂枝等辛温之药，恐辛散耗气，温燥伤津，故伍酸甘之五味子敛肺止咳、芍药和营养血，二药与辛散之品相配，即令散中有收，以利肺气开合，增强止咳平喘之功，又可防诸辛散温燥之药耗气伤津之虞，亦为佐药。麻子仁丸主治:脾约证。辨证要点:大便干结，小便频数，脘腹胀痛，舌红苔黄，脉数。脾约证:由于胃肠燥热，使脾受约束而失去布津功能，津液但输膀胱导致肠失濡润，故大便干结、小便频数、脘腹胀痛、舌红苔黄、脉数。龙胆泻肝汤方解：君：龙胆草清肝胆火，泻肝胆湿热。

14、臣：黄芩、栀子泻肝胆火，除湿热苦寒，苦以折火、燥湿，寒以清火热。佐：泽泻、木通、车前子清利湿热生地、当归 滋阴养血（祛邪不伤正）佐使：柴胡疏理肝郁；引经甘草缓苦寒之品伤胃；调和诸药。功用:清泻肝胆实火，清利肝经湿热主治:肝胆实火上炎症，肝经湿热下注证。辨证要点:口苦溺赤，舌红苔黄，脉弦数有力。阳和汤辨证要点:患处漫肿无头，皮色不变，酸痛无热，口中不渴。参苓白术散、补中益气汤均有补气作用，主治气虚诸证。其中参苓白术散的功效除益气健脾外，尚能和胃渗湿，用治脾胃气虚而夹湿之证。补中益气汤长于益气升阳，适用于内伤脾胃，气虚发热或气虚下陷的脱肛、子宫下垂等证。组方均有甘草、白术、人参。补阳还五汤方解君：

15、黄芪大补脾胃之气，气旺以促血行，祛瘀而不伤正。臣：当归尾活血通络，化瘀而不伤血。佐：桃仁、红花、川芎、赤芍活血祛瘀，地龙通经活络文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 Z

16、C3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编

17、码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6

18、 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10

19、 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文

20、档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8

21、S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6功用:活血通络。主治:气虚血瘀之中风。辨证要点:半身不遂，口眼喎斜，舌暗淡，苔白，脉缓无力文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q

22、5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N

23、9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5

24、A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C

25、2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S

26、5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:C

27、Q5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6文档编码:CQ5A7H5O8S6 HK1C2Q5C9G10 ZC3S5N9A7I6