考研英语语法-修辞倒装详解附译文.docx

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1、考研英语语法修辞倒装详解附译 文1在以 neverf hardly, scarcelyf rarelyf barely, seldom, not onlyf notuntil, norf little, nowheref hardly . .when, no sooner.than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头 的句子中，主谓要倒装。这些都是表示否认或半否认意义的词或词组。例如：Never have I come across such a difficult problem.我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。Seldom do I read

2、such magazines.我很少读这种杂志。No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。Never before have I met him.我以前从未见过他。Hardly did I think it possible.我想这几乎不可能。Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, butwe should try our best to overcome them.This is the very book that I am looking for,我要找的

3、就是这本书。二、强调非谓语其基本句型是：It + is/was +被强调的成分+ that/who +其它成 分”。It没有实意，只起语法作用，引导被强调的局部。当被强调的是 人时,可用who（m）/that,其他情况用thato例如：It was I who/that met Jack yesterday.是我昨天碰到了 Jack.（强调主语）It was Jack that/whom I met yesterday.我昨天碰到的是 Jacko（强调宾语）It was yesterday that I met Jack.是昨天我碰到了 Jack.（强调时间状语）这几句话复原为非强调句就是：I

4、 met Jack yesterday.It is people, not things, that are decisive.决定的因素是人，不是物。（强调主语） It is because the book is very important for mypresent job that I bought it.是因为这本书对我目前的工作很有用，我才买了它。（强调原因状语）It was in the supermarket that I gave the book tohim.是在为B家超 市里我给了他那本书。（强调地点状语）1 .强调主语：It was John who broke th

5、e window.是 John 打破了窗子。原句:John broke the window.It is this overpass that will be pulled down.将被拆掉的是这个天桥。原句:This overpass will be pulled down.It is the people who/that are really powerful.真正有力量的是人民。原句:The people are really powerful.2 .强调状语： 强调时间状语。例如：It was at that moment that he changed his mind.是在那一

6、刻他改变了主意。It is every day that Professor Smith goes swimming.史密斯教授是天天去游泳。It was not until Saturday that he began to preparefor the examination.他直到星期六才开始为考试作准备。注意：这句话的原句是 He did not begin to prepare for theexamination until Saturday.变成强调时间状语,注意not位置的变化。(2)强调地点状语。例如：It was in the library that I met Jack

7、 yesterday.是在图书馆我昨天碰到了 Jack.原句:I met Jack in the library yesterday.It might have been on the bus that I lost my purse.可能是在公共汽车上我丧失了钱包。原句是：I might have lost my purse on the bus.强调地点状语,也 可改为：It was on the bus that I might have lost my purse.It was under the tree that I was sitting then.当时我正坐在那棵树 To.强调

8、宾语。例如：It was Tomz s bike that sheborrowed, not mine.她借的是Tom的自行车，不是我的。It is his dog that he s sold,not his car.他已卖掉的是他的狗，不是 车。It was a cat that your dog was running after.你的狗追的是只猫。3 .强调宾语补足语：例如：It was wonderful that we considered his plan.我们认为他的计划是绝妙的。It is Lincoln that they named the aircraft carrie

9、r.他们把那艘航母命名为林肯号。It was captain that the team chose him.那个队选他当的是队长。It was white that Tom was painting the fence.汤姆当时正在把篱笆涂成白色的。这句话的原句是：Tom was painting the fence white.类似的结构有：color the sun red, color the tree green, paintthe wall pink等，这里，颜色作宾语补足语。It is a fine player that we believe Jane.我们相信Jane是一个出

10、色的选手。It is the Buckingham Palace that the British Queen s office building is called.英国女王的办公大楼被称作白金汉宫。It is Cadillac that this car is named.这辆车被命名为卡迪拉克。我们不但应该不怕困难，而且要尽最大努力克服困难。Not until midnight did it stop raining.直到半夜雨才停。(正常语序是:It did not stopraining until midnight.注意 not 位置 的变化）Very seldom do you

11、find that two clocks or watchesexactly agree.你很难发现两个钟或表的时间完全一样。By no means will this method produce satisfactoryresults.这种方法决不会产生令人满意的结果。翻译练习（使用倒装结构）：1）我从来没有读过这么一本有意思的书。Never have I read such an interesting book.2）她一点也不知道会发生什么事。Little does she know what may happen.3）我简直不相信这是真的。Hardly could I believe

12、 it (to be) true.4）我刚到家,就下起大雨来了。No sooner had I reached home than it began to rainheavily.5）最近我很少见到她。Seldom have I met her recently.6）爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴 家。Not only was Einstein a world famous scientist, butalso a fairly good violinist7）直到战争结束，他才回家。Not until after the war did he return ho

13、me.（正常语序是:He did not returnhome until after the war.）8）在任何情况下，我们都不应该做违反人民意愿的事。Under no circumstances should we do anything againstthe will of the people.2 .在以“only+状语开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这里only后面必 须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。否那么就不倒装。例如： Only after the war was over was man able to realizethe wickedness of the atomic

14、 bomb.只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。（注意：only引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。）Only then did I realize the importance of English.只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。Only in this way can we improve ourselves.只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。Only after you finish it can you leave.只有结束它以后，你才能离开。（主句倒装）注意：Only如不在句首，或。nly修饰的不是状语,那么不倒装。如：The contract was signed only

15、after bitternegotiations.只有在艰 苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。（改成倒装：Only after bitternegotiations was the contract signed.）Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.只许资深的职员使用这个房间。Only five passengers survived the accident.事故中只有五位旅客生存了下来。3 .用于以表示处所.声音等意义的副词开头的句子。用表示运动的不及 物动词（如g。, come, rush, fly等）作谓语时，为了表示生动

16、，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。例如:Away flew the birds.鸟儿飞走了。Out went the children.孩子们出去了。Down came the rain.下起大雨来了。Bang went the firecracker.爆竹砰的一声响了。The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.门突然开了，一个陌生人冲了进来。4 .用倒装来防止头重脚轻，使句子显得平衡。这主要是因为主语过长或 强调表语或状语。例如： At the center of the big room over there is

17、a tablethat is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.在那边那个大房子的中央有一张用从南美洲的巴西进口的木头做成的 桌子。（正常语序:A table that is made ofwood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the bigroom over there.这句话主语和谓语间隔太长，不平衡。）Still wider will be the use of radar, which plays

18、 a veryimportant role in our national defense.雷达在我们的国防事业中起着非常重要的作用，它的用处将会更广泛。（正常语序：The use of radar, whichplays a very important role in our national defense, will be still wider.主语和谓语间隔太长,不平 ffio ）Written in English on the blackboard were these words: /zMerry Christmas!”在黑板上用英语写着这么几个字：圣诞快乐!Present

19、at the meeting were the school headmaster,the English teacher, and the students* parents.出席会议的有校长、英语教师 和学生们的家长。Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for thekings and queens and long passages to these rooms.金字塔里面是国王和王 后们的墓穴和通往墓穴的长通道。5 .其他用法倒装还可用在强调表语和宾语的句子中。把表语和宾语提到主语前。如：Such was Albert Einstein,

20、a simple man of greatachievements.爱因斯坦就是这样一个取得了伟大成就的单纯的人。Such was the story he told me.这就是他给我讲的故事。一、强调谓语动词用助动词do +动词原形来强调谓语动词。注意：谓语动词只有两种时态能强调，即一般现在时和一般过去时。在 一般现在时中,do有人称的变化，第三人称单数用does , 一般过去时 do变成did。其他时态的强调通过重读谓语动词来表达。例如：You re quite wrong, she doeslike you.你错了 ,她真的喜欢你。Do come in,快进来。用助动词do +动词原形

21、来强调谓语动词。L强调一般现在时动词谓语：例如：I work hard. I do workhard.She loves you. She doeslove you.My father smokes a lot. Myfather does smoke a lot.2.强调一般过去时动词谓语：例如：I called you in the morning. I did call you in the morning.I attended the meeting yesterday.I did attend the meeting yesterday.I handed in the paper y

22、esterday.I did hand in the paper yesterday.He wrote a letter to me yesterday.t He did write a letter to me.He came to see you yesterday. He did come to see you yesterday.其他表示强调的方式.把要强调的局部放在句首：例如：That film? What do you think of it?Asleep, then, were you?1 .用某些特殊的词来表示强调，如reallyfcertainly, definitely, very 等。在口语中，such和so都常用于强调句。如：Thank you so much.It was such a lovely party.I really enjoyed it.