2022年一般过去时过去进行时被动语态.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载一般过去时一、一般过去时的基本构成1、be动词的一般现在时形式：was , were 2、其他动词用过去式的形式二、一般过去时的基本用法1、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等；Eg He didnt finish his homework yesterday. We visited the factory last week. 2、表示在过去一段时间

2、内,常常性或习惯性的动作；因此在这类句子中,常常使用 always,often,once a month等表示事情发生频度的时间状语； When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热闹欢迎；* 表示过去常常性的、习惯性的动作也可以用 经不这样了）Eg I used to get up early in the morning. use

3、d to do 来表示；（强调现在已3、有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动 作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时；Eg I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎；（由于在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了；这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示；实际上,这句话暗指：I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢；But now I know you are here.）（这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了；但是现在我知道你没病）细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4、 第 1 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载4、wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作摸索性的询问、恳求、建议等,而 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在；Eg I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些；Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间； ）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（

5、含义：她现在仍活着）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州）Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在仍住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去）5、 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气； 动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等；Eg Did you want anything else. 您仍要些什么吗？I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下； 情态动词 could, wo

6、uld；Eg Could you lend me your bike. 你的自行车,能借用一些吗？6、特殊句型：It is time for sb. to do sth “到 时间了 ”；“该 了”；Eg It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了； It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 ”；“早该 了”,Eg It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了； would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示 “宁愿某人做某事 ”；Eg Id rather you came tomorr

7、ow.仍是明天来吧；三、小结：细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载与一般过去时连用的连词有： last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, the other day, at that time, just now等. 过去进行时 一、过去进行时的基本构成：was /were + 现在分词 二、 过去进行时的

8、基本用法：1、过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,常和表示过 去时间的状语 then,at this（that） time, yesterday,at nine,last night 等连 用；但在不少情形下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示；Eg What were you doing at nine last night？昨晚九点时,你在做什么？I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer. 昨天下午我打电话给你,但是没有人接电话；I was visiting a friend of min

9、e most of the afternoon. 我昨天下午大部分时间,都在一个伴侣家里；We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视；What was he researching all day last Sunday. 上周日他一成天都在讨论什么？My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself .我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来,受伤了；It was raining when they left the stati

10、on. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨；When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候,阳光辉煌；2、当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时,用过去进行时表示较长细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载的动作；过去进行时可用于主句,也可用于从句；Eg It was raining hard

11、when I left my office.当我离开办公室时, 雨下得正大；When you called,I was eating. 你打电话时,我正在吃饭；When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was sweeping the floor. （当）我在擦窗户的时候,我弟弟在拖地；Some students were playing football,while others were running round the track. 一些同学在踢足球,同时别的同学正在跑道上跑步；We were walking along the river

12、 when（suddenly） It rained. 我们沿着河边漫步,突然下起雨来；They were watching TV when the lights went out. 停电时,他们刚好在看电视； （留意：同上例）3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作 现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某 时间看来将要发生的动作；常用在间接引语中；Eg He was leaving early the next morning.他其次天一早就要离开此地了；She asked him whether he was coming back to lunch. 她问他晚饭是否预备回

13、来吃；4、在复合句中,假如主要动作和背景动作都是连续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时；Eg While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报；两个动作都是连续的 He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭； 两个动作同时进行被动语态细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - -

14、- - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载一、被动语态在各种时态中的结构一般现在时： be done（be 随人称变化）一般过去时： was/were done 一般将来时： will be done 现在进行时： be being done（前面的be 随人称变化,后面的being 固定）过去进行时： was/were being done（ being 固定）现在完成时： have/has been done 过去完成时： had been done 过去将来时： would be done 将来完成时： will have been done 将来进行时： will be

15、being done （being 固定）将来完成进行时：will have been being done 现在完成进行时：have been being done 过去将来完成时：would have been done 过去完成进行时：had been being done 过去将来进行时：would be being done 过去将来完成进行时：二、被动语态的基本用法：would have been being done 被动语态表示一种主语和谓语之间的关系,当主语是动作的承担者时,就需要用到被动语态,汉语中所说的,“汽车被撞坏了 ” “钢笔被修好了 ” 等句子就是一种被动语态的句子

16、, 在汉语中常用 “ 被” “由”等词来表示这种被动语态；在英语中就用动词的被动语态形式来表示；被动语态中仍可用by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载也就是谓语动词动作的规律上的主语,被动语态常用在以下情形；1、不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时,或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时；Eg The glass was broken last ni

17、ght. 玻璃昨天被打破了；His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被偷了；He was asked to go there once more. 他被要求再去那儿一次；The bag was put into the box. 袋子放在了箱子里；2、为了强调或突出动作的承担者时；Eg The plan has been sent to the headmaster. Killington was elected the President of U.S.A. Five people were hurt in the explosion. A new building w

18、as set up in a short time. 方案已经送给校长了；克林顿被选为美国总统；五个人在这次爆炸中受伤；新大楼短期就建成了；3、被动语态也可以说出动作的执行者,构成如下：动作承担者+ be + 过去分词+ by + 动作执行者；Eg The picture was praised by everybody. 照片得到了大家的好评；The classroom was cleaned by us. 教室被我们打扫过；The bridge was built by workers from Shanxi. 这座桥是山西的工人建的；The little boy was found by

19、 the police. 小孩被警察找到了；三、特殊现象1、不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end vi. 终止 , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. Eg After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较：rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词；raise, seat

20、是及物动词； 第 6 页,共 12 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载 错 The price has been risen. 对 The price has risen. 错 The accident was happened last week.对 The accident happened last week. 错 The price has raised. 对 The price has b

21、een raised. 错 Please seat. 对 Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态,就须留意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的；特殊是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法；解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积存；2、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into,

22、 belong to Eg This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 3、系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn Eg It sounds good. The steel feels cold The method proved to be effective. It has gone bad. 4、

23、当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态；Eg 对 She likes to swim. 错 To swim is liked by her. 5、“be+过去分词 ” 并不肯定都是被动语态,有时是系表结构；当“be+过去分词 ” 表示动作时为被动语态, be 是助动词, be 后面的过去分词是主要动词,动作的对象是主语；当“ be +过去分词 ” 表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构,语,相当于形容词；其区分方法如下：be 是连系动词； be 后面的过去分词是表 假如强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否就为系表结构；Eg The glass is broken 玻璃杯碎了

24、； （系表结构）细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载The glass was broken by the boy玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了；（被动语态）假如句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态；Eg The magazine is published in Shanghai 这家杂志出版于上海； （被动语态）The door is locked 门锁着；（系表结构）The d

25、oor has already/just been locked门已经 /刚刚被锁上； （被动语态）The shop is opened这家商店开门了； （系表结构）The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday这家商店每天上午八点开门；（被动语态 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,仍可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态；Eg The machine is being repaired 机器正在修；A new school will be built here 这里将要建一所新学校；6、carry,cut,drive,iron,

26、keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write 等等；这类动 词既能作及物动词,也能作不及物动词；作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义；Eg Meat cuts easily.肉简单切；His novel sells well. 他的小说畅销；The car drove easily. 这车很简单开；Your pen writes quite smoothly. 你的笔写起来很滑；The coat dries easily 这种外衣简单干The door won t lock 这门锁不上Food can keep fre

27、sh in a fridge 食物在冰箱里能保鲜 Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得好细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载在上述句子中,主语通常指物,起动作承担者的作用,也可以说是不及物动词的规律宾语；但是有时也有用人称主语的；Eg 比较： The girl does not photograph well. 这女孩不上像；The girl has not

28、 been photographed well. 这女孩的照片没拍好；7、某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义；Eg This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来松软得多That book smells old. 那本书有一股霉味；These oranges taste nice. 这些橙子味道很好；以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示；如用进行时,就表示主动含义；Eg The child is smelling the paint. 小孩正在闻油漆的气味；8、动词 get, come, go之后接过去分词,表示被动意义；get 的这种

29、用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言,更强调动作的结果而非动作本身,并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然大事；而 come和 go 常接含否定意义的过去分词；Eg After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last. 李先生在此地无私地干了好几年,最终得到提升；They got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 由于节日交通堵塞,他们被耽搁了；The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了；The woma

30、n s complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理会；9、在 need want, require, deserve, etc.doing 句型中, 动名词 doing相当于动词不定式的被动式 to be done,在意思上没有多大差别；Eg The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎

31、下载The problem requires to be studied with great care. 这个问题需要认真讨论；These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要立刻就做；用法相像的结构仍有 bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing,习惯不用动词不定式；Eg That won t bear thinking of. 那是不堪想象的；The little girl cant stand criticizing. 小女孩经不起批判；The food is not worth eating. 这种饭菜不值一吃；I

32、t ”s well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.很值得花一番功夫去学会怎么做这事；值得留意的是, 在 be worth doing 句型中, 只能用动名词的主动式,而在 be worthy to be done 中,才能用动词不定式的被动式,两者不行混淆；10、在某些性质形容词动词不定式的句型中,其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义；（difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, unfit, light , heavy, good, safe , dangerous）Eg T

33、he question is easy to answer.这问题简单回答；That book is difficult to understand. 那本书难懂；在这种句型结构中,动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种规律上的动宾关系,可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的,相当于It ” s easy to answer the question.和 It ” s difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置,所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系；11、有些动词不定式不论用主动形式仍是被动形式,动词不定式和主语的关系都是被动的；Eg Nobody wa

34、s to blame to be blamed for the accident. 这个事故,谁也不能责备；The house is to let to be let. 这房子出租；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载There are a lot of books to read to be read. 有很多书要读；Those cars are to rent to be

35、rented.那些汽车出租；12、带双宾语的动词的主动语态与被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时,既可将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；当用直接宾语作主语时,要依据动词的习惯配搭,要在间接宾语前补上介词 to 或 for. 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人 give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send, write, sing, find, mend, read ,show等带双宾语的动词,改为被动语态,它们的句型主要有以下几个：give sth to sb. = give sb sth. buy sth for sb.

36、= buy sb sth. sell sth to sb. = sell sb sth. Take sth to sb. = take sb sth. bring sth to sb. = bring sb sth. make sth for sb. = make sb sth. hand sth to sb. = hand sb sth. Pass sth to s b. = pass sb sth. keep sth for sb. = keep sb sth. end sth to sb. = send sb sth. write sth to sb. = write sb sth. s

37、ing sth for sb. = sing sb sth. find sth for sb. = find sb sth. mend sth for sb. = mend sb sth. read sth for/to sb. = read sb sth. show sth to sb. = show sb sth. Eg He passed me some paper.主动 Some paper was passed to me by him.（被动） You must keep some fruit for him. 主动 Some fruit must be kept for him.

38、 （被动） She gave me a book I was given a book A book was given to me 13、短语动词变位被动语态很多有不及物动词和介词,副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以变被动语态；但是短语动词是一个不行分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或者副词；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载Eg

39、We should speak to old men politely Old men should be spoken to politely 14、带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态宾语加上宾语补足语以其构成复合宾语；变被动语态直把宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,变成主语补足语；Eg I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room 15、被动语态后动词形式的挑选主动句中在感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel ,notice 等,及使役

40、动词 let, make ,have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,应加上不定式符号 to. Eg He makes the girl stay at home The girl is made to stay at home Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theater last Sunday. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - -