2022年英语初高中衔接教材.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 第一章 语音基本学问一、 英语 48 个音标元音12 个单元音长元音i: : .: u: : . a. 8 个双元音短元音e . . . . . aI eI .I . I. e . 辅音10 对 清辅音p t k f s t . tr ts 浊辅音b d g v z e . d . dr 3 个似拼音dz m n .h r l 2 个半元音w j 二、 48 个英语国际音标发音规章及练习元音名师归纳总结 1 、前元音 i: . e . ；3）、前音清晰,后音模糊；第 1 页,共 14 页i:me he she these Chinese mee

2、t .sit six is it this milk edesk pen bed egg red . bag map apple cat hand 2、后元音 : .: . u: . : part half ask class father cut love touch bus come .: sort door saw talk four . put book woman look could u:do zoo blue ruler move . top cock box what want 3 、中元音 : . : bird serve term work turn . about Chi

3、na letter actor again 4 、合口双元音 eI aI .I . a . 1）、前长后短2）、前重后轻（前音发得重,后音发得轻）eI cake plane snake table baby aI bike life light type nice .I toy voice coin enjoy boy . go boat hope know home a .now how loud house out 5 、集中双元音 I . e . . I . fear beer ear hear deer - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e .

4、care bear fair where chair . sure tour poor moor cure 辅音1、爆破音p pen map top pipe cup b bee beep about lab bat t butter that fat debt dealer d desk food deep door dot k cook book kick bucket tick g get game good dog tag 2、摩擦音f foot fit after knife tough v very five live cover carve thick thank tooth m

5、outh think e other the there they father s see saw soup boss say z zoo cause pause hers these . cash fish short wish sure . vision pleasure measure treasure visual h home hard head behind whole r red write frog carry rose 3、破擦音t . cheap fetch chalk teach watch d . jaw jazz danger age cage tr tree tr

6、ade transport troop street dr drill dress dry dream drink ts students guests pockets puts spirits dz odds ends hands friends sends 4、鼻辅音mmy make farm map number nnew night knife near finish .long ink bank think sing 5、舌边音l清晰舌边音law lake follow large last 模糊舌边音little gentle middle article giggle peopl

7、e 6、半元音名师归纳总结 w why what swim wash white 第 2 页,共 14 页j yes yellow you yet beyond - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 其次章 重要词性以及基本构词法一、名词名词一般名词个体名词表示人或物的个体,如：teacher, pen, hand 集体名词表示个体组成的集合体,如：family, team, police 物质名词表示无法分为个体的固体、液体、气体等实物,如：ice, water, gas 分类专出名词抽象名词表示抽象概念的, 如性质、 状态、情感等的名词, 如：sadn

8、ess, happiness, work 人名、地名、机构、事物、组织、概念、节日等；判定以下名词类型1. man, desk, pencil,class, family , police,meat, rice, cotton,life , help, happiness,England , London , Smith, people, 2. Cake is a kind of food./ These cakes are sweet.This factory produces steel/ We need various steels. Our country is famous for

9、tea. / Two teas, please. I didn t have breakfast this morning. /I had a good breakfast this morning. 二、形容词、副词一 形容词的句法功能 1. 做定语（1）This is a beautiful garden. （2） 修饰不定代词和指示代词 those Anyone drunk is not allowed to drive. Is there anything interesting in the paper today. Among those invited were some you

10、ng men. 2. 做表语 有一类形容词如：well ,unwell ,ill ,afraid ,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, aware, ashamed 等只能做表语 : He s awake.3. 做补语 We consider the story unbelievable. Please keep the room clean. 4. 做状语 At last I got home, safe. Cruisal went home, full of fright. 5. 做主语和宾语 The young should respect the old.

11、（二）副词一 副词语法功能名师归纳总结 1. 修饰动词Harry worked hard. He runs quickly 第 3 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.修饰形容词He is very good. He is very careful. 3.修饰副词He writes very well. He writes very carefully. 4. 副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构；Still, I dont think it is true.Fortunately, we caught the first b

12、us. 练习1 He works _. He is _. hard/ hard-working 2 He works _. He is a _ man. good/well 3 He writes_. He is a _ man. careful/carefully 4 _, she we in when I called. He is a _ man. lucky/luckily _, we took action. We need an _ action. immediately/ immediate 三、动词一： 定义和种类1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词；2） 依据其在句中的功能,二：

13、 实义动词可分为四类, 分别是： 实义动词、 系动词、 助动词、 情态动词；（一）动词依据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是：及物动词、不及物动词,英语缩写形式分别为 vt. 和 vi. He arrived. （对）He reached. 错 He arrived at the station. （对）He reached the station. （对）说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词；例如：She can dance and sing. She can sing many English songs. Eg. lie/ lay He _ in bed . He _

14、 a book in bed. （二）连续和不连续动词You can borrow the book for two days. 错 You can keep the book for two days. （对）The train has arrived. （对）The train has arrived for 3 minutes. 错 The train has been in the station for 3 minutes. （对）三: 系动词 （ Link Verb ）一 与实义动词的区分系动词本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边须跟表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特点等

15、情形；有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语；例如：He fell ill yesterday. He fell off the ladder.He looks_. He looks _at me. sad/sadly 二 分类1）状态系动词 be：用来表示主语状态；例如：He is a teacher.2）连续系动词 : 用来表示主语连续或保持一种状况或态度,He always kept silent at meeting.；keep, remain, stay, lie, stand；3）表像系动词 : 来表示 看起来像 这一概念,主要有 seem, appear,

16、 look；例如：He looks tired.He seems （to be） very sad.4）感官系动词 :主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste； 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.5）变化系动词 : 表示主语变成什么样,He became mad after that.主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come ；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - -

17、- - - - She grew rich within a short time.6）终止系动词 :表示主语已终止动作,The search proved difficult.His plan turned out a success.有 prove, turn out, 表达 证明 ,变成 之意；例如：四 : 助动词 帮助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词；被帮助的动词称作主要动词；主要有： be, have, do 五：情态动词复习 非连续和终止性的动词1 他已经参军了 . He _ the army. He _the army for 1 year. 2 他入团一年了 .He has _

18、 the league for 1 year. 3 他离家一年了 .He _ for 1 year. 4你可以借这一本书七天 . You can _ the book for 7 days. 5 他直到午夜才睡觉 . He _ until midnight. 他始终工作到午夜He _ until midnight. 6 他们已经结婚了 .They _. 他们一年前结婚；They _ a year ago. 他们已经结婚一年了 .They _ for a year. 六 动词的时态一： 时态had done have done are doing will have done were doin

19、g will be doing did do will do past now future （一 ）一般式（一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时）.常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用；时间状语：every , 常用时间状sometimes,always, at , on Sunday.I always play basketball on Sundays. .I always played basketball on Sundays when young. .I will play basketball tomorrow morning. （二）完成式现在完成时 ,过去完成时、将

20、来完成时 表示某一个时间点发生,对后一个时间点造成的影响或者连续到后一个时间点；语： already, yet, just, ever, never, since, so far, in the last /past . . . .The train has arrived. The train has been in the station for 3 minutes. The train had arrived when I came to the station . （三）进行式（现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时）表示某一时间点正在干某事名师归纳总结 .I am talking now

21、. 第 5 页,共 14 页.I was talking when he came in. .I will be talking to the whole class this time tomorrow. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表示某个时间段干某事. .I am visiting Beijing this week. I was visiting Beijing when you visited Wenzhou. I will be visiting Beijing this time next week. 练习1. Li Ping of

22、ten _ read English in the morning. 2. _ he _ clean the windows once a week. 3. The workers _ have sports on the playground now. 4. How long _ you _ stay there the day before yesterday. 5. Who _ listen to the music. 6. When I _ be a middle school student, I often _ sing. 7. His parents _go to the Gre

23、at Wall tomorrow morning. 8. _ they _ study Japanese next term. 9. What time _ you _ do your homework everyday. 10. Look. The students _ clean the classroom. 11. What _ your after _ do yesterday. He _ write two letters. 12. There _ be a football match on TV this evening. 13. My father _ leave for Ja

24、pan tomorrow morning. 14. Tom _ not listen to the radio every morning. 15. _ be there any hospitals here twenty years ago. 16. I _ come to see you again before long. 17. _ there _ be an English evening next Saturday. 18. _ your uncle _ have a meeting last Friday. 19. What _ the young Pioneers _ do o

25、n the hill now. 20. They _ not go fishing on Sunday. 21. How many classes _ you _ have every day. 22. Its seven in the evening, Toms family _ watch TV. 23. He _ join the army in 1985. He _ be still in the army how. 24. I _ visit my friend next Sunday. 25. If it snows tomorrow, we _ play with snow. 2

26、6. I _ make a lot of mistakes in my test yesterday. 27. _ it _ snow outside now. No, it _. 28. Where _ they _ live. They _ live in Shanghai. 29. If it _ rain this morning, we wont go shopping. 30. Listen. Who _singin the next room. 31. The teacher _not teachus a Chinese song ,he _teachus an English

27、song two days ago. 32. If I am free this evening ,I _helpyou with your maths. 33. _you _bethere tomorrow. No ,I _. 34. Where _beyour parents last year. They _bein Xian. 35. Why _ they _goto the library after school yesterday. Because they 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - _wan

28、tto borrow some books. 36. What _ you _dothese days. 37. Dont make a noise. Grandma _sleep. 38. Sometimes he _helphis mother with the housework. 39. Please write to us as soon as you _getthere. 40. We _showthe foreign friends around Beijing when they get here. 41. Well wait till you _makeup your min

29、d. 42. They _ just _talkabout you. 43. Where _he _be. He _beto the bank. 44. _ you_visitthe Science Museum. -Yes ,I_. 45. _she _tellyou the good news. -No ,she _. 46. How long _ your mother _teachEnglish in this school. -For ten years. 47. We _ already _drawfive pictures. 48. My grandson _beill for

30、a week. 49. _ the train _arrive.-No ,not yet. 50. Our physics teacher _not cometo work today ,because he is ill. 四 构词法一、转化法： 不添加任何成分,不转变词形,把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法 叫转化法；如：button （钮扣）to button （扣钮扣）native （本地的）native （本地人）二、合成法 ：把两个以上独立的词合成一个新词叫合成法,也叫合词法；如：note + book = notebook （笔记本）三、缩略法：wide + open =

31、wideopen （张大的）缩略法并不制造新词,而只是把词缩短,不增减意义,也不转变意义；常见的有以下几种方法：1. 略去后部,保留前部,如：examination exam Friday Fri. 2. 略去前部,保留后部,如：aireplane plane telephone phone 3. 略去两头, 保留中部, 如：influenza flu （流感）detective tec （侦探）4. 略去中部,保留两头字母,如：foot （ feet ） ft hour hr 5. 保留某些字母,加以合并,如：limited Ltd 6. 保留开头一个字母,如：British Broadca

32、sting Corporation BBC National Basketball Association NBA 四、派生法：由词根（或单词）附加前缀、后缀构成新词的方法叫派生法；由派生法构成的词叫派生词；大体上讲,派生法有两种：加前缀、加后缀；下面对常见前后缀分别加以说明：1. 常见前缀A. 表示否定意义的前缀：a.表示“ 纯否定”,dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, impossible, impolite, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never 名师归纳总结 - - -

33、- - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - un- unable, unemployment B 表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment 失调 mis-, mistake, mislead, misunderstand C 表示反动作的意思dis-, disarm, dismiss un-, unload, uncover B. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀：1 in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“ 向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import 2 in

34、ter-, 表示“ 在 , 间,相互”3 medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“ 中,中间”international, interaction, internet midnight , midday , midsummer 4out-, 表示“ 在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward 5 over-, 表示“ 在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboard 6 post-, 表示 向后,在后边,次”postscript附言 ,post-war 7 pre-, 表示 在前” 在前面”8 sub- 表示“ 在下面,下”9

35、super-, sur-, 表示“ 在 , 之上”prefix, preface, preposition, preschool subway, submarine, suburban superficial, surface, superstructure 10 under-, 表示“ 在,.下面,下的”underline, underground, underwater 11 up-, 表示“ 向上,向上面,在上”12 fore-, 表示“ 在前面, 从前, 前面”upward, uphold, uphill 上坡 forward, forecast, foretell 预言 , fore

36、head, forever 13 re-, 表示“ 再一次,重新”retell, rewrite , remarry C. 表示数量关系的前缀：1 表示“ 单一”,“ 一”uni-, un-, uniform, unite multimedia 2 表示“ 二,两,双”bi-, bicycle, di-, dialogue 3 表示 百,百分子一 twi-, twin centi-, centimeter 4 表示 千,千分子一”kilo-, kilometer kilogram 5 表示 很多,复,多数”multi-, mult-, multimetre 万用表 6 micro- 表示“ 微

37、” ,如：microwave microsoft D. 表示术语的前缀：1 tele-, 表示“ 远离”television, telephone, telegraph, telescope 2 bio-, 表示“ 生命,生物”biology biochemistry 3 ge-, 表示“ 地球,大地”geography geology E. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀1 com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“ 共同,一起”；connect, co-operate, co-worker 2. 常见的后缀（ 1 ）名词后缀A. 具有某种职业或动作的人：名师归纳总结 - -

38、- - - - -第 8 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. -an, -ian 表示“, 地方的人；熟知, 的人”,如：American, historian ,technician 2. -ant, -ent 表示“, 者”,如： servant, student, assistant 3. -eer 表示“ 从事于 , 的人”,如：engineer, volunteer ,4. -er 表示“ 从事某种职业的人；某地方的人”,如：banker, waiter ,Londoner, villager ,5. -or 表示“, 者”,如：actor, au

39、thor, doctor, operator, monitor ,director ,6. -ess 表示女性人称名词,如：actress, hostess, manageress ,7. -ese 表示“, 国人, , 地方的人”,如：Japanese, Chinese 8. -ist 表示“ 从事, 讨论者；信仰, 主义者”, pianist, dentist, artist, chemist, B. 构成具有抽象含义的名词：1. -ance, -ence 表示“ 性质；状况；行为；过程；总量；程度” ,如： importance, diligence, violence 2. -dom 表示“ 等级,领域,状态”,如：fre