2022年人教版英语八年级下册单元知识点总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 1 what s the matter. 1. What s the matter. 怎么了？如是询问“ 某人怎么了 .”要用“What s the matter with sb. ”拓展： What s the matter with sb. 的同义句：What s wrong with sb. / What s the trouble with sb. 中考再现： Hi, John. _. It s Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt. A. How are you B. What s the matter

2、 C. Who s that D. What s Lucy like 2. 疾病类短语 : . have a +疾病 . e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 . have a +身体部位 -ache. e.g.: have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛痛. have a sore+身体部位 . e.g.: have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a sore back 背中考再现： Mom, I_. I m sorry to hear that, dear. We mus

3、t go to see the dentist right away. A. have a headache B. have a stomachache C. have a toothache D. have a fever 3. lie down 躺下 V. 躺,平躺；现在分词是 lying. e.g.: Don t lie in bed all morning. 拓展： lie 的词性和含义总结 . V. 位于,坐落在； e.g.: Japan lies to the east of China. .V. 撒谎, 说谎；lie to sb. 对某人撒谎； e.g.: Don t belie

4、ve her because she always lies. . N. 谎言； tell lies/a lie 说谎； e.g.: You shouldn t tell lies to your parents. 留意含义过去式过去分词躺,平躺lay lain 位于,坐落在lied lied 撒谎,说谎4. if 引导的条件状语从句时,主将从现；中考再现：Stop smoking, Joe. You _yourself if you keep on doing it like that. A. will kill B. have killed C. kill D. killed 5.see

5、sb. doing sth. 表示“ 看到某人正在做某事” ,强调动 作正在进行see sb. do sth. 表示“ 看到某人做某事” ,强调动作经 常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程e.g.: We saw the boy playing computer games. 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - We often see the boy play computer games. We saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room. When I

6、walked through the playground, I saw my friends _football. A. play B. to play C. playing D. is playing 6. get 短语get up 起来,起床 get to=reach, arrive in/at 到达 get on 上车get off 下车 get into 陷入,参加 get in 进入,到达 get back 回来get ready for. 为.做预备get on well with sb. 和某人和谐相处7. to ones surprise 令某人诧异的是； surprise

7、是名词,诧异,诧异；8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事时遇到困难；I always have much trouble _English words. Can you give me some advice. A. to remember B. remember C. remembering 9. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事； e.g.: They are used to living in the big city. used to do sth. 过去经常做某事；e.g.： He used to play foot

8、ball, but now he likes playing basketball. 10. take risks/a risk. 冒险； risk V . 冒险；11. .run out 用完,用完,主语通常是“ 时间,金钱,食物” 等无生命的东西；e.g.：All the money ran out. .run out of 用完,主语通常是人； e.g.：We have run out of our pocket money. 12. off 短语： turn off 关闭,关掉 take off 起飞,脱掉 put off 推迟,拖延get off 下车 give off 发出,散发

9、set off 动身中考再现： We have to _the bike ride because of the bad weather. A. put off B. turn off C. take off D. get off 13. . important adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n. 重要性中考再现 From the show Running Man, we can learn the _of team spirit. .make a decision=decide 后接不定式,“ 做出打算,打算 .”I made a big_

10、 to stop doing my job for a few months. .be in control of 掌管,掌握out of control 脱离掌握中考再现： The car was out of _and hit a tree by the road. A. danger B. breath C. control D. practice 14. .keep ondoing sth. 连续做某事,坚持做某事；中考再现： He kept _so that he could be in health. A. exercise B. exercising C. to exercise

11、 .give up “ 舍弃” 代词放中间give up doing sth. 舍弃做某事中考再现 :No matter how hard it is, don t_. Things will be better in the 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - future. A. give out B. give up C. give away 15. 重难点全解：情态动词 should should 的用法 作情态动词时,表责任和义务,意为“ 应当,应当确定句 主语+should+ 动词原形 +其他” ,可

12、用于任何人称；否定句 主语+should not/shouldn t+动原 +其他一般疑问句 Should+主语 +动原 +其他 . 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 +should+ 主语+动词原形？近义表达： ought to /be supposed to do 翻译：现在你应当戒烟了；16. 易错易混全解too many 表示“ 太多” ,修饰可数名词的复数too much 表示“ 太多” ,修饰不行数名词much too 表示“ 太” ,修饰形容词或副词The meat is _expensive and eating _meat isn t good for our health. A.to

13、o much, much too B. too much, too much C. much too, too much D. much too, too many because 是连词,“ 由于,由于” ,引导缘由状语从句because of 是介词短语,“ 由于,由于” ,后跟名词、代词或动名词Millie made a few mistakes in the exam _her carelessness. A.because B. so that C. as a result D. because of die V. “ 死,去世,逝世”dead adj. “ 死的,死亡的 ”deat

14、h n. “ 死,死亡 ”中考再现： Lei Feng _for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks. 1.hope to do sth. 期望做某事,含 hope to do sth. 的句子可以转换为宾语从句；eg: I h

15、ope to pass the exam.=I hope that I can pass the exam. agree to do sth. 同意做某事decide to do sth. 打算做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事remember to do sth. 记得做某事forget to do sth. 遗忘做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事2.“ 动词 +up” 的短语小结：clean up 打扫洁净 cut up 切碎 grow up 长大 set up 熬夜 set up 建立,设立stay up 熬夜 wa

16、ke up 醒来,叫醒 take up 占用 give up 舍弃 use up 用完cheer up 使振作起来,使兴奋起来（代词必需放中间）put up 搭建,张贴make up 组成,编造 end up 最终成为,最终处于中考再现： Many volunteers will help to _the city parks next parks next Friday. A. give up B. pick up C. clean up 3.give out： 发出,放出（热,光等）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth 用完,耗尽 We

17、 had just reached home when the petrol gave out. 公布,发表 The news of the event was given out over the radio. 4.give 的短语： give away 捐赠,赠给 give up 舍弃 give back 归仍give off 发出,放出 give in 让步,屈服 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.给某人某物5.put off doing sth. 推迟做某事e.g.: We can t put off making a plan. 常见的 put 短语： p

18、ut on 穿上,戴上put out 熄灭,扑灭put up 搭起,升起,张贴put up with 容忍put away 收起来中考再现 :They heard the party was _because of the exam. e up with 提出,想出（答案,方案等）He _many ideas to solve these problem already. 7.used to 变否定句或疑问句经常借助助动词 did. 确定句 主语 +used to+动词原形 . 否定句 主语 +didn t use to+动词原形 . 确定答语 Yes,主语+did. 一般疑问句 否定答语 N

19、o,主语 +didn t. 8. care 的延长 : 派生词 :careful 当心的carefully 当心地 careless马虎的 carelessly 马虎地短语：care for 照管,喜爱 care about 关怀,在意 take care 当心 take care of 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 照管,照管9.such+ a/an+形容词 +名词=so+形容词 +a/an+名词“ 如此 .”留意：当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时,要用 so,而不用 s

20、uch. 中考再现： We had _awful weather _we couldn t finish the work on time. A. so, that B. such, that C. such an, that 10. -ing 是名词后缀； e.g.：reading 阅读 writing 写作 spelling 拼写 swimming游泳 skating 滑冰 fishing 钓鱼 smoking 抽烟11.be satisfied/pleased with. 对. 中意 12.常见的“take+介词 /副词 ” 短语：satisfaction n. 中意,满意take do

21、wn 写下,拆除 take off 起飞,脱掉 take out 取出,掏出 take in 吸取take over 接管 take away 带走 take up 占用 take back 收回中考再现： I _my father s wet shoes and washed his feet. A. took out B. took off C. took place 13.常见的“ 动词 +away”的短语：throw away 扔掉,丢弃 run away 逃跑get away 逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away 离开,使不接近 take away 带走go away

22、离开 put away 收起来 give away 捐赠 stay away 远离-What are you doing, Mum. -I m _some old things for a yard sale. A. giving away B. hurrying up C. cleaning out D. walking into 14.be similar to 和.相像 /类似e.g.: His dress is similar to mine in color. 15.常考的不同时态的被动语态：一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时现在完成时am/is/are +done wa

23、s/were +done am/is/are being +done will be +done am/is/are going to be +done have/has been +done 中考再现： These model cars _in China in 2022. A. are made B. were made C. make D. made 16.make it +adj.（+for sb.+to do sth. 使某人做某事 . find it + adj. （+for sb.+to do sth. 发觉 .怎么样17.be excited about 因.而兴奋不已 同根词

24、： excite v. 使兴奋,使兴奋e.g.: We were excited about the good news. excited adj.兴奋的,兴奋的（常用来修饰人）exciting adj.令人兴奋的,兴奋的 常用来修饰事或物） excitement n.兴奋,兴奋They are _about the _news. A. excited, excited B. exciting, exciting C. exciting, excited D. excited, exciting 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - -

25、- - - - - 18.could 的用法 : 表建议,语气较委婉“ 可以”e.g.: You could help to clean the park. can 的过去式,表示过去具备的才能；e.g.: She couldn t dress herself until five. 19.动词不定式的用法 A.动词不定式的语法功能 作主语 To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well. 作表语 作宾语 作宾语 补足语 作定语 作状语My job is to look af

26、ter patients. We want to go swimming. She invited me to go to the concert. I have something important to tell you. She got up early to catch the early bus. 中考再现 :I was tired out, so I stopped the car _a short rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和相伴状况等的一种句法成份

27、 . 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词 或短语来担当 .其位置一般放在句末 ,但也可放在句首或句中 . 1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词 等概念 . ,形容词 ,副词或全句的词 ,说明时间 ,地点 ,程度 ,方式He speaks English very well. 他英语说得特别好 . （ very 是程度副词 ,用来修饰 well. very well 是修饰 speak 的程度状语）2.介词短语The boy was praised for his bravery. 那个男孩由于他的英勇受到了夸奖.（for his bravery 在句中作缘由状语）3.从句

28、作状语 If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 假如我明天不忙 ,我将和 你一起踢足球 .（If I am not busy tomorrow 在句中作条件状语）4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语 . I come specially to see you. 我特地来看你 . （to see you在句中充当目的状语）5.分词作状语 Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper. 和他妻子吵架 后,他愤怒地地离家出走了 .（ havin

29、g had a quarrel 在句中作时间状语）Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager left for the airport in a hurry. （reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20 在句中作时间状语）由于时间关系 ,所附例句有限 ,期望你能对状语有一个概要的明白 . B.“ 特殊疑问词 +动词不定式” 结构 动词不定式可以用在疑问词 what, how, when, where, which 等之后, 作主语, 宾 语,表语等；6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

30、-第 6 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g.: How to get there is a problem. （作主语）I don t know what to say. 作宾语）The question is how to learn English well. 作表语）中考再现： -It s important for us to know _all the subjects. -Yeah, group work is my favorite. A. how to study B. when to study C. which to study D.

31、 what to study C.含动词不定式的常用搭配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语 e.g.: We plan to go climbing. plan, hope, agree, decide 等；My father agreed to take us to the museum. They decide to join the swimming club. 有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth. 告知某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth. 勉励某人做某事warn sb.to do

32、 sth. 警告某人做某事ask sb.to do sth. 恳求某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事中考再现 : We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. leaving B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave 20.repair, mend, fix 区分repair 意为 “ 修理” ,修理的对象着重于破旧,毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体； e.g. : When I got hom

33、e, my brother was repairing his radio. mend 意为“ 修理” ,修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品；如粘贴的小用具,玩具,要缝补的衣物等； e.g.：My kite is broken. Can you mend it？fix 意为“ 修理” ,强调校准,校正；e.g.: He s outside fixing the brakes in the car. 21.alone, lonely 区分alone lonely 可以作形容词,副词,强调独自一人,没有同伴；作形容词时,在 句中多用作表语或宾语补足语,不能作定语；只能作形容词,意为“ 孤独的,孤寂的” 带

34、有肯定的感情颜色I was alone, but I did not feel lonely. 中考再现 :She lives _in a small village, but she didn t feel _. A. lonely, lonely B. alone, lonely C. lonely, alone 22.open, close, turn on, turn off open 用于能直接打开或关上的东西,如：门,窗,盒子,书close turn on turn off 用于需要通过按钮,遥控或旋转才能打开的东西,如：电器（灯,电视,电脑）或水龙头tap 7 名师归纳总结 -

35、- - - - - -第 7 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 23.bring, take, carry, fetch bring 意为“ 带来” ,指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take 意为“ 带走 ” ,指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry 一般指 “ 随身携带 ” ,此外多用于汽车,火车的交通工具时,表“ 运载”fetch 表示“ 去取来” ,口语中常用 get,表示“ 去某地取某物,再回来” ,表双向动作Unite3 Could you please clean your room. 1. “Could you please do s

36、th. ” 的答语以下两种情形：接受恳求时 可以用 Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./My pleasure./It s my pleasure./With pleasure. 等来回答拒绝恳求时 可以用 Sorry./Sorry, I can t.等来回答,仍可以用 I have to do sth.来说明缘由其否定句是 :“ Could you please not do sth. ”2. 有关“ 家务劳动” 有关的短语：take out the rubbish/trash 倒垃圾fold one s clothes 叠衣

37、服sweep the floor 扫地 clean the room 打扫房间make ones /the bed 铺床do the dishes/wash the dishes 洗餐具3. throw down 扔下 throw at 扔向,掷向 throw away 扔掉,丢弃中考再现： Recycling is good, so don t _bottles or newspapers. A. find out B. hand in C. use up D. throw away 4. the minute 表示“ 一 .就.”,相当于 as soon as.引导时间状语从句 e.g.:

38、 I ll tell him the minute he gets there. 5. 常见 time 的短语：all the time 始终,总是 at times 不时,有时 in time 准时 on time 按时 for the first time 第一次 in no time 立刻,立刻 at any time 随时 at the same 同时have a good/great/wonderful time 玩的开心 by the time 到.的时候中考再现： -Hurry up. It s almost time for school. -Don t worry. We a

39、re sure to be at school_. A. at times B. on time C. all the time D. by the time 中考再现： -Hurry up. Its almost time for school. -Don t worry. We are sure to be at school_. A at times B. on time C. all the time D. by the time 否定结构是 not as/so as, 表示“ 不如 .,比不 上 .”6. as .as 表示“ 和 .一样” ,之间要用形容词或副词的原级；e.g.:

40、She is as tall as her elder brother. 中考再现： Look. This house is as _as that one. A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautiful 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. so, neither 引导的倒装句 结构用法so+助动词 /be 动词 /情态动词 +主语 neither+ 助动词 /be 动词 /情态动词 +主 语当前面表达的确定事实也适用于后者 时 当前面表达的否定事

41、实也适用于后者 时中考再现： -I don t understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob. -_. A. Neither I do B. Neither do I C. So do I 8. in surprise 诧异地 e.g.: She looked at me in surprise. 9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序；e.g.: She asked me why I liked cartoons. 中考再现： -I d like to know _. -Maybe in the forest. A. whether

42、 we will go camping B. where we will go camping C. whether will we go camping D. where will we go camping 10. in order to “ 目的是,为了” ,后跟动词原形；in order to do sth. 表示“ 为了做某事” ,否定结构是 in order not to do sth. “为了不做某事 ” ；so that, in order that 表示“ 目的是,为了” ,用来引导目的状语从句,可以转换为含 to, in order to 的句子；中考再现 : In ord

43、er _for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late 11. provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. 表示“ 给某人供应某物” ；中考再现： Parents often _their children _some good advice. A. offer; with B. offer;/ C. provide; with D

44、. both B and C 12. “ 动词 +on” 的短语： depend on/upon 依靠,依靠,取决于 ., 由 .打算get on 上车turn on 打开come on 快点,加油put on 穿上,上演call on 号召pass on 传递concentrate on 用心,集中精力中考再现： -Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow. -It _ the weather. D. holds on A. carries on B. lives on C. depends on 13. since 作连词,意味“ 由于,既然” ,此时引导缘由状语从句,表示因果时语气没有 because剧烈；（介词）,自以来 ,自从（副词）,从那 以后,此后 连词 ,既然,He has eaten nothing since yesterday. I