2022年英语各种词性前后缀及习题_共页.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 各种词性前后缀1. 常见前缀前缀含义例词en- 使可能enrich 丰富 enable 使能够,使有机会enlarge 扩大dis- 不,否定dissatisfy 使不中意disappear 消逝 disagree 不同意 dishonesty不诚恳disadvantage 不利条件un- 不unable 不能够unlucky 不幸的unhappy 不高兴的un+ v. 做相反动作undress 脱衣服unload 卸货uncover 掀开in- 不,非inactive 不活跃的incorrect 不正确的im- impolite 不礼貌的im

2、possible 不行能的immoral 不道德的ir- irregular 不规章的irresponsible 不负责任的il- 不,非illogical 不合规律的illegal 非法的non- non-existent 不存在的non-stop 直达的 ,连续不断的名师归纳总结 mis- 错误的,坏的misunderstand 误会 mislead 误导misfortune 厄运 ,不幸第 1 页,共 5 页Re- 重复,再rewrite 重写 , remarry 再婚super- 在上面,超级supermarket 超市 supermodel 超级名模superstar 超级明星und

3、er- 在 之下underestimate 低估 underground 地下的inter- 相互,之间international 国际的interact 沟通 ,合作 ,相互作用semi- 半semifinal 半决赛semicircle 半圆semi-conscious 半昏迷半清醒的multi- 多,多种multi-national 多国的multi-colored 多种颜色的multi-cultural多文化的kilo- 千kilometer 千米 ,公里 kilogram 千克tele- 远telephone 电话television 电视- - - - - - -精选学习资料 -

4、- - - - - - - - a- 在 上 /里aboard 在船 /火车 /飞机上ahead 在前面向 . aside 向旁边abroad 在国外2. 名词后缀后 缀含 义例 词n.+er 相关的人farmer 农夫officer 官员v.+er 从事某种职业、进行teacher 老师 worker 工人某种活动的人reader 读者 writer 作家地点名词 +er 住在某处的人Londoner 伦敦人villager 村民-ess 女 actress 女演员hostess 女主人-or 同 er- conductor 售票员visitor 游客inventor 创造家actor 演员

5、survivor 幸存者editor 编辑-ar 同 er- beggar 乞丐-ese 某国人 ,某国语Chinese 中国人 ,汉语Japanese 日本人 ,日语-ian 从事某职业的人musician 音乐家physician 医师 ,内科医生-ist 从事某职业的人scientist 科学家dentist 牙医pianist 钢琴家artist 艺术家communist 共产主义者socialist 社会主义者行为的结果argument 争辩 judgment 判定-ment -ness 状态 , 情形 ,特点happiness 幸福 illness 疾病-tion 动作 ,行为di

6、ctation 听写preparation 预备-ship 身份 ,状态leadership 领导friendship 友情citizenship 国籍；公民权-ance 以该名词容量为单位acceptance接受appearance 外表；显现confidence 信息reference 参考-ence glassful 一杯mouthful 一口n.+ful plateful 一盘spoonful 一羮匙的量-al refusal 拒绝denial 抵赖arrival 到达approval 赞成；批准burial 掩埋；葬礼survival 幸存-y difficulty困难 possib

7、ility 可能性-ism socialism 社会主义materialism 唯物主义3 . 形容词后缀名师归纳总结 后 缀例 词第 2 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - -al industrial 工业的national 国家的 ,民族的-an -ern -able -ful -ish -ive -y -en -ous -ary -ic -some -like -ly -less European 欧洲的American 美国的 ,美洲的eastern东方的northern 北方的southern 南方的reasonable 合理的

8、believable 可信任的unbearable 难以忍耐的careful 认真的 ,当心的cheerful 兴致勃勃的beautiful 漂亮的childish 孩子般的selfish 自私的foolish 愚蠢的active 活跃的 ,积极的creative 制造性的destructive 破坏的；毁灭性的thirsty 口渴的dirty 脏的 windy 有风的golden 金色的 ,金的wooden 木的 ,木质的woolen 羊毛的continuous 连续的various 各种各样的imaginary 幻想的revolutionary 革命的realistic 现实的histor

9、ic 历史的troublesome 麻烦的lonesome 孤独的 , 孤寂的childlike 孩子般的 ,单纯的womanlike 女人般的friendly 友好的lovely 可爱的careless 马虎的harmless 无害的homeless 无家可归的useless 无用的4. 动词后缀后缀含义例 词-en 使 成为 , widen 加宽sharpen 削尖 deepen 加深 strengthen 加强shorten 缩短soften 软化 quicken 加快使 具有adj. +ize 使 变成 , Americanize 美国化civilize 使开化modernize 现代

10、化nationalize 国有化使 化-y 使 化beautify 美化 simplify 简化5. 副词后缀-ly 是最常见的副词后缀 , 可以附加在形容词后,构成与原形容词意义相同的副词；如：slowly 缓慢地 happily 兴奋地 truly 真实地 wholly 全部地 simply 纯粹地名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 练习1. 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词, 假如所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其改为名词, 并留意名词数的变化；1Do you know the _ deep of

11、the river. 2His _ careful resulted in the terrible accident 3He is one of the _ science who support this theory. 答案： 1 depth 2 carelessness 3 scientists 2. 动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词, 假如所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否出名词形式,假如出名词形式,就用其名词形式；假如该动词没出名词形式,就用其动名词；如：1Please pay _ attend to your handwriting. 2 His _ arrive made the

12、situation worse. 3The teacher was angry at my _ come late. 答案： 1 attention 2 arrival 3 coming 3. 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词；假如所需词为副词时 1The boy ran _ quick to school. 2“ Whats that.”Father shouted _ angry. , 仍要考虑副词级的变化；如：3The little girl is _ （extreme）eager to know the result of the exam ；4. He was very tired af

13、ter doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “ grow ”_ height. 答案： 1 quickly 2 angrily 3 extremely 4 higher 4. 在名词前作定语,在系动词后做表语,以及作主语或宾语的补足语时,通常要用形容词 假如所需词为形容词时 , 仍要考虑形容词级的变化；1 What s the _ width river in the world. 2 The _ strength we become, the more modest we should b

14、e. 答案： 1 widest 2 stronger 5 即时训练单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空；1. Mary was very _ at the news, so she looked _ at her husband, her eyes full of _ sad. 2. He _football very well and he was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. play 3. Look. How _ Kate is laughing. She seems to be the _ girl in the worl

15、d happy. 4. To our _, the headmaster was very _ with our report. satisfy 5. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. invent 6. I should _ my task and make it _ to finish it. simple 7. The boy having the _ of being half starved _, never to be seen again. appear 8. The police _ the pot and

16、 _ a plot against the President. cover 9. You are so _ to help me. Thank you for your _. kindly 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. Everything is becoming _ than before and many college students had to work to make some mone y for their college _. expend 语篇填空：用所给词的适当形式填空A Raf

17、ting is an_1_ excite adventure. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience_2_natural . If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks. If you are looking for more_3_

18、（excite）, you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is_4_（adventure） and_5_difficulty than normal rafting. It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves_6_ quick. You have to be_7_ care not to hit rocks, trees and other_8_ dangerous. The name “ Whitewater ”comes from the fa

19、ct that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly. B Steve Jones is an_1_environment expert who tries to keep animals and plants from_2_become endangered. If we know more about what causes_3_ danger, we may be able to take measures before it is too late. A species can b

20、ecome _4_ endanger for_5_ differ reasons. Animals and plants must have a habitat or home, which is_6_ comfort and clean, and where there is enough food and other resources. Otherwise they can not live_7_ comfortable. They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live_8_ su

21、cceed in their habitat. 【参考答案】一、单句填空1. sad, sadly, sadness 2. played, players 3. happily, happiest 4. satisfaction, satisfied 5. inventor; inventions 6. simplify, simpler/simple 7. appearance, disappeared 8. discovered, uncovered 9. kind, kindness 10. more expensive, expenses 二、语篇填空A. 1. exciting 2. nature 3. excitement 4. adventurous 5. difficult 6. quickly 7. careful 8. dangers B. 1. environmental 2. becoming 3. endangerment 4. endangered 5. different 6. comfortable 7. comfortably 8. successfully 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页