2022年初中英语语法知识总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即 使讲真话也没人信任；2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺 欺人；3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川；4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马；5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不 玩耍,聪慧孩子

2、也变傻；6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终；7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩；8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅；9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情；10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得伴侣难,失伴侣易；11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是胜利的一 半；12、A good beginning makes

3、 a good ending. 善始者善终；13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友；14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口；15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒；16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,不名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思用请医生；17、A single flower does not make

4、a spring. 一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园；18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春；19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲；20、Better late than never. 不怕慢,单怕站；21、By reading we enrich the mind. 读书使人充实,22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机 遇；23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to suc

5、cess. 自信是走向胜利的第一步；24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的；25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯, 事事皆不难；26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上,不如落实在 行动上；27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不行半途而废；28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事,今日毕；29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles yo

6、u. 不要自 找麻烦；30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思31、Easier said than done. 说得简洁,做得难；32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆忙,去也匆忙；33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着,但活 着不是为了吃饭；34、Ever

7、y man has his faults. 金无足赤,人无完人；35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命 运自己把握；36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争；37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩；39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是胜利之母；40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助；41、Health is better

8、 than wealth. 健康赛过财宝；42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本；43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿 望,做最坏的准备；44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老；45、Knowledge is power. 学问就是力气 46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女；47、No pain, no gain.（不劳无获； ）名师归纳总结 48、You never know till you have

9、tried. 不尝试,第 3 页,共 41 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思不知晓；49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲；50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是胜利之母；51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy a n dw i s e . 早睡早起,使人健康名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - -

10、- - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思、富 裕 和 聪 颖；52、Experience is the best teacher.体会是最好的老师；53 、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思54 、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成；55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧； ）56、Pride

11、 goes before a fall（自豪必败； ）Superstar and I 名师归纳总结 It common that many students are crazy about those 第 6 页,共 41 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the

12、 greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats mI can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasn t built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams. Supe

13、rstar and I Her name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dreamthat she sang touched everyone heart who had a dream and wanted to realiz

14、e it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way. 答：下面是中学英语语法总结,你可参考学习,或许有不全面的地方,欢迎你有不懂的问题 再具体提问；另外,我个人认为猜题对于提高考试成果没有多大作用和意义,并不行取,建 议你进行全面复习,打下扎实的基础学问,以不变应万变；顺祝复习顺当 . 语法总复习 第一节 名词与代词名词可分为专出名词和一般名词

15、两类；而一般名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思词和抽象名词；其中,个体名词和集体名词为可数名词,而物质名词和抽象名词为不行数名 词；名词的复数构成通常是在其后加s；但以 -s,-x,-ch,-sh 和大部分以 o 结尾的名词后 加-es；以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的名词把“y” 变成“i ”,再加 -es；有些名词的复数构成是不 规章的,有其特殊形式；有些名词在不同的情形下,属不同的名词词类,因此有时为可数,有时就为不行数：名词的格可分为

16、主格作主语 ,宾格 作宾语 和全部格 表示全部关系；代词可分为人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,相互代词,不定代词,指示代词,关系代词,连接代词和疑问 代词等九类；名词的用法 可数名词除非前面有冠词或表示单数的限定词,否就要用其复数形式,例如：If a person disobeys the order ,he will be punished severely The teacher firstly divided his students into four groupsThe reference book can be used to answer questions,to solve pr

17、oblems or to obtain information on a particular topic These courses are especially designed for senior students有些名词的复数构成是不规章的,如：child-children , foot-feet ； goose-geese, mouse-mice, man-men, ox-oxen, tooth-teeth ,woman-women 等；例如：Every fall geese f1y over the house The dentist told him that several

18、teeth of his need to be filled Mrs. Smith has three children ,and Tonny is the youngest oneI think weve got mice in the kitchen 有些名词的单复数形式是一样的,如：Chinese,Japanese,Burmese缅甸 ,Spanish 西班牙 ,Lebanese 黎巴嫩 ,Portuguese 葡萄牙 ,Swiss瑞士 sheep,deer,swine 猪,fish,carp鲤 鱼,salmon 鲑,means,series,species, aircraft ,spa

19、cecraft 等；例如：The best fish are near the bottomWhen they got to the New World ,Spanish constructed their houses with Moorish architectural featuresI saw a white sheep running down the road Judging by his language,he must be a Japaneseof 后的名词要用复数形式；例如：在表示一类事物时,介词Beethoven is of the greatest musicians

20、in the world The Animal Art Festival is being held at Shanghai zoo, which is one of the most welcome festivals in the city. As one of the countries that bear responsibility for the incident, German Chancellor Schroeder holds that the organization should apologize to Chinese government unconditionall

21、y. She is one of the three martyrs who were killed in NATOs bombing on the Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia. 大多数集体名词可作单数,也可作复数,如：army,audience,class,committee,crew 全体船员,乘务员 ,crowd,faculty ,family, government group orchestra ,public ,team,union 等；但有些虽然是单数形式,却用作复数, 如：cattle（牡畜） mankind 人类 ,militia 民兵 ,pe

22、ople,police,poultry 家畜 ,staff 全体职员 等；例如：The president said the Chinese Gowrnment is paying close attention to developments in this matter, and continues to reserve the right to take future action. The cattle, were grazing on the meadow near the farm. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - - - - -

23、- - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思The audience were amused by his humorous stories. My family is far away from the school. 有些名词只有复数形式,而且也只用作复数,如：clothes,glasses,spectacles,pants,arms武器,belongings全部物 ,customs海关 ,goods货物 ,suburbs郊区 ,papers文件 等；而有些名词形式为复数,却用作单数,如：electronics 电子学 ,mathematics数学 ,optics光学 ,poli

24、tics , statistics统计学 等；例如：The shorts he wears are made of leather. Linguistics is a difficult subject to study. He used to study electronics which isn t his favorite suject I love to live in the suburbs that are conclusive 有些名词一般情形下以单数形式显现,表示总体；但假如表示如干、多次或几种时,就要用 其复数；这类词有：hair, fruit ,pollution ,rai

25、n, difficulty , success,wind ,failure ,favour 等；例如：The barber had been cutting human hair for two years before he came to Los Angeles Mother bought oranges ,bananas and other fruits. These caves collapse easily in heavyrains, and great winds He s having financial difficulties 有些名词一般只有单数形式,它们通常是表示物质和

26、抽象概念的不行数名词,像：advice,baggage,bread,corn,clothing ,equipment,education,fun,furniture ,food ,fruit ,garbage,grass,happiness,homework ,housework,humanity ,information ,knowledge ,landscape,1aughter,machinery,mankind ,merchandise,money,music,nonsense, nature,population ,progress,scenery,smoke,sweat,stren

27、gth,traffic ,thunder,ink ,jewellery ,damage,mail , work ,soap,sugar,gold ,chalk ,cloth ,anger,applause,cake,chocolate,poverty 等；例如：I must seek the advice of a specialist in the matter of the transfer of property rightsHeadache is the most common disease of human. I really get a lot of fun from readi

28、ng in leisure time. The population of Shanghai is very big. 有些名词单复数的含义不同,使用时要依据上下文的意思进行挑选；这 类词包括：communication 通讯 communications 通讯系统,通讯工具, cloth 布 -clothes 衣服 ,content 内 容 -contents 目 录 , convenience 便 利 -conveniences 便 利 设 备 , humanity 人 类-humanities 人文科学 ,necessity需要 -necessities必需品 ,wood 木材 -woo

29、ds 树林 ,pain疼痛 pains辛苦 , ruin 毁灭 -ruins 废墟,遗迹 作-works 工厂,著作 等；例如：“ Hometown ” is one of Lu Xun s most famous works,sand沙子 -sands沙滩 ,work 工The insurance company paid $98,700 in damages for the accident My child enjoys playing on the sands No pains,no gains有些名词只有复数形式；如：fundamentals基本原就 , goods货物 , mean

30、s方法 ,shorts短裤 ,sweets欢快 , valuables珍贵物品 等；The fundamentals are made to guarantee the social stability Don t take any valuables there for the sake of safety. The goods were purchased from him aren t expensive. I think our problem can be solved by means of negotiation. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 41 页

31、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思名词做定语时,不能用作复数；例如：Please check your examination paper carefully after finishing ；The Chinas Central Television Station supplies weather report everyday ,Youd better inform my family members before leaving for BeijingThe United States and Germany are two mem

32、ber states of NATO. 复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数；如：lookers-on , runners-up ,sons-in-law , editors-in-chief, passers-by , grand-children , armymanarmymen ,room-numbers ,shoe laces,dinner plates,blood types 等；假如没有主体名词,就在最终一个词上加复数词尾；如：go-betweens, drawbacks等；留意以man,woman 构成的复合名词, 全部变成复数； 如：man-servantmen-se

33、rvants, woman-soldier women-soldiers；例如：Would you bring me some dinner plates. We had a wonderful talk with some women-soldiers Don t regard yourselves as passers-by under such circumstancesWe are of different blood types 名词的全部格一般在词尾加 s,已有复数词尾-s 的,只加；例如：We must work hard to fulfil the country s plan

34、sThe school is within a stone s throwNearby are her relatives housesCould you tell me the Smiths s addres. 名词全部格有时仍可以和 of 构成短语,有以下两种情形：1它所修饰的词前面有一个表示数量的词,如：a, two,several,some,any,no, few 等；2它所修饰的词前面有 +个指示代词,使句子表示某种心情；例如：Several students of Lao Yang s acted in the playWe saw a play Guo Moros. At bir

35、th ,the head of a baby is extremely large in relation to the rest of the body ；I have some records of NaYings. 2代词的用法1人称代词有主格人称代词,在句中充当主语：I,you,he,she,it, we,you,they 和宾格人称代词,在句中充当宾语：me, you,him,her,it, us,you；them；例如：We havent seen each other for a long time since he went abroadLet you and me have

36、an appointment for the next weekend. Have you got any idea about this issue. Tell us whatever youve heard. 2物主代词可在句中作定语,有指人的：my,our,your,his,her 和 their；有指物的 :it , his或 her指国家或轮船 ；名词性物主代词作表语、主语、宾语,与of 连用可作定语：yours,ours,theirs,mine,her,his,its；例如：Tonny is an old friend of mine My dormitory is next to

37、 yours ,and Marys is on the third floor Titanic sank with her several thousand passengersNext time its on my treat 3反身代词亦称自身代词,可作宾语、表语,作主语或宾语的同位语,仍与某些动词连用,与介词连用构成成语；有：themselves；例如：myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself, itself,ourselves,yourselves,These children are too young to take care of themselves

38、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Dont worry ,he will be himself again soon Although Uncle George is a bad-tempered man ,I think he is a kind man in himself You should be responsible for yourself 4相互代词表示相互关系,有：each other两者之间 和 one another多者之间 ；例如：I met Mis

39、s Scott this morning ,and we greeted each otherWe should learn from one another and make progress together ,5指示代词在句中充当主语、宾语和定语,有：this,that,these,those；Such 也是指示代词,可作定语、主语和表语,修饰可数名词时要与 a 连用；例如：Nowadays TV programs are much more colorful than those Of the past The money spent on entertainment ,accordi

40、ng to some authorities ,has exceeded that spent on public health I want to know this ：are you talking about the accident I encountered yesterday. His future is closely bound with that of the company；You shouldnt trust on such a person who never keeps his promise 6疑问代词有 who,whom ,whose,what which ；wh

41、o 可作主语和表语； whom 作宾语, whose,what,which 可作主语、表语、宾语和定语,其中作主语时,要看所代表的人或物是单数仍 是复数,假如不清晰,就动词一般用单数；Who will see to this matter. Whom have you chosen to be responsible for the work. It is hard to decide whose is better. Whats on your schedule. Which university did he enter at last. 7关系代词有 who,whom,whose,tha

42、t,which ；which 代表事物, that 代表人或物；在非限 that,而用 whom 代表人,用 which 代表物,或代表主句所说的全 制性定语从句中,不能用 部内容；在带有 a11,something,nothing ,anything ,much 等的句子中不能用 which ,而用that；例如：Our football team was defeated again ,which shows our players need much more effort The factory now has over 1,000 workers ,half of whom are

43、women He promised to tell us all that he knew Whose turn to make presentation is bcyond me. 8连接代词有： what,who,whonl ,whose,which ,用来连接主语从句、宾语从句和表浯从 句； Whoever,whomever ,whichever , whatever 为复合代词；例如：I didnt know what to do at that very moment The government sell public houses to whoever provides enou

44、gh amount Of money Whomever I worry about is none of your business Take whichever you like ,please其次节形容词与副词形容词和副词在语法结构上都有比较级和最高级,它们的构成方法基本上一样,都与音 节多少有关,有些形容词和副词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式；二者基本分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式；1形容词与副词的用法 形容词中有词形相近的,也有词义相近的,应留意区分；如：1behind 在后的 -hind 后部的 , considerate周到的,爱护的-considerable 应考虑的 ,名师归

45、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 41 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思eminent 闻 名 的 -imminent 紧 迫 的 , gracious 亲 切 的 -graceful 优 雅 的 , like 有 生 命的-alive 活的 ,industrious 勤劳的 -industrial 工业的 ,like 同样的 -alike 同样的,仅作表语 , opposite 相对的 -opposing 反对的 , perspective 透视的 -respective 各自的 ,sensitive伤感的 -sensible明显的 ,etc,；例如：We did enjoy your staying in Beijing,and Mrs. Yan is really considerate Professor