2022年初中英语八年级下册Unit知识点语法精讲精练.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Module 1 Social communication Unit 1 Helping those in need （ 1） Words raise v. 筹募,增高,增加 permission n.准许,不行数名词 ask permission 报请批准 disabled adj.丢失才能的 able adj. 有才能的 be able to = can offer v.主动提出 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事,serious adj. 严峻的ly adv. organize v. 组织 organization n. l

2、onely adj. 孤独的 alone difficulty n. 困难 difficult adj. 困难的hurt v.损害 hurt oneself 伤了自己 hurt , hurt pay v. 付费 pay for 与 take cost spend 的区分（ 2） Phrases in need 需要帮忙的 voluntary work 义务工作 ask permission 报请批准suffer from 因 受苦 raise ones spirits 使兴奋 = cheer up in order to 目的在于so that 为的是 与 so that的区分 make fr

3、iends with 与 交伴侣look after = take care of = care for 照料 because of 由于 与 because 的区分talk to / with / about 谈论 teach sb. to do sth. 交某人做某事offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 take photos of 照相 help sb. do / with sth. 帮忙某人做某事 continue to do sth. 连续做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 in good health 身体健康be afraid of + n. / pro

4、n / doing 可怕 enjoy oneself / doing 玩的开心 /喜爱做某事decide to do sth. 打算做某事（ 3） Sentences 1 I met a girl called Cindy. 我遇见一个叫森迪的女孩；过去分词作后置定语 called = named 2 We taught them to tell stories . 我们教他们讲故事；tell talk speak say 的区分tell “告知,叙述 ” ,把某事 / 信息传达给别人 tell stories tell a lie talk 交谈,讲话 ” ,talk to / with s

5、b. talk about sth. speak “说,发言 ” ,+ 语言say “说”, 强调说话的内容；3 We spent time with a girl called Vivien . 我们和一个叫薇薇安的女孩共度时间；spend “花费 ” 主语（人） + spends + money / time + （in）doing sth. / on + n. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4 I taught them to sing because music can bring then joy a

6、nd peace . 我教他们唱歌是由于音乐可以给他们带来欢乐和安静；teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事bring take get carry 的区分bring “带来 ”+ 双宾语-来 Remember to bring me the pictures. take “带到,去 ” 去-I wont take you here .get 去某处将某人 / 物带到说话人处 Please get some paper for me . carry 强调负重或搬运 Hecarried a baby on his back . 5 One of them had difficult

7、y walking . 其中有一位病人行走困难；One of + 可数名词复数 / 代词复数 谓语动词用单数One of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词“最 之一 ”6 He used to love sport until he hurt his legs in an accident . 他过去喜爱运动,直到他在一起事故中双腿受伤；until “ 直到 才 ”a until 与连续性动词连用时,动词用确定形式；e.g.We walked until it got dark . b until 与非连续性动词连用时,动词用否定形式；e.g.The little girl didn

8、t stop crying until she saw her mo4Grammar 动词不定式结构：to + 动词原形（有时 to 可省略）用法：1 作宾语（作及物动词的宾语,不作介词宾语）Remember to post the letter . 2 作宾补放在宾语后,表示宾语是什么或怎么样；ask , tell , like , love , hate , would like , teach , want , etc. e.g.The doctor wanted him to have a good rest . 3 作目的状语 常用逗号与句子隔开,在末尾时,就不用；e.g.To ge

9、t there on time , we set out at five in the morning . He goes there to enjoy the fresh air . 5Practice 名师归纳总结 millions of 数百万的be unable to不能be able to能 = can 第 2 页,共 36 页since then 从那时以来close to 靠近in order to 为了- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院 6Exercise 用括号中

10、所给单词的适当形式填空；1 I plan _ go to Canada this summer . 2 Did they enjoy _ them in the park . 3 He decided _ live in another city . 4 It took us two hours _ get to Beijing by train . 5 A restaurant needs lots of water for _ wash the dishes . 6 What do we use _ clean toilets . 7 My father is too tired . He

11、 needs _ rest . 8 Thank you for _ look after my sister . 9 Don t forget _ close the window when you leave . 10 It is very bad _ pollute the groundwater . 11 They offered to _ help those in need . 12 He is _ disabled to swim in the river . 13 Jack was _ serious hurt in the accident . 14 Tom didnt com

12、e to school today because he was _ illness .15 I like _ organize parties .It is very interesting . 16 She fell onto the ground and felt very _ pain . 17 Last night , my parents went out . So I watched TV _ lonely . 18 Miss White has no friends , so she often feels _ lonely . 19 The new neighbour is

13、very _ friendship . 20 This book is very _ difficulty for me . Unit 1 Helping those in need 一重点词汇详解： 1. Helping those in need. in need:意为 “ 有困难的 ” 常位于名词后作后置定语名师归纳总结 in need of 需要什么第 3 页,共 36 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例： A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情！The buildings is in need

14、 of painting. 这座建筑需要粉涮； 2. Could you give me a hand. Here you are. give sb a hand: = 帮忙某人 3. to ask permission to raise money （ 1）permission n. = agreement 准许；批准 ask permission to do sth 报请批准permit v. - 过去式：- 过去分词：permit sb. to do sth. = . 答应某人做某事（2）raise v. 筹集；提升；增加 =move it higher 第三人称单数：过去式：过去分词：

15、现在分词：搭配： raise ones voice 提高嗓门； raise a family 养家糊口； raise money 筹款；raise price 提高价格； raise ones spirits 打起精神raise = keep 有“饲养,抚养 ” 的意思,如： 辨析： raise, riserise-rose-risen的区分raise children（抚养孩子）这两个词都有 “提高,上升,增加” 的意思,但其用法不同；raise 是及物动词,其主语通常是人；而 rise 是不及物动词,其主语通常是物；例如： The sun rises and bathes the eart

16、h. 太阳升起,普照大地；If you want to ask question, please raise your hand. 假如你想问问题,请举手！ 4. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays. （1）teenagers：n 青少年在口语中常用teen 来表示 “青少年 ”（2）offer ：v. =be willing to do something 主动提出offer to do sth. 主动提出Peter offered to teach them water-s

17、kiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水； 辨析： provide, offer, give 的区分：1. provide 仅仅是出于某种责任,强调供应必需用的东西,特别是生活用品；常用于 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中；2. offer 表示主动供应服务、工作等；常用于offer sb. sth.或 offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中；例如： offer sb.主动提出帮忙某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资；3. give 意为 “给” 常用于give sb sth=give

18、sth to sb 给某人某物（3）voluntary ：adj. 自愿的,自发的；无偿的；adv：自愿地自愿者练习： 1. Schools need _ to help children to read. 学校需要义务工作者帮忙儿童阅读；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. In her spare time she does _work. 她在业余时间做义工； 5. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. （1） suffer：v （因疾病等

19、）受苦,受磨练She suffered greatly as a child. 她童年深受苦难；suffer from 因 而痛楚 , 指长期的或习惯性的痛楚或困难；1. suffer from+ 疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减退等）,表示患病、为 受苦；She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病；2. suffer from+ 自然灾难China suffered from bad floods in 2022. 2022年中国遭受严峻的水灾（2） serious：adj 严峻的= bad and dangerous adv.serious 仍有以下意思：1

20、. 仔细的：He is a serious student and works very hard. 他是一个仔细的同学,学习特别努力；2. 庄重的：Be serious. Dont make fun of me. 庄重点！别拿我开玩笑！（3） illness n. （某种）病 = in bad health ill adj. 生病的 ; 坏的留意：当 illness 表示某种详细的疾病时,是可数名词,但当表示“疾病,生病期间” 是不行数名词；fall ill 病倒了feel ill 感觉不舒适、生病speak ill of sb. 说某人的短处例： The children there al

21、l suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的磨练；同根词： ill adj. 有病的（比较级： worse, 最高级： worst） 辨析： ill, sick 的区分：1. ill 和 sick 都有 “ 生病的； 有病的 ” 之意, 但用法并不完全相同；ill 表示 “ 生病的； 有病的 ” 这一意思时,一般用作表语,不能作定语；而 sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语,如“ 病人 ” 可以说 a sick man 或 the sick, 但不能说 an ill man 或 the ill ；例如： She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧

22、病在床；She is looking after her sick father. 她在照料她生病的父亲；2. sick 有“ 恶心的；厌倦的” 之意；例如： The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心；ill 作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的 ” 之意；例如： He is an ill child. 他是一个坏孩子； 6. We organized a painting competition for them. 名师归纳总结 （1）organize v. 组织策划n. 组织者n. 组织第 5 页,共 36 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - -

23、- - - - - （2）competition n. 竞赛v. 竞赛n. 竞赛者adj. 有竞争力的 7. I met a girl called Cindy. Called 被叫做=named 名为那个被叫做Lucy 的女孩是我们学校最好The girl called Lucy is one of the best students in our school. 的同学之一 8. We taught them to tell stories. Taught - 一般现在时 ：老师：用法： teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事teach sb how to do sth 教某人

24、怎样做某事Teach us English 教某人英语teach oneself 自学9. This helps them express their feelings. （ 1）help v/n 意为 “ 帮忙 ”用法： help sb to do sth/do sth 帮忙某人做某事help sb with sth 帮忙某人某事With the help of sb = with one 在 的帮忙下（2）express v. 表达；表露n. 表达 ;表情 ; 习惯用语 常用复数 当 express 表示 “ 表达,表示 ” 之意是后不加双宾语 1. He expressed his th

25、anks to her. 2. He expresses her his thanks. X 练习：1. Words cannot _ how pleased I am. 言语无法表达我的开心心情；2. Teenagers often have difficulty _ themselves. 青少年在表达思想方面常常有困难；10. My friends dont understand my pain. pain n 身体上的 疼痛 adj 痛楚的,苦恼的11. She is unhappy and very lonely. lonely adj 孤独的,孤寂的 辨析： lonely,alon

26、e 的区分：1. alone 既可以用作形容词,又可以用作副词,意为“ 独自的（地）,单独的（地） ”,侧重于说明独自一人,没有同伴或助手,指的是客观情形,alone 用作形容词时,一般与be 动词连用,在句子中作表语She is alone at home. I like to work alone. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. Lonely 只作形容词,在句子中既可以作定语,又可以作表语,其比较级和最高级形式：lonelier-loneliest Lonely 用作定语时,意为“无人烟的,荒芜的,偏

27、僻的”等,用作表语时,可以表示“ 孤独的,寂寞的 ”之意,带有深厚的感情颜色,具有That is a lonely island. I was alone but I didn feel lonely. 11. She needs friendship. friendship n. 友情；友情“希望得到同伴 ” 的含义；同根词： friend n. 伴侣复数： friends. friendly adj. 友好的friendliness n. 友善12. I will continue to visit Vivien. continue to do sth = go on doing sth

28、意为 “ 连续做某事 ”13. I wanted to help disabled children. disabled adj. 有伤残的；丢失才能的；不中用I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌；同根词： disable v. = make sb. unable to do sth. 使无才能；使残废,使伤残the disable 表示残疾这一类人；enable v. = make sb. able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事搭配： mentally disabled 有智力缺陷learning disabilities

29、学习障碍14. They have difficulty walking and moving. have difficulty in doing sth 表示 “ 做某事有困难 ”= have trouble in doing sth 如后接名词：就常用have difficulty with sth 的结构15. Because music can bring them joy and peace. joy n. = happiness / pleasure兴奋,欢乐,欢乐adj.兴奋的adv.兴奋地to ones joy 使某人兴奋的是 .练习：1. Looking after the

30、baby is both painful and . 2. They greeted him _ _. 3. We should study with _ _. peace n. 寂静；安静adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；寂静的；寂静的t he Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是寂静静谧的时刻；16. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,

31、共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - courage n. 士气；英勇He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得特别英勇和坚决；同根词： encourage v. 勉励,激励；支持；促进；encourage sb to sth 勉励某人做某事My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. Unit 1 Helping those in need 一 . 按要求写单词；permission （动词）：volunteer（形容词）：ill （名词）

32、：lonely （比较级）：difficult （名词）：pain（形容词）：expression（动词）：joy（形容词）：pay（过去式）：organize（名词）：peaceful（名词）：raise（现在分词） ：二 . 从方框中挑选适当的短语并用其正确形式填空；ask permission raise money in need voluntary work offer to suffer from spend time with continue to have difficulty raise one spirits 1. My grandfather has a serious

33、 heart disease for a long time. 2. My friend drive me to the airport last week because it was raining hard and I couldntaxi. 3. The students completing the project without any help from adults. So most of them asked their parents for help. 4. I think you need to before you use Wendys computer.d rath

34、er stay at home and 5. We should use the money to help those people . . 6. I dont want to go to Paris for such a short holiday. I7. Cheer up. Simon. Drink a cup of coffee now and it may 8. The students at Guangzhou Middle School will for the children in poor areas. 9. Nowadays, more and more teenage

35、rs take part in to help people they dont know at all.10. After Judy completed her Maths homework, she do more Physics exercises. 三 . 依据划线部分在句中的意思,找出意思最接近的选项；1. The ole man is ill in these days. 名师归纳总结 A. worried B. in good health C. in bad health D. nervous 第 8 页,共 36 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - -

36、- - - - 2. If you know the answer, please raise your hand. A. get up B. put up C. use up D. stand up 3. Do you have trouble learning English. A. difficulty B. decisions C. memory D. ideas 4. The fans were very happy when the team won the final match. A. in trouble B. in low spirits C. in high spirit

37、s D. in danger 5. Jack got up early to catch the school bus. A. because of B. instead of C. so that D.in order to 6. After his wife died, he lived alone. A. unhappily B. by himself C. lonely D. fit D. badly 7. Tony didnt go to school because he was sick yesterday. A. lonely B. ill C. glad 8. They of

38、fered to help those in need. A. refused to B. provided C. were willing to give D. helped 9. They have permission to build 500 new schools. A. are made B. have decision C. have direction D. are allowed 10. Tim fell off the bike and hurt his legs. A. injured B. made C. expressed D. stayed 四用括号内所给单词的适当

39、形式完成句子；1. They have difficult walking or moving. 2. Why do you think it is very important to ask your parents . permit 3. Mother pay ten dollars for the English dictionary. 4. In her spare time she does _ volunteer work. 名师归纳总结 5. Looking after the baby is both painful and joy. 第 9 页,共 36 页6. I am r

40、eally hungry. Can I stop eat something. 7. Mr. Liu often teaches us how speak English well. 8. I asked him lend me ten Yuan, but he didnt.9. Lets go shopping today if it doesnt rain.10. It took me two days finish the job. 11. Please tell the boys not make any noise, my baby is sleeping. 12. The girl

41、 name Lucy is one of the best students in our school. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 13. If you know the answer, you can raise your hand. 14. You should expression your feeling clearly. 15. I didnt decide when go yesterday. 语法：动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等；动词不定式的基本形式是“ to+动词原形

42、” ,但 to 有时可以省略；动词不定式在句子中不做谓语,所以没有人称、数和时态的变化；一动词不定式作宾语：基本结构：动词 +动词不定式动词不定式可以在 agree, choose, decide, learn, plan, hope, promise, want, seem, would, like 等后面做宾语；如： I want to play basketball. 我想玩篮球；I agree to meet Susan outside the cinema. 我同意在电影院外跟苏珊见面； 有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词 +动词不定式 ”这种结构,这些动词包advise,ask,decid

43、e,discuss,forget ,know,learn,remember, show,teach,tell 等如： We teach him how to walk. 我们教他走路；I forgot what to do. 我遗忘要做什么了；二动词不定式作宾语补足语：基本结构：动词 +宾语（名词 /代词） +动词不定式动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有带to 和省略 to 的两种情形；（1）常跟带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 advise,ask,tell,order,invite,allow ,wish,get, want,encourage 等；如 : My teacher often encourages us to study hard. 我的老师常常鼓励我们要努力学习；Tom asked me not to sleep in class. Tom 叫我不要在课堂上睡觉；（2）常跟省略to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：使役动词let, make, have 等,感官动词see, feel, notice 等； 如： Y