2022年雅思写作重点词汇总结：动物保护类.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 细心整理 欢迎下载动物类题目1.动物试验 2.爱护野生动物 3.饲养宠物 4.动物园是否有用？5.动物是衣服和食物的来源 6.动物作为食物1.vivisection 活体解剖22.dominant species 优势物种2.perform experiments on animals 在动物身 23.laboratory 试验室上做试验 24.vaccine 疫苗3.test animals 用于试验的动物 25.infringement 践踏4.be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验 26.right to l

2、ive 生存权5.animal rights 动物权益 27.torture 磨练6.clinical research 临床讨论 28.anti-science 反科学的7.cruel 残酷的 29.life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病8.extremist 极端主义者 9.medical research 医学讨论30.scientific gains 科学成果 31.an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题10.origin of species 物种起源 32.evolution 进化11.alternative method 替代的方法

3、puter simulation 电脑模拟12.biological diversity 生物多样性 34.groundless 没有理由的13.natural balance 自然平稳 35.humane 人道的14.equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平稳36.medical technology 医疗技术15.coexistence 共存 37.anatomy 解剖16.endangered animals 濒危动物 38.equal 公正的17.diversity of species 物种多样性39.unreliable 不行信任的18.shameless令人惭愧的

4、 40.valid 有效的、正值的19.barbaric 野蛮的 20.live and let live 活着就是与万物共存 21.meaningless 没有意义的100911 41. be convicted for. 被认定有罪 42. using live animals in clinical training program 用活动物做临床试验Some people think it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it

5、 is cruel to do that. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 1. 动物试验的合理性是一个极具争议的话题；The rationality of animals experiment is one of the most debatable topics nowadays. 2. 有些人认为,用动物做医疗试验是很有必要的,目的是为人类所用；然而其他人认为此 事很残酷；There are some people who argue it is essential to test medicines by using anim

6、als for human use, while others claim that it is bloody to perform that. 3. 这两种观点各有利弊；There are advantages and disadvantages for both of the arguments. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 细心整理 欢迎下载承1. 用动物做医疗试验是很重要的一项医药讨论方法；Experiment on animals is an essential medicines research

7、approach. 2. 人类可以获得大量的 临床 数据,由于这种试验更有效；Human could obtain a great quantity of clinical data as the experiment seems to be more effective. 3. 比如说,医学家常常用小白鼠做试验,讨论治疗癌症药物的有效性；Remedy For example, medicines scientists always use mice to conduct experiments, researching medicine s usefulness.4. 假如让癌症病人尝试新药

8、,风险很大,简单产生医疗事故；medical negligence If cancer patients are allowed to try new medicines, risking significantly and easily causing/leading to medical negligence. 5. 进一步说,用白鼠做试验,可以降低试验成本,由于它们繁衍快,饲养便利；Multiply Furthermore, testing on white mice may contribute to the decline of cost, as they multiply quic

9、kly as well as being raised conveniently. 6. 可见,用动物于医药讨论可提高效率、降低风险和成本；Generally, using animals to test medicines may significantly increase efficiency and reduce risks and costs. 转1. 然而,因大量使用动物做药物试验,产生许多问题；On the other hand, as lots of animals are used to test medicines, there are many problems. 2.

10、事实上,这种试验简单产生新的病毒；In fact, it is easy to produce new viruses in the research lab. 3. 据报道,许多流行感冒的爆发很可能源于这种医学试验；It is reported that breaking out of major flu probably originates/comes/stems from medicines researches. 4. 因此,环保主义者和动物爱护者都一样反对这种试验,由于它的残酷； Defenders of Wildlife Therefore, both defenders of

11、wildlife and environmentalists oppose/are against this kind of experiments because of its cruelty. 5. 他们认为,人与动物都是大自然的重要组成部分,所以动物试验是违反自然规律的做法；They think that human and animals are important components of nature, so animal experiments are against natural law. 动物权益活动者连续威逼恐吓对有争议的动物讨论试验室所属的公司；名师归纳总结 - -

12、- - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 细心整理 欢迎下载Animal rights activists are continuing a campaign of threats and intimidation against scores of companies linked to the controversial animal research laboratory. 该公司合法进行医药试验 The firm is licensed to carry out testing for pharmaceutical . 进行重要生物医药讨

13、论而不受到威逼或者扰乱 without being harassed and threatened. to conduct vital biomedical research research 勉励使用模拟技术取代活动物 to endorse the use of simulation technologies to replace live animale use in sergery training program Further reading: Animal Testing Animal testing may be necessary, but we need to be merc

14、ifulEvery year, millions of animals undergo painful suffering or death as a result of scientific research into the effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products. While most people think animal testing is necessary, others are upset by what they see as needless suffering. Th

15、is essay looks at some of the positive and negative aspects of animal testing. Many medical treatments and procedures have been developed from experiments on animals. Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs b

16、efore pilot testing on small groups of patients. Medical teams practice new operating techniques such as transplants on animals. Without animal testing, many procedures or new drugs would be extremely unsafe. However, many people are concerned that animals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly. Th

17、ey do not believe that every new drug needs to be tested on animals, especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern computer models. They also are worried that many animal tests are ineffective, pointing out that any drugs have had to be withdrawn from the market despite extensive testing

18、. They particularly feel that animal testing should not be used for non-essential products such as cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and cleaning products. Furthermore, some campaigners would like to see certain tests replaced and more humane methods used. We need to make sure that the millions of animals

19、 who are used for testing new products are treated with the minimum of suffering. Although some animal testing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 细心整理 欢迎下载may be unavoidable at present, treating our fellow creatures as mercifully as possible will demonstrate our humanity. 267 wo

20、rds Animal Testing There is no alternativeEvery day, thousands of people are saved from painful diseases and death by powerful medical drugs and treatments. This incredible gift of medicine would not be possible without animal testing. Despite these overwhelming benefits, however, some people are ca

21、lling for animal testing to be banned because of alleged cruelty. This essay will examine arguments for and against animal testing. Those against the use of animal testing claim that it is inhumane to use animals in experiments. I disagree completely. It would be much more inhumane to test new drugs

22、 on children or adults. Even if it were possible, it would also take much longer to see potential effects, because of the length of time we live compared to laboratory animals such as rats or rabbits. Opponents of animal testing also claim that the results are not applicable to humans. This may be p

23、artly true. Some drugs have had to be withdrawn, despite testing. However, we simply do not have alternative methods of testing. Computer models are not advanced enough, and testing on plants is much less applicable to humans than tests on animals such as monkeys. Until we have a better system, we m

24、ust use animal testing. A further point often raised against animal testing is that it is cruel. Some of the tests certainly seem painful, but the great majority of people on this planet eat meat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sympathy for animals. Furthermore, animals clearly do

25、not feel the same way as humans, and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals, since this would damage their research. I agree that we need to make sure that animals who are used for testing new products have the minimum of suffering. However, I am convinced that animal testing is ne

26、cessary, and that it will continue to benefit humans in new and wonderful ways. 311 words Animal Testing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 细心整理 欢迎下载Advantages of Animal Testing in Medical ResearchMedical research involving animals has dramatically improved the health of the hum

27、an race. Without animal testing, the cure for polio would not exist and diabetics would suffer or die from their disease. Despite these benefits, some people believe that animals should be not be used for testing medical techniques and drugs. This essay will outline the advantages of animal testing.

28、 Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs. Animals such as monkeys or rabbits have similar physical processes to humans. This allows scientists to test the effects of certain drugs. If a drug produces adverse effects in animals it is probably unfit for human use. Animal testing

29、is cheap. There is a large supply of animals for medical research. Animals are easily bred, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testing in humans would be extremely high. Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. In some cases this is true. However it would be much more crue

30、l to test new drugs on people or children, or to let people die because there was not enough information about a drug. Furthermore, legislation in most countries sets standards for animal treatment, and laboratories have guidelines to prevent cruelty. Opponents of animal research also say that infor

31、mation from animals does not apply to humans. They point to certain commercial drugs which have been withdrawn because of side-effects in humans While it is true that animal systems differ from human systems, there are enough similarities to apply information from animals to humans. Animal rights ca

32、mpaigners claim that we dont need new tests because we already have vast amounts of information. However, many new deadly infections appear every year and new treatments and drugs are needed to combat these deadly plagues. Animal testing is needed in the world we live in. Our responsibility is to ma

33、nage the animals in our care and balance their suffering against the good that comes from them. 321 words The Animal Protection Agency APA is the UK organisation committed to ceasing the trade in wildlife for pets. Perhaps unbelievably, it is still legal in Britain to sell wild animals captured from

34、 other countries. The majority of wild-trapped animals die from the stress and 名师归纳总结 disease that is associated with every stage of their harrowing journey. Next to habitat 第 5 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 细心整理 欢迎下载destruction, collection of animals for the pet trade is the main rea

35、son for the decline in many species. Attempts to regulate and control the trade have globally failed. The problem is getting worse, and time is running out. This site contains information on who we are, our current campaigns and how you can help us. Animal Protection Agency APA Ltd A large part of t

36、he work of APA is to lobby对议员等 进行游说 或疏通 2. 施加压力 或影响 使议案等 得以通过for improved legislation to protect animal welfare. We oppose the activities of individuals or companies involved in the trade in wild animals as pets and we expose the wasteful practices and consequences of the wildlife trade. By working

37、alongside government agencies and local authorities, and by building public support and awareness, APA seeks to end the cruel confinement 幽禁 ;监禁 of wild animals as pets. Animal Protection Agency APA Foundation The Animal Protection Agency Foundation was set up to carry out, or commission, research i

38、nto the impacts of the wildlife trade on individual animals, biodiversity and the natural environment, as well as the risks of infectious disease transmission between wildlife and people. The Foundation conducts awareness raising programmes on all issues concerning the trade in wild animals as pets.

39、 By concentrating resources on tackling着手应付 或处理 the exotic外来,外国产的pet trade, the Animal Protection Agency aims to achieve real and lasting results for animals and their environments. We also aim to help protect people from making the mistakes of acquiring wild animals or pet-linked disease. Staff mem

40、bers have years of experience in campaigning for animal protection and specifically in thwarting反对 ,阻止 ;使受挫折 ;挫败the unlawful activities of wild animal dealers. Supporting APA Ltd and the Foundation is an integrated team of scientific, veterinary兽医的and legal advisors that includes specialists in exotic animal welfare, conservation and public health. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页