2022年高中英语动词时态.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动现 在一 般进 行完 成完 成 进 行词一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时时过 去do/does is doing have done have been doing 态一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将 来did was doing had done had been doing 一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时will do will be doing will have done will have been doing 过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进wo
2、uld do would be doing would have done 行时would have been doing 上述 16 种时态中,其中有 8 种时态是最重要的,也是用得最多的,它们是一般现 在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时,其余的时态相对用得较少;一、一般现在时一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s 或 es 外,一律用动词原形; 其疑问句和否定句要借助助动词 do 或 does来实现( be和 have除外);1、一般现在时表现在 表示现在常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语 every day, usu
3、ally, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用;eg: I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He often goes to the cinema. 他常常去看电影; 表示现在 或常常性 的情形或状态 eg: Mother is ill. 母亲病了;We need a lot of money. 我们需要一大笔钱; 表示现在的才能、特点、职业等eg: He sings
4、 well. 他唱唱歌得好;Mr. Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法语; 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在;eg: Summer follows spring. 春去夏来;Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败;The earth turns around the sun. 地球围着太阳转;【特殊提示】此种用法即使显现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时;I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在学校就学过地球是环绕太阳
5、转的; 表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了!There goes the bell. 铃响了;How hard it snows. 雪下得真大!2、一般现在时表将来 当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句必需用一 般现在时表将来;eg: I ll write to her when I have time.我有空会给她写信;Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯;If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 假如我们赶忙走我们可能赶得上公共
6、汽车;Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告知我; 在 the more the more 越 越 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般 将来时,由于前者相当于条件状语从句;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载eg: The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力,成果就会越好; 在 make sure弄清晰 ,make certain弄清晰 ,take care留意,
7、当心 ,be careful注 意,当心 ,mind留意 ,watch留意后宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时;eg: Make certain what time the train goes.务必弄清火车发车时间;Take care that it does not occur again. 留意别再发生这样的事;Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater. 留意别让宝宝接近加热器;【特殊提示】在 it doesn t matter, I dont care, I don 等结构 以及类似结构 后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在表示将来
8、意义;It doesnt matter where we go on holiday. 我们去哪儿度假都行;Does it matter who goes first. 谁先去这有关系吗?I don t care whether we win or lose. 我不在乎我们是赢仍是输; 表示按方案或时间表将要发生的动作,通常有表示将来的时间状语;eg: The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞,一点二非常抵达上海;【特殊提示】只限于少数动词能这样用,如 arrive, return, close
9、, open 等;3、 一般现在时表过去 begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, 1 故事性读物中戏剧性的描画(用一般现在时可给人以历历在目的印象);eg: They threatened to shoot, but the marchers could not be stopped. The unarmed workers press on and on. 他们威逼着要开枪,却没法拦住游行者,手无寸铁的工人们不断向前逼进;The crowd swarms around the gateway, excitement gr
10、ows as the pop star appears. 人群集合在大门口,当那位通俗歌星显现时,众人心情高涨;2 用在报纸标题或小说章节的标题中 eg: Earthquake kills over 100,000 people地震使 10 万人丧生 PEACE TALKS FAIL 和谈失败 Go to Bristol 第七章 去布里斯托尔途中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【特殊提示】情节已经发生而用一般现在时,可使标题生动;二、一般过去时一般过去时用动词的过去式构成,即一般是在动词原形后加
11、 ed;1 一般过去时表示过去 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last week/year/ month/ spring, in 1989,a few days ago, just now, a moment ago, the other day 等时间状语连用;eg: He bought the computer five years ago. 这电脑是他五年前买的;It was then a small fishing village.那时它只是一个小渔村; 表示过去常常性或习惯性的动作或过去某一时间内常常发生或反复发生的动作或行为eg: We often pl
12、ayed together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩;When my brother was a teenager, he played table tennis almost everyday. When I was young, I took cold baths regularly. 表达过去连续发生的一件件事;eg: He got up early in the morning, fetched water, swept the yard and then went out to work. 在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作;eg: Th
13、ey said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. 【特殊提示】表过去习惯性的动词,也可用 used to或 would;He used to go to work by bus. 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班;2 一般过去时表示现在 在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在;名师归纳总结 eg: I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿; were 实际上指现在 第 4 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I did
14、n学习必备欢迎下载t know you were so busy我没想到你这么忙; were 实际上指现在 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在eg: It s time we started. 我们该动身了;I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了;I d rather you lived closer to us. 我期望你能住得离我们近点;If I had the money now Id buy a car. 假如我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车;【特殊提示】有些动词如:expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等的一般过去时, 后接不定式的
15、完成时;或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、准备或期望;I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. /I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本期望他来邀请我参与他的婚礼;I intended to have joined their games./I had intended to join their games. 我本准备参与他们的竞赛;三、 一般将来时1 一般将来时的基本用法一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况;有以下一些形式:1.
16、“ will / shall +动词原形 ”(侧重将来行为,不突出方案支配去做某事,常与时间副词tomorrow,soon 或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime,in 2022等连用)表示将会显现的动作或状态;My daughter will be twelve years old tommorrow. 表示常常发生的动作;We shall work in this factory every day. “ will+ 动词原形” 表示事物固有的属性或必定趋势、倾向;Fish will die
17、without water. 表示说话过程中所做的打算;The phone is ringing Ill answer it.2 表示将来时间的常见方法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载英语中除了 “ will /shall+动词原形 ”表示将来时态外,仍可以有以下多种方法: be going to+动词原形主要表示已经方案或支配好了的事情,也可表示有迹象说明将要发生的事情;eg: We are not going to stay there long. 我们不预备在那里多待;I m afraid
18、 theyre going to lose the game. 唯恐他们会赛输;Look, its going to rain. 瞧,要下雨了;【特殊提示】be going to 后接动词 go 和 come 时,通常直接改用其进行时态;Where is he going to go. / Where is he going. 他准备到哪里去? be to+动词原形1主要表示一种按方案或支配将发生的活动或常规性的活动或注定要做的事情;Who is to clean the classroom today. 今日该谁打扫教室了?Tell him hes not to be back late.
19、告知他不准迟回;2表示“ 应当” ,相当于 should ,ought to eg: You are to report to the police. What is to be done.应当怎么办呢?3 表示“ 必需” , 相当于 must ,have to eg: The letter is to be handed to him in person. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 4表示“ 想,准备” ,相当于 intend,want ,eg: If we are to be there before ten, wel
20、l have to go now. 5用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求对方看法;eg: Am I to go on with the work. What are we to do next. 6用于否定句,表示“ 禁止”, 相当于“mustn t”eg: The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 7表示“ 可能,可以” , 相当于 may, can 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载eg: The news is to be found
21、in the evening paper. Such people are to be found everywhere. 8 were to do sth用于 if 或 even if /even though 从句中,表示对将来的假设;eg: If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me. Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing. 9 be to blame(该受批评,对某坏事应负责任)与 用不定式的主动形式表
22、示被动含义;be to let (待出租)两种结构中,eg: Which driver is to blame for the accident. 这事故是哪个司机的责任?This house is to let. 这房子要出租;【特殊提示】这与不定式作表语不同: My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今日就去那里; be about to+动词原形主要表示就要做或正好要做的事情,意为“ 刚要、即将”合,因此,句子不能再用时间状语;eg: He is about to leave. 他即将要离开;往往暗含一种时间上的巧Sit down, everyone. Th
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