2022年高中英语语法填空技巧讲解篇.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 按设题类型分为三类情形：1纯空格试题的解题技巧；第一,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词；然后,再依据句子的意思,确定详细填什么词；或依据两句间的规律关系确定详细用哪个连词；确定填哪类词有以下 7 个技巧：技巧 1：缺主语或宾语,肯定是填代词或名词 多考代词 ；如：例 1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. 解析： and 连接前后两个句子,and 后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词；结合前一分句,“立刻可到达那里

2、 ” 的是 the message,替代 the message 用代词 it ；技巧 2：名词前面,如没有限定词冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词,很可能是填限定词；如：例 2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty 9601279 was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. 解析：名词 rice crop 前仍没有限定词,应当填限定词；依据句意,这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的 ” 禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词 his；例 3 the head of

3、the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析：因单数可数名词 town 前仍没有限定词,应填限定语；依据句意,是指将车拉到离那里大约有 20公里远的一个小镇上去修理,表示“一个 ”,用不定冠词,故填 a；技巧 3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情形下,名词或代词前面,肯定是填介词；例 4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_

4、 a guest in their house. 2007 年广东高考 解析：因 a guest 在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面肯定是填介词,使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知,他们“把我当作客人”来接待,表示“当作 ”,用介词as；技巧 4：如两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词；例 5 from two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 解析：因与 Pablo Picasso 毕加索 与 Candido Porti

5、nari 坎迪多 波尔蒂纳里 这两个名词之间没有连词,肯定是填连词；两者是并列关系,应填 and；例 6 all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 2022 年深圳一模 解析：因 melted me 和 gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词,肯定是填连词； 两者是并列关系,故填 and；技巧 5：如两句 一个主谓关系算一个句子 之间没有连词,也没有分号或

6、句号,肯定是填并列连词或从属连词；例 7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. 解析：因 I wanted to是一个句子,I was to return 也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,肯定是填连词；依据句意和两句之间规律关系,可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在 “ 返回广州 ” 之前,故填 before ；技巧 6：如结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特殊是与上下文时态不一样或主谓不一样时,很可能是填

7、情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词 do, does, did 等 ；例 9What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. 第 1 页 共 5 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句,空格后的be considered 是谓语；因其中的be是原形,故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词 does由语境可知是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单

8、数 ；由句意及作者的语气可知,需填表示“可能 ” 的情态动词 may；例 10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary. 解析：这是一个由 but 连接的并列句,由前一分句的谓语动词 had 是一般过去时可知,后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时；可是,bring 却用的是原形,既与语境的时态不附,也与主语 he 不一样,该句不是倒装句,因此,此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词 应当填对谓语表示强调

9、的助动词 did的确 技巧 7：由特殊的句式结构来判定空格应填的词；1由 it is that 强调结构形式,判定填it 仍是 that ；如：did ；由句意和作者的语气估计,例 11 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn味精 . t eat MSG 解析：由句式结构可知,本句为强调句,应填it；2由倒装句式判定,是填构成倒装的条件的 等,仍是填 do, does, did 等； 如：only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not,

10、 until, had例 12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由 can you expect to可知,这是倒装句,依据构成倒装的条件可知,应填副词 only ,由于 “ only +状语 with hard work”放在句首,句子要用倒装；3由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判定,空格处是否填 it ；如：例 13 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world -famous artists 2022山二模 解析： it ta

11、kes, sb. some time to do sth. 句型,不定式 to steal paintings 是真正的主语, 空格处填形式主语 it ；例 14Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析：由句式结构可知,to avoid 是真正的宾语,easy 是宾补,空格处应填作形式宾语的it；4so /such that 句型； 如：例 15 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against 解析

12、：是so that 句型,应填that；谋划应付 the donkey. 5more than 与其说 不如说 ,比 更 句型； 如：例 16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. 解析：是 more than 句型,故填2 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧that；句意是与经理所给的酬劳相比,雇员更牢记于心的是他的关怀；第一,判定要填的动词是谓语动词仍是非谓语动词；然后按以下两点进行摸索；技巧 8：如句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有

13、谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动 词就是谓语动词；如是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态主谓一样；例 17His fear of failure _36_ keep him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep 是主动第 2 页 共 5 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 关系,应用主动语态；由从句谓语

14、动词played 可知,要用一般过去时,故填kept；例 18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _40_ close my book and walked away. 解析： 虽然句中已有谓语动词 declined ,但由 and walked 可知, 所填词与 declined 和 walked 是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式 closed；例 19 In Logan, three people _38_ taketo a hospital, while oth

15、ers were treated at a local clinic. 解析：因主语 three people 与 take 是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态；由 were treated 可知,要用一般过去时,故填 were taken；技巧 9：如句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词；如是非谓语动词就要确定用 ing 形式、 ed 形式,仍是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有：1作主语或宾语,通常用ing 形式表示习惯或一般情形,用不定式表示详细的情形；如：例 20 but it is not enough only _35_memorize rules fr

16、om a grammar book. 解析：因 it 是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填 to memorize ；例 21 _ speak out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有谓语 wont make,所以 speak 应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情形,要用动名词短语,故填 Speaking；2作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式；如：例 22 _ complete the project as planned, well have to wo

17、rk two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语 will have to work,所以 complete 应为非谓语动词；因“ 为了 按方案完成这项工程” 是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填 To complete ；例 23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _33_ succeed. 解析：因在形容词 likely 后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填 to succeed；3作相伴状语,常用

18、分词,与规律主语是主动关系,用现在分词 ;是被动关系,用过去分词；如： 例 24 He saw the stone, _37_ say to himself: “ The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有谓语 saw,所给动词与 saw 不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词；又因 He 与 say 是主动关系,故填 saying 作相伴状语；例 25 The headmaster went into the lab, _follow by the foreign guests. 解析： 句中已有谓语 went,而 follow 又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词；又因

19、 the headmaster 与 follow是被动关系,故用过去分词 followed 作相伴状语；4不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,如判定需要用分词,与规律主语是主动关系用ing 形式,是被动关系用 ed 形式； 如：例 26 There will be a meeting, _40_ start later this year to review the film. 解析：因 a meeting 与 start 是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明 a meeting,故填 starting；例 27 Lessons _39_ learn in sports can help u

20、s in our dealing with other people. 广东考试说明 解析：因句中已有谓语 can help,所以 learn 应为非谓语动词；又因 lesson 与 learn 是被动关系,要用过第 3 页 共 5 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 去分词短语作定语,故填 learned/learnt ；3、词类转换题的解题技巧依据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式；详细方法有：技巧 10：作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式；如：例 28 The youngster immediately f

21、ell _ silence as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析：因在系动词 felt 后作表语,用形容词,故填 silent ；例 29 In a _ danger part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填 dangerous；例 30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ interest in the subject 解析：

22、因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their students 的补足语,用形容词；表示“ 感爱好 ” ,填 interested；技巧 11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式；如：例 31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ achieve are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 解析：在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,Chinas ancient scientific and technolog

23、ical 是主语的定语；作主语要用名词,又由 are 可知,主语是复数,故填 achievements；例 32 These people have made great _39_ contribute to China with their work. 解析：作及物动词have made 的宾语,用名词；表示“作奉献 ”,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填 contributions ；例 33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ inform in the reading . 解析：因 with 是介词,在介词后作

24、宾语,要用名词,故填 information ；技巧 12：在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“ 冠词 + 形容词 ”后,用名词形式；如：例 34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ similar to those found elsewhere. 解析：在形容词性物代词their 后应当用名词,故填similarities ；例 35 With the large numbers of students, the _ operate of the system does involve a certain amount

25、of activity. 解析：在冠词后,要用名词,故填 operation；技巧 13：修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式；如：例 36 As I looked _32_ close at this girl, I fount that 解析：修饰动词 looked,作状语,用副词,故填 closely ；例 37 There must be something _40_ serious wrong with our society. 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong,作状语,用副词,故填seriously ；例 38Singles are flocking 涌向 t

26、o the Internet _33_ main because their busy lifestyles leave them little time 解析：修饰because引导的缘由状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填mainly ；第 4 页 共 5 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 技巧 14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不肯定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需依据句子意思及前后规律关系,在词根前加un , im 等,在词根后加less 等； 如：例 39 People c

27、ertainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ use. 解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么学问是无用的”,故填 useless；例 40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ necessary work in the office. 解析：在名词前作定语, 用形容词形式； 但依据句意可知, 错误是引起不必要的麻烦事,故填 unnecessary；技巧 15：括号中所

28、给动词也不肯定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,而是考词类转换；如是形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级；如：例 41 there was a lot of information about the city-known tourist _34_ attract 解析：尽管 attract 是动词, 但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词 about 的宾语, 用名词, 故填 attraction ；例 42The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could He jumped even _36_ hard and finally made him

29、self out. 解析：联系前句,又有even更加 的提示,可知这里用比较级,故填harder；s border with Texas on Friday, 例 43Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicodestroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _33_ bad damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. 2007 梅州二模 解析：结合前段内容,特殊是the 的提示,可知要用bad 的最高级worst,表示 “ 最严峻的 ”；第 5 页 共 5 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页