2022年高二英语专题阅读理解技能训练-破解推测词汇含义题暑假作业.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 专题 15 阅读懂得技能训练 - 破解估计词汇含义题【理论回忆】解题思路与应试技巧：做这种类型的题,要依据词、 词组、 句子所在的语境上下文来判定其意义；因此娴熟把握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键；命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生,我们要特殊留意熟词生义,切不行脱离语境主观臆断；下面结合近几年高考试题,对词义推测的技巧加以解读；1、依据定义或上下文说明进行推测有时短文中显现一个需要推测其意义的词或短语,下面接着显现其定义或说明,这就是判定该词或短语意义的主要依据；例如1 It will be very hard but also ver

2、y brittle that is, it will break easily. 从后面 that is也就是说 的说明中我们可以明白到brittle 是“ 脆” 的意思；2The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就说明白 herdsman 的词义为“ 牧人” ；2、依据同位关系进行推测阅读中显现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行说明,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行推测；例如 1. We are on the night shif

3、tfrom midnight to 8 a.m. this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清晰地说明 night shift 是“ 夜班” 的意思；2. The word “ favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that_. A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs. B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor chi

4、ldren with certificates are favoured in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 【点拨】 B；请看原文： Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favourtism will replace equality. 名师归纳总结 -

5、- - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 破折号后的句子是对前面进行说明说明的,二者是同位关系,因此要推测 favourtism的意思可从前面句子的意思入手；答案为 B；3、依据构词法 前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 进行推测在英语中,有许多词可以在前面加前缀,在后面加后缀,从而构成一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词, 但把握了肯定的构词学问,就不难猜出它的词义；例如 1. “ Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “ and they re very inter

6、active and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中 interactive 是由前缀 inter- 相互的 和 active 活动的,活跃的 而构成的,同时依据上下文的意思可以判定,该词的含义应是“ 互动的” ；2.The underlined word “ fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something _. A. that people enjoy eating B. that is always present C. that

7、 is difficult to get D. that people use as a gift 【解析】 B；请看文章原句：The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. 从文章意思可知,这种新型菠萝很畅销,当然成为了健康饮食人士购物筐中的常客；另外依据构词学问可知,该词的词根是 4、依据因果关系进行推测fix ,含有“ 固定” 之意；在一篇阅读文

8、章中,依据缘由可以推测结果,依据结果也可以找出缘由；1.The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed.”将来生活中的同学认为考试分数低就不行能进入一所好高校,而没有“ 名校” 的毕业文凭,许多大门可能就会对他们永久关闭；由此推知A

9、prestigious university应是 a famous university名校 ；2.What do the underlined mean. words “ pack out what you pack in ” in Paragraph 4 probably A. keep everything out of campgrounds B. take away everything you bring in C. carry all the necessary food 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

10、 - D. look after your personal belongings 【解析】B；细读该段文字： Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists. 依据因果关系可知,不要留下任何参观拜访的

11、迹象,因此要把带进来的全部东西都带出大峡谷；5、依据上下文的指代关系进行推测文章中的代词it, that, he, him 或 them 可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和 that仍可以指一件事；有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要仔细查找 容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事；例如 1. ; 也有时需要对前面提到的内Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion 捍卫 found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born

12、 one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper 雨刷 an angry note int ended for someone else: “ Whys your car HERE at HER place.”them 指的是前面显现的 self-published art magazines；However, the question that “ moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growin

13、g number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. 2 it指的是月球人 moon people所问的问题 the question；. What does the underlined word “ it ” in Paragraph 5 refer to.A. A type of ice-salt mixture. B. A newly found protein. C. Fish blood. D. Sugar molecule. 【解析】 B；请看原文第 5 段：The scientistsnext research job

14、was clear: Find out what in the fish s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein蛋白质 never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze q

15、uality and a lowered freezing point. 代词 it通常代替前文显现的名词或代词,依据上文显现的名词 protein,再结合语境, it 应当就是指这种特殊蛋白质；6、依据同义关系进行推测名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或 or 时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,由此可推知其大致意思；【考例】 . The underlined word “ compassion”in Paragraph 6 is

16、the closest in meaning to _. A. pity B. praise C. support D. popularity 【点拨】 A；快速阅读第六段的相关信息：“Rome has tried to protect fish more than anywhere else in the world. It stands out for recognizing that fish are interesting animals who deserve 值得 over respect and compassion every bit as much as dogs and c

17、ats and other animals,” said Karin Robertson, a director of the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. 由并列连词 and 可知 compassion 与 respect 是同义 近义 词,从文章传达的信息可知,罗马比世界上其它地方更留意爱护鱼类,认为鱼类像猫、 狗以及其它动物一样应当得到敬重和“ 怜惜” ；与 respect 意义相近的词是 pity ；7、依据转折或对比关系进行推测依据上下句的连接词,如 but, however, otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上

18、的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义；另外,分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；例如 1. A child s birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. 从前后两句的意思可以看出,hassle 和 a basket of fun 确定是近乎相反的意义；所以不难判定 hassle 的意思是“ 困难,麻烦” ；2.She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her fir

19、st class. but 一词表转折, 因此 but 前后的意思正好相反；后半句的意思是她今日“ 第一节上了一半才来” ,因此反向推理,可得出她平常一向“ 准时” 的结论；【想一想】把握词义推测的技巧对阅读有什么好处？【练一练】巩固练习名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But yo

20、u need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself,“ Where is the wind coming from. Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sai

21、l. Lets start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle 角度to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing acro

22、ss the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap 摆动 It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will s

23、low down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you

24、must always keep the sail inside the boat. 45. What should you consider first while sailing. ASailors strength. BWave levels. CWind directions. DSize of sails. 46What does the word “ It ” under lined in Paragraph 4 refer to. AThe boat. BThe wind. CThe sail. DThe angle. 47 What do you have to do when

25、 sailing against the wind. AMove in a straight line. BAllow the sail to flap. CLower the sail. DTack the boat. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 48 Where can you probably find the text. AIn a popular magazine. BIn a tourist guidebook. CIn a physics textbook. DIn an official re

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27、ts better and faster, saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent. The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets. The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, youll noti

28、ce that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen. The advanced EP also heats the room evenly,_wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of

29、the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room. The EP comes with a 3 year warranty 保修 and a 60day, no questions asked, satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied, return it at our expense and your m

30、oney will be given back to you. Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that, we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price. Take action right now. 56 What is mainly dis

31、cussed in Paragraph 2. A. The heat of the EP. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - B. The safety of the EP. C. The appearance of the EP. D. The material of the EP. 57 From the passage, we can learn that the EP _A. doesnt burn up oxygen B. runs without any noise C. makes people ge

32、t sleepy D. is unsuitable for children and pets 58The underlined word “ evenly ” in Paragraph 4 probably means _. A. continuously B. separately C. quickly D. equally 59 The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. persuade people to buy the product B. advise people to save on heating bills C. report

33、the new development of portable heaters D. compare the functions of different heater brands 【乐一乐】Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. 名师归纳总结 （脑中有学问,赛过手中有金钱；） 从小灌输给孩子的坚决信念； 第 7 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页