2022年高考英语一轮复习专题篇章结构题教学案资料.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载专题 19 篇章结构题1 命题方式的特点考纲展现命题探究篇章结构题主要考查考生在懂得全文的基础上对文章描述大事的进展、所说明事物的结构或论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推理、分析和总结的才能；2 常见的设问方式1How is the passage organized. 2Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage. 3The author develops the passage mainly by_. 3 篇章结构题的留意事项考生在做该题型

2、时要学会把握文章的脉络,懂得段落层次之间的关系,弄清作者的写作方法； 英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句；主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想, 主题句依据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头,也可能显现在段落的中间或末尾；段与段之间常用词语连接,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,规律严密；为突出主题,作者可能采纳不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、 比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点； 考法综述 该类题主要考查文章进展的脉络、各段落的层次关系以及写作手法,如举例、比较、类比等论证手法；命题法 1 段落组织方法典例 1 The production of coffee beans is a h

3、uge, profitable, business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-gro wn production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the wo

4、rlds ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species 物种 that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest ho

5、me. As a result, many species are quickly dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载fields also threatens 威逼 human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal

6、life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain dise ases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantati

7、ons 种植园 could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing

8、to acidic 酸性的 soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice.They canpurchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the pla

9、net and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text. P：Paragraph 答案 A 篇章结构题；文章第一段介绍了阳光充分的咖啡生产的话题；二、三、四 段介绍了阳光充分的咖啡生产带来的破坏；第五段劝告人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植 的咖啡,所以是总分总的结构,应选 A；段落组织方法的解题思路【解题法】1 通读全文,把握各段大意；2 确定段落组织框架；名师归纳总结 - - - -

10、- - -第 2 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载总分式：总分；分总；总分总；并列式：段落之间是平行关系；对比式：一正一反；命题法 2 写作方法 论证方法 类 典例 2 Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific mea

11、ning, and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions. The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural 农村的 and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion 时刻 or a

12、t the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread. Food also plays an

13、 important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern 兴 United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity 旺 in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies person who receives it. 预示 success in

14、 the New Year for the Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods s

15、uch as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by _. Ausing exa

16、mples Bmaking comparisons Ddescribing processes Canalyzing causes 答案 A 篇章结构题；本文列举了不同文化背景下庆祝活动中的饮食文化；应选 A 项；【解题法】写作方法 论证方法 类解题思路 1 通读全文或某段,分析写作手法；2 确定写作方法绽开方式：时间次序；空间次序；例证关系；对比或类比关系；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Passage 1 学习好资料欢迎下载限时： 6 分钟体裁：谈论文 题材：科同学活类 难度：中词数：320 Technolo

17、gical change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes that are broughtabout P1 by new technology are often mistaken W1 for a change in attitudes. An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending co

18、llege. Surveys 调查 on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “ very ” or “ somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories W2. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. Thisisus

19、uallyinterpretedasasignthattoday sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate .SHowever, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate W3 that parents are failing to let go of their “ adult ” children . In the context 背景 of this discussion, it

20、seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to beintouchwith P2 their college-age children frequently W4, would this have been possible. Probably not. On the other hand, does the possi

21、bility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago. Many studies show that older parents todays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier. Furthermore, studies show that finances are

22、 the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon W5 is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college

23、life, today and in the past. Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bearinmindP3that all such changes come

24、from the technology to keep their children under their wings. and not some imagined desire by parents 科学的变化影响着生活的各个方面,但是科技带来的社会变化常被误认为是态度的变 化；作者对此举例进行了说明；1The surveys inform us of_. Athe development of technology 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载Bthe changes of adul

25、t childrens behavior Cthe parents over-protection of their college childrenDthe means and expenses of students communication 答案C 细节懂得题；依据其次段其次句“Surveys 调查 on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be very or somewhat overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitorie

26、s. 母对他们上高校的孩子爱护过度； 2The writer believes that_. ” 可知,这些调查告知了我们父Aparents today are more protective than those in the past Bthe disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages Ctechnology explains greater parental involvement with their children Dparents changed attitudes lead to college childr

27、ens delayed independence 答案 C 推理判定题； 依据文章第一段其次句以及最终一段其次句可知,作者认为科 技的进展使父母加强对他们上高校的孩子的管教； 3What is the best title for the passage. ATechnology or Attitude BDependence or Independence CFamily Influences or Social Changes DCollege Management or Communication Advancement A 主旨大意题； 文章就“ 家长对孩子的管教问题与科技之间的关系”

28、 这一话题 答案 进行了争论,“ 科技仍是态度” 作文章标题正确； 4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I ：Introduction 学习好资料欢迎下载P： Point Sp：Sub-point 次要点 C： Conclusion 答案 B 篇章结构题；整篇文章争论的是家长对孩子的管教问题与科技之间的关系；第一段提出论点；其次段用调查说明作者不认可的一个观点；第三段用“H

29、owever” 一词转折,说明其次、三段是不同的两个观点；第四、五两段用于支持第三段中提出的观点；最终一段作出了总结； W重点单词1mistaken adj . 错误的 2.dormitory n. 宿舍3indicate v. 说明；示意 4.frequently adv. 频繁地5phenomenon n. 现象P重点短语1bring about 引起；造成2be in touch with 和 有联系3bear in mind 记住S句式仿写原文： This is usually interpreted as a sign that todays parents are trying t

30、o manage their childrens lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate .where 引导的定语从句,先行词 point 表示抽象地点 步；译文：这常常被解读为一种信号,当前的父母治理自己孩子的生活超出了行为恰当的地仿 写：The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the_point_where_he_can_walk correctly and safely. 治疗将连续到病人能达到正确安全地行走的地步；Passage 2 限时： 7 分

31、钟体裁：说明文 题材：史地常识类 难度：中词数：291 There are many places to go on safari 观看野生动物 in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rankas P1 one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys. Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing uniqu

32、e rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professionalW1 guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputationW2 for providing a great riding experience. The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends

33、 to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. Withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbou名师归纳总结 ncingoffyourbodyandface, itistrulyexciting.S You are very likely to come across 第 6 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载large wild a

34、nimals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them. In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, wit

35、h golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life. Back at the camp you can kic

36、koffP2 your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild. 在非洲观看野生动物的地方很多,角洲的马背之旅；然而最让人兴奋的旅程莫过于博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈三1What does the underlined word “ They” refer to.AFlo

37、oded waters. BWildlife journeys. CSafari camps. DUnique rides. 答案 C 词义推测题；其次段介绍 safari camps,第一句说明 safari camps 的基本行程,其次句说明白 safari camps 的优势,第三句中的 They 和前两句的主语内容相同,指代 safari camps； 2What does the author find most exciting about a horseback safari. ASeeing and feeling the real African life. BEnjoyin

38、g good food and wine at the camp. CHunting large animals just as our ancestors did. DBeing part of the scene and getting close to animals. 答案 D 细节懂得题； 由第三段第三句可知,水花与彩虹相映成趣,溅落在身上的水花声音悦耳, 画面与声音让人兴奋不已；由第三段最终一句可知,和动物靠得越近越让人兴奋紧急；故 D项正确； 3What does the underlined word AWild and romantic. BSlow and peaceful

39、. CHungry and thirsty. DActive and excited. “ Sedate” probably mean.答案 B 词义推测题； 由第四段第一句可知,夜晚的马背之旅令人放松、不匆忙,只 有 B 项“ 缓慢的；安静的” 与此处基调相同,故 B项符合题意； 4.The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by _. Afollowing space order Bfollowing time order Cmaking classifications 名师归纳总结 -

40、 - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载Dgiving examples 答案 B 篇章结构题；由第三段中的“The morning ride” ,第四段中的“In the evening ” 以及最终一段中的“Back at the camp” 可知,对奥卡万戈三角洲的旅行介绍是依据时间次序进行的； W重点单词1professional adj . 职业的；专业的2reputation n. 名声；声望；名誉P重点短语1rank as 列为；排名为2kick off 踢开S句式仿写原文： With rainbows

41、 forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face, it is truly exciting.with 复合结构 译文：相伴着在身边溅起的水中形成的彩虹和大的水滴从你的身上和脸上落下的声音,这真的太令人兴奋了；仿写： With_nothing_left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 家里橱柜里没有吃的了,她出去买些吃的；Passage 3 题材

42、：生态环境类限时： 6 分钟体裁：说明文难度：易词数：271 The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is ofgreatimportance P1 to African ecosystem 生态系统 . Unlike other animals, the African elephant is toagreatextent P2 the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-

43、savanna 稀树草原 surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existenceW1 for millions of other .Sanimals that live in its habitat 栖息地 Itistheelephant sgreatdesireW2forfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitatIn its continuous search for the 300 pounds

44、of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This resultsin P3numerous W3 open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of

45、 growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters. Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new 名师归纳总结