2022年高考英语助动词与情态动词练习.docx

《2022年高考英语助动词与情态动词练习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高考英语助动词与情态动词练习.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词（一）助动词有 be, have, do, will, shall ；它们本身没有词义,只和实义动词的肯定形式构成复合谓语,用来表示时态和语态,构成否定、疑问及加强语气等；1、be am, is, are, were, been l“ be + -ing” 构成进行时态；（ 2）“ be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“ be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：表示按方案支配要发生的事；The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年拜访日本； 用于命令；

2、 Youre to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完了作业才能看电视；2、have has, had1“ have+过去分词” 构成完成时态；如：Have you seen the film . 2 “ have been + -ing” 构成完成进行时态；如：What have you been doing these days. 这些日子你始终在干什么. 3、do does, did 1“ do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式；如：His brother doesnt like playing basket.2“ Do + 主

3、语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句；Does he go to school by bike every day. 3“ do + 动词原形” 用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气；如：I did go to see him, but he wasnin 我的确去探望他了,但他不在家；Do do some work. 请肯定做点什么；4代替前面刚显现的动词以防止重复；My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 4.will, shall would, should “ will shall+ 动词原形” 构成一般将来时,一般来说 shal

4、l 用于第一人称,will 用于其次人称或第三人称,口语中常用 will 代替 shll,如： We will have a meeting to discuss the problem. （二）情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,可以表示“ 可能”、“ 可以” 、“ 需要” 、“ 必需”或“ 应当” 等之意；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；但不能单独作谓语动词用,必需和不带 to的不定式连用构成谓语动词；只有情态动词 ought 要和带 to 的动词不定式连用, 在句中作谓语用；将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式,在情态动词之后加 情态动词的基本用法分述如下：1、can 和 co

5、uld could 为 can 的过去式 的基本用法not 既构成其否定式；现将各1 表示才能,如：He can speak English better than you. 2 在疑问句和否定句中表示“ 怀疑”、“ 推测” 或“ 可能性”,如： Can this green bike be Liu Dongs. 3 表示“ 许可” 时 can 可以和 may换用, 如：You can may go home now. 4 假如要表示语气动听,可用 could 代替 can,这时 could不再是 can 的过去式, 如：Could you come again tomorrow. 5can

6、和 be able to 都可表示才能, 两者在意思上没有什么区分；但是 can 只能有现在式和过去式,而 be able to 就有更多的形式,如：He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might might为may的过去式的基本用法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 表示答应或征询对方许可,有“ 可以” 之意,如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“ 可以做某事” 或“ 不行以做某事” 时,一般多不用may 或 may not,

7、以防止语气生硬或不容气；而用比较动听的说法进行回答；如：- May I use this dictionary. - Yes, please. 或 - Certainly. 在恳求对方许可时,假如 Might I . 就比用 May I . 语气更动听些,如：May I have a look at your new computer. 但是表示 “ 阻挡”或“ 禁止”对方做某事时, 要用 must not 代替 may not,如： - May we swim in this lake. - No, you mustnt. It oo dangerous. 2may 或 might 都可以表

8、示可能性,表示“ 或许”、“ 可能” 之意,假如用 might 表示可能性,就语气更加不愿定,如： They may might be in the library now . 3、must 的基本用法1must 表示“ 必需”、“ 应当” 之意,其否定式 must not,缩写形式为 mustnt,表示“ 不应该” ,“ 不准” 、“ 不许可”或“ 禁止”之意,如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustnt touch the fire. 2 对以 must 提出的疑问句, 如作否定回答时, 要用 neednt 或用

9、dont doesnt have to 不 必 来回答,而不用mustnt,由于 mustnt 表示的是“ 禁止” 或“ 不许可” 之意,如：- Must we finish the work tomorrow. - No, you neednt dont have to, but you must finish it in three days. 3在确定句中 must 可以表示估计, 表示“ 肯定”或“ 必定”之意, 如：- Whose new bike can it be. - It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought

10、 him a new one. 4、can, could, may, must 后接完成式的用法1can, could 后接完成式的用法：在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“ 怀疑”或“ 不愿定” 的态度,Could he have said so. 在确定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情, 有“ 劝说” 或“ 批评” 的语气；如：- When did you answer her letter. - Only yesterday. - Its too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. 2may, m

11、ight 后接完成式的用法 表示对过去某事的估计,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了；假如使用 might ,语气就比较动听或更加不愿定,如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. 可以表示过去原来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情,有“ 劝说”或“ 批评”的语气, 如：You didnt do the work well that day. You might have done it better. 3must 后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的估计,认为某事在过去一定做到 了,如： Liu Dong isnt in the classroom.

12、He must have gone to the library. 5、have to 的基本用法：have to 和 must 的意义相近,只是 must 侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而 have to 就表示客观需要,如：6、ought to 的基本用法I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness. l 表示依据某种义务或必要“ 应当”做某事, 语气比 should 强,例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. 2 表示估计,留意与 must 表示估计时的区分：H

13、e must be home by now . 断定他已到家 ,He ought to be home by now . 不非常确定 ,This is where the oil must be. 比较直率 ,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -This is where the oil ought to be. 比较含蓄 ；3“ ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做；例如：You ought to have helped him. but you didn这时, ought 与 should 可以相互换用；留意,在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时

14、to 可以省略； 例如：Ought you smoke so 第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - much. You oughtnt smoke so much.7、dare 的基本用法ldare dared 为其过去式 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again. 2 在现代英语中dare 常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如：She dares to stay at home alone at night. 8、need 的基本用法1need 作

15、情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如：He neednt worry about us now. 2need 也可作为行为动词用,可用于确定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to 的动词不定式为其宾语；如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. 3neednt 后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件原来不必要做的事情,如：- Did you answer the letter yesterday. - Yes, I did. - But you neednt have answered it.9、shall 的基本用法1sha

16、ll 用作情态动词时,用于其次、 三人称, 表示说活人的意愿,可表示 “ 命令” 、“ 警告” 、“ 强制” 、“ 威逼” 或“ 承诺” 等意,如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. 2 在疑问句中, shall 用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方看法或恳求指示,如：Shall I open the door. 10、should 的基本用法1should 作为情态动词可以表示“ 建议” 或“ 劝说”,有“ 应当” 之意,如：You should learn from each other. 2should 后接完成式表示过去没有做

17、到原来应当做的事情,或是做了原来不应当做的事情；如：You should have give him more help. 11、will 的基本用法1用于各人称, 可以表示“ 意志” 或“ 决心” ,如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. 2在疑问句中用于其次人称,表示说话人向对方提出恳求或询问对方的意愿,如： Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium. 3will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“ 总是”

18、或“ 会要” 之意,如：12、would 的基本用法Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 1would 作为 will 的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“ 意志” 或“ 决心”,如： He promised he would never smoke again. 2 在疑问句中, 用于其次人称, 表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,比用 will 的气更加动听,如：Would you like some more coffee. 3 在日常生活中, 学用“ I would like to ” 表示“ 我想要”或“

19、我情愿”之意,以使语气动听, 如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. 4would 可以表示过去的习惯动作,比 used to 正式, 并没有 “ 现已无此习惯”的含义；如： Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. 5表料想或猜想,如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What woul

20、d she be doing there./ I thought he would have told you about it. 13、used to, had better, would rather 的用法1used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变,例名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、 否定句、 否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式； 疑问句：Di

21、d you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother. 否定句： I usednt to / didnt use to go there. usedn 也可写作 usent；否定疑问句：Usent you to/ tDidn t you use to be interested in the theatre. 强调句： I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago. ；其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式：She used to be

22、 very fat. didnusednt she. Did you use to play chess. Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning. Yes, I did./ used to. 2had better 意为“ 最好” ,后接不带 Yes, we had wed better/ we had better. / Hadn to 的不定式, 例如：- We had better go now . - t we better stop now. Had we better not stop now./ I think

23、Id better be going. 用于进行时态,表“ 最好立刻”/ You had better have done that 用于完成时态,表未完成动作 注： had better 用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不行用；3would rather 意为“ 宁愿” ,表挑选,后接不带 to 的不定式,例如：I d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm./ - Wouldn t you rather stay here. - No, I would not. Id rather go there. 由于 would ra

24、ther表挑选,因 而后可接 than,例如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. d rather 不是情态动词,would 在此是表愿望的实义动词 练习、助动词与情态动词1. I

25、f they _ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. were B. should C. will D. can 2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference. A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send 3. Lets take a walk, _. A. will we B. don

26、t we C. do we D. shall we 4. He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A. could B. might C. should D. was able to 5. I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me. A. can B. may C. might D. could 6. - _ this book be yours. - No, it

27、_ not be mine. It _ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may 7. We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. He _ it. A. mustnt attend B. cant have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended 8. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been preven

28、ted from coming for some reason. A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost 9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. had snowed B. must have snowed C. must be snowing D. must have been snowing 10. You must

29、be fifty, _. A. mustnt you B. neednt you C. arent you D. mnynt you 11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _. A. havent you B. didnt you C. mustnt you D. neednt you 12. - That must be a mistake. - No .it _ be. A. cant B. isnt able to C. can D. was able to 13. He had known the matter before you tol

30、d him, so you _ have told it to him. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt 14. How _ so. A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say 15. You are their teacher. You _ care of them. A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take 16. She is studying medic

31、al science now but she _ a lawyer. A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been 17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _ English every day. A. will be used to speak C. must be used to speak B. will be used to speaking D. would be used to speaking 18. I did not call to make my air

32、line reservation 预订 but I _. D. shall have A. should have B, may have C. must have 19. As a girl, she _ get up at six every day. A. would B. will C. might D. should 20. Dont you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight. A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone 21. - Shall I tell John about it.

33、 - No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 22. Would you mind if I open the window. “_ ” .A. I dont like it B. Yes .please C. No, please D. No. Im sorry 23. Would you tell me something about the affair. “_ ” .A. Yes .please B. All right C. Not at all D. I do 24. M

34、:_. T:Id love to, but Im afraid I have no time. M:0h, no. Youll surely come over. T: Its very nice of you. But Im sorry I have to go to a meeting. A. Do you have lunch out in a restaurant B. Shall I have you with me at my birthday 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. Did you go

35、 to see the film 25. You ought to have come here ten minutes ago. D. Have you enjoyed yourself at the party Yes, I _. A. ought to B. ought to have C. ought D. have ought to 26. Would you like to go out for a walk. Yes, _. A. Id like to B. Id like C. Ill like to D. I would 27. _ you succeed . A. Can

36、B. May C. Must D. Will 28. Did he need _ then. A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left 29. Do you think if he dares _ in public. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken 30. He _ eating American food since he came here. A. used to B. has been used C. has been used to D. was used to 31. A computer

37、_ think for itself; it _ be told what to do. A. may not, must B. mustnt, might C. shouldnt, could D. cant, must 32. _ you mind my opening the window. Not at all. A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Would 33.1 didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should have been D. could have

38、been 34. You _ me about it earlier, but you didnt. A. should have told B. would have told C. must have told D. should tell 35. The teacher told the students that they _ keep silent in class all the time. A. ought to not B. ought not to C. ought not to have D. cant 36. May I go now. No, you _. A. mus

39、tnt B. neednt C. mightnt D. wont 37. You _ do the exercise if you dont want to. A. may not B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 38. You _ pay more attention to your spelling next time. A. would B. should C. will D. shall 39. The girl _ out alone at night. A. dare not go B. dare not to go C. dares not go D. d

40、oes not dare go 40. There _ be a lot of small houses on both sides of the street. 名师归纳总结 A. used to B. get used to C. would D. did use to 第 6 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 参考答案：语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词名师归纳总结 15 ABDDD 610 CBBBC 1115 BACBC 1620 ADAAC 2125 ACBBB 第 7 页,共 7 页2630 ABBCC 3135 DDBAB 3640 ADBAA - - - - - - -