2022年高三英语第一轮复习教案语法一.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载定语从句定义I. 定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词；被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一样；关系词先行词从句例句备注who 人成分Do you know the man who is talking 主语with your mother. Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am 关whom 人宾语working whom, whichThe boy whom she

2、loved died in the whose 人,物定语war. 和 that在从句I like those books whose topics are 中做宾语时,about history. 常可以省略,The boy whose father works abroad is 但 介 词 提 前系that 人,物主语时 后 面 关 系my desk mate. 代A plane is a machine that can fly. 代 词 不 能 省词She is the pop star that I want to see 略,也不行以宾语用 that very much. The

3、 book which I gave you was worth which 物主语$10. picture which was about the 宾语The accident was terrible. as 人,物主语He is such a person as is respected by all as 做宾语一宾语of us. 般不省略This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 名师归纳总结 关when 时间时间I will never forget the day when we met 可用on 第 1 页,共 14 页系状语which

4、there. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 副where 地点地点学习必备欢迎下载可用 in which 词状语This is the house where I was born. why 缘由缘由I cant imagine the reason why he turned 可用for 状语down my offer. which . as 与 which 的区分：定语区分例句t 从句名词前有 such 和 the same修饰时,关系He is not such a fool as he looks. 限制性定语从Dont read such

5、 books as you can 代词用 as,不能用 which 句中understand. as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句；They won the game, as we had expected. 非限制假如有 “ 正如,象 ” 的含义,并可以放在They won the game, which we hadn t 性定语主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as；expected. 从句中而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后,并As is well known, he is a famous film 无 “正如 ” 的意思；star in the 1980s. . 限制性

6、定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分：类别语法意义及特点例句限 制 性 定对先行词起修饰限制作用,假如去掉,主句意The accident happened at the 思就不完整明确, 这种从句与主句的关系非常语从句亲密,写时不用逗号分开；time when I left. 非 限 制 性对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不非常His mother, whom he loved 亲密,较松散；从句和主句之间用逗号分开,定语从句相当于一个插入语,不能用that 引导, 关系代deeply, died ten years ago. 词做宾语时也不能省略；一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词,修饰名词

7、或代词,在句中作定语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和 no 与-boy, -thing 的合成词； 或all、 none、any、some、that、those 等代词；数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先 行词；（2）先

8、行词与关系词是等量关系；必需留意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定；This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其 意；There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose, as ；关系副词： when, where, why ； that 有时也作关系副词；5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词,看先

9、行词指的是什么；（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分；6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,以下情形的关系词宜用that 而不用 which （1）先行词被形容词最高级序数词数词几种词修饰或被 only 、any、few、little 、no、 all、one of 等修饰时；（2）先行词为 all、much、little 、none、 few、 one、something、anything 等不定代词时；（3）先行词中既有人又有物时；He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句

10、中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时；The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词 which 时；Which are the books that you bought for me . 7、宜用 which 而不用 that 的情形（1）在非限制性定语从句中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是 that 时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词 who 与 that 指

11、人时,也有不怜悯形分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是 there be 句型时,关系词用 who；（2）先行词是为 anyone、 those、someone、everyone、one 等词时,关系词用 who；（3）当主句是 who 作疑问词时,关系词用 that；Who is that girl that is standing by the window. （4）whom 在从句中只作宾语,可被 who 取代；9、 whose 作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语；如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving. There is a

12、room, whose window faces the river. There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语；as many（much）中,从句都用as 引导；（1）先行词被such 和 the same 修饰,或句型Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 留意：区分 such that 引导的结果状语从句；They are such lov

13、ely children that we love them much . the same that 引导定语从句；I want to use the same tool that you used just now. （2）无先行词的定语从句用 as 和 which 引导；区分：意义上： as 含有 “ 这点正如 一样 ”；位置上： as 从句可置句首,也可在另处；He didn t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is

14、 known, the earth is round, not flat. 名师归纳总结 11、关系副词when 与 where、why 、that that 作关系副词； （非正式场合）第 4 页,共 14 页when 指时间= in / at / on / during which where 指地点= in / at / from / which why 指缘由= for which 当先行词为way、day、reason、time 时,可用I don t like the way that / in which / he talks.- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - -

15、- - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载当 time 作先行词时,关系词可以省掉；This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必需留意的问题（1）关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数；（2）留意区分定语从句与强调句；定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句；强调 it 无意义, that / who 不是引导词；强调 it is / was 和 that / who 后假如句子意思讲得通就是强调句,讲不通就不是；It is the museum that / which we visited last year. 定语从句

16、 It was in the hotel that we stayed last night. （强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区分；定语从句引导词被称为关系词,同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that 充当主语、宾语、表语；有时可省略；that 不能充当任何成分,不行省；Word came that their army was defeated. 同位语 We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.定语 （4）关系词在从句中省略的情形；关系词作宾语,前无介词时；关系词作表语；（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译

17、；（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是 which 和 whom ；（7）几个特别的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中 one 为先 行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match. （句中 students 为先行词）Is this place the one that we visited yesterday yesterday. ？ Is this the pl

18、ace that / which we visited He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening. It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 二、精典名题导解1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学

19、习必备 欢迎下载village. （NMET 2001 ）A. until B. that C. when D. where 解析：答案为 C；此题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的挑选；作好此题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词 the hours 和关系词被介词短语 to me 所分隔；定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词 hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应挑选表示时间的关系副词 when；2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.NMET 2001 A. It B. As

20、C. That D. What 解析：答案为 B；此题考查 as引导的非限制定语从句；as作“正如 ” 解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子；当 as在从句中作主语时,常用于以下短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、 as is announced等；要留意把握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法；3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.NMET 1996 A. which B. where C. tha

21、t D. when 解析：答案为 B；此题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的挑选；定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语 the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必需用关系副词 where 引导；要留意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后挑选适当的关系词；定语从句基础训练题一改错1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in. 3. The man whom I spoke is from Cana

22、da. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget. 5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 名师归纳总结 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 第 6 页,共 14 页7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gath er at the school gate. 8. I dont like the way which you talked to you

23、r friend. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 9. This is the last time when I学习必备欢迎下载ve given you lessons. 10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy. 11. We heard the news which our team won the game. 12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable. 13. Those

24、 at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names. 14. That was the reason because she looked old. 15. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. 16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky. 18. The students and

25、 things which you spoke of are known to us. 19. Look out. Dont get too close to the house of which roof is under repair. 二用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. I will always remember the hours _ we lived together. I will always remember the hours _ we spent together 2. Can you still think of the village _he once worked

26、. Can you still think of the village _ he once visited. 3._ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth. _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth. 4. I have borrowed many books, many of _ are about music. I have borrowed many books, and many of _ are about music 5. T

27、here are 50 students in their class, most of _ are from Tonglu. There are 50 students in their class, and most of _ are from Tonglu 三用适当的介词填空The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the

28、day _ which she said good-bye to me. went for advice. 4. Who can give me the reason _ w hich he hasnt turned up yet.5. Mandela was the black lawyer_ whom I 6. He was generous with his time, _ which I was grateful. 7. The parts of town _ which they had to live were decided by white people. 名师归纳总结 - -

29、 - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载8. It was a prison _which no one escaped. 9. He is a man of great experience, _ whom much can be learned. 10. Chapin, _whom money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends. 四单项挑选1. The pretty lady _you told me the other day

30、turned out to be a thief. A. who B. whom C. about whom D. with whom 2. Is this the factory _your father used to work many years ago. A. the place B. which C. in which D. the one in which 3. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a big apple tree？A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in

31、 front of where D. in front of which 4. The person _my father spoke just now is my English teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom t let her.5. The reason _she didnt come to Toms birthday is that her mother wonA .that B. which C. for which D. for what 6. China is a beautiful country, _we are gr

32、eatly proud. A. which B. in which C. of which D. where 7. I will never forget the day _I join the army. A. on which B in which C. which D at which 8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 9.There ar

33、e two buildings ,_stands nearly a hundred feet high. 名师归纳总结 A. the larger B. the larger of them 第 8 页,共 14 页C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 10. “I like to give my thanks to those_ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” the woman on TV . A who B that C with whose D w

34、ith their - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载定语从句强化训练题1. Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. A. which B. it C. whatD. that 2. Finally they arrived at a place_ sold cigarettes and other small articles. A. where B. which C. in which D. what 3. He was educated

35、 at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 4. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 5. Mom, what did the doctor say. He advised me to live_ the air i

36、s fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. Where 6. It is reported that two schools,_ are being built in my hometown,will open next year. A they both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which 7A survey was carried out on the death rate of newborn babies in that area, were surprising. A

37、as results Bwhich results Cthe results of it D the results of which 8There were two small rooms in the house, _served as kitchen. A. the smaller of which B. the small of which C. the smaller of them D. the smaller one 9. Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hand

38、s. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 10. “I d like to give my thanks to thosehelp my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TVDwith their A who Bthat Cwith whose 11. She had two new cars, _ was made in Japan. A. one B. which C. and one of which D. and one of them 1

39、2. On my way home I met a man, _ I think was her brother. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. whom B. that C. who D. / 学习必备欢迎下载13. Next winter, _ you will spend in Harbin, ID. that m sure, will be another A. which B. when C. in which 14. _ to take the English Evening Course,

40、please fill in this form. A. Those who want B. Anyone wants C. Those that want D. People want 15. I dont like _ you solve such problems. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 16. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, _ 80% are sold abroad. A. of

41、which B. which of C. of them D. of that 17. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 18. The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far. A.

42、which is not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been 19. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday. A. that B. where C. which D. the one 20. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 21. I have bought the same

43、 dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 22. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 定语从句高考题20XX 年高考名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. （上海卷）A. which B. that C. where D. it 2. Where did you get to know her. I