2022年高三英语一轮复习语法精讲专题动词和动词短语.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 专题四 动词和动词短语一、动词 英语动词依据其意义和句法作用,可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类；实义动词又称行为动词,为表示动作或状态的动词,可以单独充当句子的谓语；实义动词有 及物动词和不及物动词两类；In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, didnt he. In order to make ou

2、r city green, we must plant more trees. 二、动词短语 英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成,在句中起动词的作用；Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children. In order to catch up with the advanced countries, we must keep learning. 动词在句中作谓语或谓语的一部分时,其形式要随主语的人称和数的变化而变化；高考对动 词和动词词组的考查主要

3、在以下几个方面；1对不及物动词的考查 不及物动词本身意思完整,不需要跟宾语,也没有被动语态；You are supposed to arrive on time. We went to Canada to travel and my cousin acted as our guide. 2对及物动词的考查 及物动词本身意思不完整,后面需要接宾语；In our childhood, we were often reminded by parents to pay parents to study hard. Julia said she sent you a birthday card yest

4、erday. Have you got it. Oh, really. I havent checked my mailbox yet. 3对连系动词的考查 连系动词虽有肯定的词义,但不完全,不能独立充当谓语,必需和作表语的词 名词、形容词 等连用；Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health remains poor. Cotton feels soft while stone feels hard. 4动词副词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The f

5、amous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will immediately appear on the screen. 留意：在 “ 动词副词 ”的词组中宾语位置有两种情形：宾语如是名词,就可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间；而假如宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间；You can take the magazine out of the reading room. 5动词介词 动词与

6、介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语置于介词后面；That fashion which differs from country to country may reflect aspect. the cultural differences from one If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring. 6动词副词介词 这类动词短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词,其宾语置于介词之后；We must work hard to make up for lost time. You ar

7、e walking too fast. I cant keep up with you. 7动词名词这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make 等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义；He caught sight of an old friend when he was shopping. Take hold of the rope and you will climb up. 8动词名词介词 这类动词短语只用作及物动词；名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后；Keep an eye on the baby while I am

8、 out. What the teacher says has great effect on the pupils. 9be 形容词 包括过去分词作形容词 介词 这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词的词义是短语动词的真正词义；I told him what I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study. It is good for elderly people to be involved in community service actively. 高考真题探究（ 20062022 年）【2022 全国卷 ,

9、34】 William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - to . A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage 【答案】 C 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】 disappear 消逝,不复存在；fall 降落,跌倒,降低；fail 指健康 衰退 , 衰弱； damage损害 , 毁坏 , 加害于；句意为“ William 发觉阅读越来越困难了,由

10、于他的视力开头衰退了； ” “ increasingly difficult越来越困难 ”是个渐进的过程,应选 C；【2022 全国卷 II,10 】 Mary, I_John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised 【答案】 B 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】 句意为 “ 玛丽, 我已经提示约翰留意他帮忙你的承诺了；人,使 某人 想起 ；warn 含有警告的意思；” remind of 就 提示 某【2022 天津卷 ,6】I a bank account after I made 1,000

11、 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered 【答案】 B 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 暑假兼职打工挣了1000 美元后,我在银行开了帐户；” open a bank account在银行开帐户；【2022 江苏卷 ,28】 Are you still mad at her. Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.Ddecline A deny Brefuse C reject

12、【答案】 A 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 你仍生她的气吗？不见得,但是我不否认她的话损害了我；A ；” deny否认,否定； refuse, reject ,decline 都是拒绝的意思；not deny 无法否认；应选【2022 福建卷 ,28】 I d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve 【答案】 D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【考点】考查动词的辨析

13、；【解析】 句意为 “ 我宁愿保留我的判定直到我发觉全部的证据；处等 , 推迟,留到以后,与后面的 until 相一样；” reserve 预订或保留 座位、 住【2022 安徽卷 ,21】 As the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops 【答案】 D 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 随着故事的绽开,这个神奇数字的真相慢慢地被解开了；”develop 开发 , 进展,把 主题或情节 逐步呈现出来；依据句意选

14、D；【2022 湖北卷 ,26】Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking. A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve 【答案】 B 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 假如我们想要获得胜利,学问和学习很重要；但是它们或许会限制我们的思维；” direct 指示 , 指引,导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队） ；limit 限制； change 转变；improve 改进,改善；依据句中but 的转折

15、,选B；ll 【2022 湖北卷 ,27】The minister said. “ We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but wenever_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult 【答案】 A 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】 negotiate 谈判； quarrel 吵架, 争执； argue 辩论,争论； consult 商量 ,询问；句意为 “部长说： 我们情愿与任何合法党派进行争论,但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判；”依据句意选A；【20

16、22 湖北卷 ,28】 Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate 【答案】 D 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 不断增加的临床证据说明：比起原先从动物试验中所得到的估量,这些新名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共

17、 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 药具有更加广泛有用性；” operate 手术,操作； strenghten 加强； approve 赞成； accumulate 积累,（数量）逐步增加；应选D；to be asleep. , 【2022 辽宁卷 ,22】 What are you doing out of bed, Tom. Youre A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered 【答案】 A 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】句意为 “ Tom,你不睡觉做什么？你现在应当睡觉；be supposed to do 应当

18、,应当；” out of bed未上床,起床的意思,【2022 辽宁卷 ,24】 You are old enough to your own living. A.win B. gain C. take D. earn 【答案】 D 【考点】考查动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 你长大了,可以自谋生路了；” earn one s living 谋生,固定搭配；【2022 全国卷 ,26】 I can the house being untidy, but I hate it i f its not clean.A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D.s

19、tick to 【答案】 B 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 房子里东西凌乱我能忍,但是脏我厌恶； ” come up with 想出 , 提出；put up with 忍耐 , 容忍； turn to 转向,翻书到,求助于,使变成； stick to 坚持,紧跟,粘住,忠于；不干净的 ;凌乱的【2022 天津卷 ,8】She department store. an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came a

20、cross 【答案】 D 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 昨天在百货商店购物时,她遇上了她的老伴侣；”turn down 拒绝； deal with应付,处理； take after 长得像,性格类似于,效仿；come across穿过 , 越过,偶然遇见；【2022 山东卷 ,25】 They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic. A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out 【答案】 B 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 36 页精选学习资料

21、- - - - - - - - - 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量；” put off 推迟； speed up 加快； turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）,使 感爱好 ; 使 兴奋； work out 算出,实现；拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量,应选 B；【2022 江苏卷 ,30】 You look upset. Whats the matterI had my proposal _ again. A turned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down 【答案】 D 【考点】考查短语动词

22、的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 你看上去不兴奋,怎么啦？我的建议又遭到拒绝了；”turn over 翻身,翻转,把 移交； turn on 打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）,使感爱好 ; 使 兴奋； turn off 关掉（电器、水龙头等） ,使厌烦； turn down 关小（音量等） ,拒绝；依据句意选D；【2022 福建卷 ,31】 Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing. A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held

23、back 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 出身在一个三兄弟家庭,David 受到了要看重与人共享的训练；” bring up教育,哺育 孩子 ,呕吐 食物 ；turn down 关小（音量等） ,拒绝； look after 照料； hold back 阻碍,抑制,隐瞒；【2022 安徽卷 , 34】If you _faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D.

24、focus upon 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 假如你发觉这辆自行车有毛病但仍是想要,你就要求这家商店的营业员减价；” come across偶然遇到； care about 关怀, 在乎；look for 查找； focus upon 专心于； 【2022浙江卷 ,6】The school isn t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I ll just have to_it, 名师归纳总结 A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye o

25、n D. catch up with 第 6 页,共 36 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 这所学校并不是我原先真正想去的,但我现在想尽量好好利用它了；” make the best of 充分利用,尽量好好去做；get away from 逃离； keep an eye on 照看 ,留心 ; 留意；catch up with 追上,赶上；对比现在和过去对学校态度的变化,选 A ；【2022 浙江卷 ,12】He decided that he would drive all the w

26、ay home instead of _at a hotel for the night. A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 【答案】 D 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 他打算一路驾车回家,不在旅社留宿；put off 推迟； put on 穿上,戴上,上演,假装,增加；句意选 D；” put down 放下,平定 , 镇压,登记；put up 举起,建立,张贴,投宿；依据【2022 四川卷 ,7】To get a better grade, you should _the notes agai

27、n before the test. A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】 句意为 “ 为了获得好成果,你应当在考试前好好复习这些笔记；” go over 审查, 复习,中复原过 重温从头到尾检查一遍；get over 越过,完成,克服 困难 ,从 疾病、扫兴、震动等来； turn over 翻身,翻转,把 移交； take over 接管 ; 接替；【2022 四川卷 ,14】 I often the words I dont know in the dictionary or o

28、n the lnternet.A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】 句意为“ 我常常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词；” look up 查（单词、 电话号码等） ；look at 看,凝视 某人或某物 ；look for 查找； look into 深化地检查,争论,调查；【2022 陕西卷 ,25】 Some insects_the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. A. take in B. take off C. ta

29、ke on D. take out 【答案】 C 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解析】 take in 吸取,欺诈； take off 拿走 , 取下,脱去（衣服等） ,起飞； take on 承担,出现,雇用； take out 把 带出去,清除 , 除掉；句意为 “一些昆虫为了爱护自己,让自己的体色与其四周环境的颜色相像；”【2022 湖北卷 ,29】The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily

30、goods to keep the market stable. A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down 【答案】 B 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 政府已经实行措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳固；” take down拆卸,记录,登记；bring down 使某物或某人 掉下倒下, 击败,降 价；hand down 把传递下来,遗留 ; 流传； tear down 拆毁 ; 拆卸；依据后面的“ 保持市场的稳固”选 B；【2022 辽宁卷 ,26】 The exam results will be on

31、 Friday afternoon. A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away 【答案】 C 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】句意为“ 考试结果将在星期五下午公布；” put down 放下,平定 , 镇压,登记； put off推迟； put up 举起,建立,张贴,投宿；put away 放好,储存,抛弃；依据句意选 C；【2022 江西卷 35】 You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A.run out B.break out C.work out

32、D. put out. 【答案】 C 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析；【解析】 run out 耗尽； break out 打破； work out 算出,实现； put out 扑灭；句意为 “ 你无法预言一切；事情常常不会像你期望的那样实现；”选 C；“ This Side Up”10 全国 The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed 答案 D 考点动词词义辨析解析 句意： 工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“ 此面对上 ” ； 选项为四个意思

33、上毫无关联的动词 , 此题考查动词的词义辨析；carry 译为搬运 , deliver 译为递送 , press译为按, 压, pack 译为打包；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10 全国 My mother opened drawer to _the knives and spoons. A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together 答案 A 考点考查动词词组辨析；解析 put away 放好 , 收捡起来； put up 举起 , 搭建 , 张贴 , 挂起；

34、 put on 穿上 , 戴上； put together 组装 , 装配 , 把 凑合起来10 福建 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space. A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of 答案 D 考点短语辨析解析 A. 查找 B. 代替 ; C. 因缺乏D. 生怕 , 以免；句子的完整意思应当是：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦, 由于缺乏空间；, it.s 10 福建 Weve just moved into a b

35、igger house and theres a lot to do. LetA. keep up with B. do away with C. get down to D. look forward to 答案 C 考点动词词组辨析解析 A. keep up with 保持B. do away with 废止 , 去掉； C. get down to着手处理 D. look forward to 希望 , 期望10 福建 In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. -I cant agree more. It

36、s great to have the two A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined 答案 D 考点动词词义辨析解析 A.; 联系在一起；将人或物连接或联系起来；使联合 , 使结合；B. 与 有某种联系 ;C. 连接 , 连结； ;D. 10 上海 In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as

37、 D. as far as 答案 D 考点此题考查介词词组；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析依据动词travel 可判定此处应填关于路程的介词词组, 此题即为 as far as；as far as 远到. 10 安徽 No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _you wishing they were that high A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. Lookin

38、g up to D. looking down upon 答案 C 考点此题考查动词短语辨析；解析getting rid of 意为“摆脱；去除 ”；getting along with 意为“与 相处；进展 ”；Looking up to 意为“敬重；仰慕 ” ； looking down upon 意为“看不起；轻视 ” ；句意为“你无论认为自己怎样低下 , 总期望有个高尚的人来敬重你；”10 安徽 -How did you like Nicks performance last night.-To be honest, his singing didnt _to me much A. a

39、ppeal B . belong C refer D. occur 答案 A 考点此题考查动词辨析；解析 appeal to 意为 “吸引 ”；belong to 意为 “属于 ”；refer to 意为 “提到；涉及 ”；occur to意为“突然想到 ”； 句意为“ 她的演唱并不怎么吸引我；”10 江西 Parents _ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. A attach B pay C link D apply 答案 A 考点

40、考查动词词组；解析 ,attach importance to 关注 . 10 江西 Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams. A keep up with B put up with C end up with D catch up with 答案 C 考点考查动词词组；解析 keep up with 保持 , put up with 忍耐 , end up with 以 为终止 catch up with 赶上；10 江西 We give dogs time, space and l

41、ove we c an spare, and _, dogs give us their all. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A in all B in fact C in short D in return 答案 D 考点考查in 的词组；in short 简而言之in return 以作为回报；解析 in all 共计in fact 实际上10 山东 Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.

42、A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up 答案 C 考点此题考查动词短语意义辨析；解析句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑学问；” 表示“学会 ”用pick up; pick up 另外仍有“捡起 ; 顺车接送 ,搭载；整理 , 整理；重新开头； 获得 ”等义；bring up 表示“抚养 , 训练；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示 “ 向上看； 形势 好转 , 改善；查阅 ”；set up表示“建立 , 设置；造成 , 产生 ” ；10 山东 Your house is always so neathow do yo

43、u _ it with three children. A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct 答案 A 考点此题考查动词在详细语境中的使用；解析句意应为“你家里总是那么干净- 家里有三个孩子, 你是怎么设法做到的.” 表示“设法做成某事 ” 用 manage it；serve 表示 construct 表示 “ 建造 , 构筑；构思 ” ；“为 服务； 接待 ”；adapt 表示 “使适应 , 使适合 ” ；10 天津 Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager. A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off 答案 A 考点考查短语动词的用法；解析句意：作为一名职员加入公司, 他很快得到提升, 最终当上了经理；ended up as 作为 而终止的意思； dropped out 是 “ 退出 , 退学 ” 的意思；came back 是 “回来 ”的意思；star