2022年高中英语不定式知识点整理.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、动词不定式的不同形式名师总结优秀学问点The Infinitive 基本式主动形式被动形式否定形式to do to be done not to do/ not to be done 进行式to be doing to have been done not to be doing 完成式to have done not to have dong/not to have been done 完 成 进 行to have been not to have been doing 式doing 三、 动词不定式在句中作用1. 主语 To be a

2、good teacher requires patience. It is important for you to use your time wisely. It is brave of him to dive from the cliff. it 形式主语2.1It is +adj.+ for sb. to do.easy/difficult/hard/right/wrong/unnecessary.2It is/was +adj. + of sb. to do.kind/clever/foolish/strange/polite.3 It is +名词 + to do. .a pity

3、/an honor/one s duty/no easy job/good manners宾语We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers. They asked her how to get to the railway station. 常以不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, bother, care, choose, claim, decide, desire, expect, fail, help, intend, learn, manage, offe

4、r, plan, prepare, pretend,refuse, threaten, wish 等 辨析不定式与动名词：,不定式表示没 1 动词 remember, forget, regret后接动名词表示已经做过的动作 有做过或将要做的动作 .I remember seeing him yesterday. ,意思基本.I remember having seen him before. .Please remember to see him today. 2 动词 like, love, hate, begin, start既可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语相同,但动名词表常常性的动作,不

5、定式偏向一次性动作；名师归纳总结 .I like watching TV at home. 第 1 页,共 4 页.I like to watch TV at home tonight. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3 .try to do / try doing 名师总结优秀学问点. . . .mean to do / mean doing can t help to do / can t help doing stop to do / stop doing go on to do / go on doing need / want / req

6、uire doing=to be done . The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. 3. 宾语补足语 He told me to take care of the puppy while he was away. My boss told me to sit there. （常见动词： advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, press, remind, teach, tell ）4.

7、定语 The building to be built is our library. We have a lot of things to do today. There are a lot of things to do. have和 there be句型中,常用主动表被动； Please give me a pen to write with. . Please give me a piece of paper to write . 5. 状语 1 目的状语 : to do, so as to do, in order to do He hid himself behind the do

8、or so that he couldn t be found by others. =He hid himself behind the door so as not to be found by others. 2 结果状语： only, enough to do, too to do, so as not to Some people laugh at others, only to find themselves laughed at. She is so weak that she can not run fast. =She is so weak as not to run fas

9、t. She isn t strong enough to run fast. 名师归纳总结 She is too weak to run fast. .answer 第 2 页,共 4 页.The question is easy .He is difficult .teach - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6.表语名师总结优秀学问点To see is to believe. He is to visit China next week. 主要的任务是保持我们的寝室洁净；四、 动词不定式的留意事项The main task is to keep

10、our dormitory clean. 1. 疑问词不定式 ,作主语、表语或宾语 1）what / which to do what / which 作 do 的规律宾语,what 意为 “什么”,which “表示挑选 ”There were too many books for me to choose from and I didnt know which to choose. 2）when / where / how to do sth. I felt totally confused, not knowing where to go. 3）whether to do sth. 不用

11、 if Whether to follow his instruction is not for you to decide . 2. 不定式的主动表被动 . 句中存在名词或代词可以作为不定式的规律主语,构成规律上的主谓关系；eg. Mrs Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat. The policeman showed me the right bus to take. 假如句中不存在这种主谓关系,那么不定式仍须用被动；eg. The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered. . 在“ 形容词

12、 +不定式” 结构中,假如不定式与句子主语构成规律上的动宾关系,那么不定式多用主动语态；eg. The plane is dangerous to fly. The machine is hard to control. . There be结构中,倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义；eg. There is always much housework to do in the house. . blame, let 在此为主动表被动；He is not to blame for the mistake.他不应当为这个错误受批评； The house is to let. 房子待租； 名师归纳

13、总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点2. 不定式的省略 . 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to,即我们常说的 “一觉二听三让五看 ” :feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at.但这些句子假如变成 被动结构时,就必需带to；I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. . had better,wou

14、ld rather,rather than之后省略 to；Youd better not tell him the news .Rather than wait at the station, I prefer to go home by taxi. . 为防止重复,不定式中主要动词可省略,只剩下 to；Would you like to come with us. - Yes, Id love to. Shall I give the dog a chocolate. -Its better not to. . 由 all, what 引导的主语从句或主语被 only, first, one

15、, least 或形容词最 高级修饰,且从句中含有 do 时,动词不定式作表语就往往省去 to；All I did was to press the button. What you have to do is to fill in the forms. The only thing I could do was to do it myself ；3. 和不定式有关的常用词组和句型 . be said to do He is said to have studied abroad for many years. . happen to do We happened to discover we had a friend in common. = It happened that we discovered that we had a friend in common. . seem to do He seemed to be looking for something. = It seemed that he was looking for something. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页