2022年高中英语语法专题：同位语从句讲与练.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语语法专题：同为语从句讲与练一定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句；二考点：同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply , report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词；如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑；Where did you get the idea that I could not come. 你在哪儿听说我不能来？Early i

2、n the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了；注：同位语从句有时由从属连词 whether引导；如： I have no idea whether he ll come or not.我不知道他是否来；连接代词 who, which, what和连接副词 where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句；The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑；We h

3、avent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们仍没有打算；It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题；1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区分 . that引导的同位语从句； that引导的定语从句；句法功能上：that只起连接从句的作用,无意义；在从句中不充当句子成分；不行省；that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,仍充当一个句子成分；如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略；意义上：从句是被修饰名词的内容；

4、从句起限定作用,是定语如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 同位语从句,that不行省 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的；The news that he told me yesterday is true. 定语从句, that在从句中作的宾语,可省 他昨天告知我的消息是真的；2一些表示“ 建议、命令、要求” 的名词后所跟的同位语从句中, 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should+动词原形表示； should可省；如：This is our only request that this should b

5、e settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯独的恳求：尽快解决这个问题；三 同位语从句是名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句 中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词 短语 的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词 表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系；短语 加以补充说明或进一步说明,相当于一个注：一个名词 或其它形式 对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词 或其它形式 就是同位语；同位语与 被它限定的词的格要一样,并经常紧挨在一起；1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child s teacher, will

6、 be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们；2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照管家中的其他孩子；3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “ Did she die young because she was a clone.” 但是现在他们不得不摸索这样的问题：“ 多莉早死是由于它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作

7、同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 庞大的海轮可以开到 五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到惊讶；四 同位语从句用法归纳：同位语部分是个句子, 就是同位语从句, 这种用法比较 固定 1、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句；它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的详细内容；I heard the news that our team had won 2、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有我听到了我们队获胜的消息；news,idea ,fact ,promise ,ques

8、tion ,doubt ,thought ,hope,message,suggestion ,words（消息）, possibility等；wont be able to see you this afternoon我从王先生I ve come from Mr wang with a message that he那里来,他让我告知你他今日下午不能来看你了；3、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether ,连接副词 how,when,where等；（注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句；）He must answer the question whether he ag

9、rees to it or not. 他必需回答他是否同意这样一个问题；4、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开；The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了；五 同位语从句 -引导词：同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词 that ,whether ,连接代词和连接副词等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的 tha

10、t 不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.作的想法是完全错误的；（作 idea 的同位语）【留意 1】在某些名词 如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工 等 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 有一项建议是布朗应当离队；【留意 2】引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略,但在非正式文

11、体中也可以省去；He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了；2. 连词 whether 引导同位语从句（注： if 不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定；【留意】 whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句；其它引导词引导的同位

12、语从句连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 引导同位语从句1.I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 我不知道她穿几号的鞋；（what 作定语）2.I have no idea which wine is bestit s a matter of personal taste. 我不知道哪种酒最好,这是个人口味的问题；（which 作定语）3.The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who 作主语）4. 连接副词引导同位语从句 连接副词 whe

13、n, where, how, why We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们仍没有打算；六 同位语从句 -相关语法（一）、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情形下同位语从句跟在某些名词 名词所表达的详细内容； 如 news,idea ,fact ,promise ,hope,message等 的后面,用以说明该I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see

14、you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今日下午不能来看你了；2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句；The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上；（二）、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词 Where did you get the idea that I could not comeword 除外 加以修饰；？

15、你在哪儿听说我不能来？（三） 、同位语从句的语气 在 suggestion ,advice ,request ,order 等意为“ 建议； 命令； 要求” 的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,句中的 should 可以省略；Our teacher gave us some advice how weshoulduse the computer.（四）、同位语从句的先行词老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议；同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有： idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, beli

16、ef, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability 等等；How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him. 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样说明的 . 代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词；这个 it 常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语,同时兼作其后 that 同位语从句的先行词；作 itI owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你,我现在仍活着

17、；it后的 that 从句应看有的语法学家把先行词it后的 that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语；一般认为,这种的同位语,由于它相当于“ 主语+be+表语” 结构；You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.你要当心,别让孩子们着凉了；第 2 页,共 4 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 七 同位语从句 -语法区分：与定语从句的的语法区分：1意义的

18、不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的详细内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区分开来：We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很兴奋；news 的内容就是 that he will come,故 that 引导的是同位语从句 We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告知我们的这个消息我们很兴奋；that 从句是限制 the news的内容的,即我们兴奋只是由于他告知的这个 news而不是其他的 news,故

19、that 从句为定语从句 2. 引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句；3. 引导词的功能上的不同that 引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语；如上例 that he told us中的 that 就充当 told的宾语；4. 被修饰词语的区分同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词就特别广泛；另外,w

20、hen和 where 引导定语从句时, 通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不肯定；又如why 引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时就不肯定：I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来；同位语从句 定语从句）I ll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永久不会遗忘我住在那儿的日子；八 同位语从句 -特别形式1. 间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它说明或说明的名词后,但有些情形下, 由于句子结构的缘由,同位语从句不紧跟在名词后,而被其

21、他的词隔开；A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday 简析：由于 that 从句太长,为防止句子失去平稳,此处用了间隔同位语从句2.suggestion,request 和 order 等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气；She made a request that the doctorshouldbe sent for at once.她恳求立刻请医生来；简析： suggestion ,order ,reques

22、t ,proposal ,requirement ,command,advice ,proposition 和 recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“should+ 动词原形” 的形式,其中 should 一词可省略；3. 短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on condition that John is invited.假如约翰也被邀请的话,我就来；简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the grounds, on the understanding, with the exception, 后的

23、that 从句in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 There BE+no doubthope,chance,possibility,为同位语从句；例句： 1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain. 2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal. 3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse. 4 Mu

24、seums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good Opportunity to have a deeper understanding of their own countrys tradition and cultures.练 习 一用适当的连接词填空：It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray 2.I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials. 3

25、._the doctor really doubts is_my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4.It is hoped_nature will never be destroyed. 5._do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow. 6.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4

26、页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. Word came_I was wanted at the office. 8.Do you know _of them will be our new headmaster. 9.The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.B.单项挑选It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother. A. that B. what C.

27、 that, what D. what, that 2. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether 3.-What are you anxious about. - _ A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed 4.The reason _the little actress has been

28、 such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working. A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because 5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person 6.I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. wher

29、e it was D. it was why 7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that 8.-What do you think of China. -_different life is today from _it used to be. A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9.Give this to _you think can do the wor

30、k well. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that 练习一答案 ：A.：1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B.：15 CABBB 610 ACACD 练 习

31、二1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability第 4 页,共 4 页A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatlyA.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned

32、down. A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _

33、the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 练习二答案： 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -