2022年高考总复习名词性从句.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词性从句综述名词性从句和名词一样,在句中可以担任主语、表语、宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）和同位语；因此我们说名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句； 名词性从句必需用陈述句语序, 也就是说 , 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它. 主语从句 在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句, 从句作主语 , 谓语动词用单数； 通常由从属连词 that, whether, 连接代词 who, whose, what, which, whatever （无 论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whichever （无论哪个） 或连接副词 w

2、hen, where, why, how 等引导；eg.1* Whether we can reduce the use of energy is important. 2* That pollution has become a serious problem in parts of the world is known to everyone. 3 What is needed is greater safety. 4 Whoever breaks the rules must be punished. 5* How life began remains a puzzle to us. 6

3、 It is said that paper was first made in China. 7 It seems that he is older. s certain that the sports meeting will be delayed. 8 It9 It doesnt matter if you have no time to do it. 留意： 1. 陈述句必需以 that 引导, 不能省略；2. 主语从句只能用 whether 引导,不能用 if 引导；作形式主语,代替真正的主语从句,但不能代替由 what 引导的主语 3. 常用 it 从句；4. 常用于 It + b

4、e + adj. / n. / + that-clause It s certain / clear / a pity /a fact/ common knowledge/ said / hoped + that / whetherIt s natural/ strange/ necessary/ important that should 5.It doesnt matter if 是固定句型；6. 句型： It is required/ suggested/ insisted/ ordered that should+ do7.that 与 what 的区分：that 在从句中不充当任何成

5、分,没有意思；what 在从句中充当主语或宾语,意思是： （所） 的 Practice: 他被选中了使我们很高兴；她是否有时间来仍是个问题；谁将被派去那儿仍没有定下来；我们所需要的是更多的时间；他去了哪儿没人知道；表语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后, 一般结构是 “ 主语连系动词表语从句”；可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等, 也由 that, whether, who, whose, what, which 等引出；或

6、 when, where, why, howe.g. 1 My suggestion is that you should start it at once. 2 What they want to know is whether they are right. 3 That was how they were injured. 4 My hometown is no longer what it used to be. 留意： 1. 陈述句由 that 引导,一般不省略； 2. 疑问句只能用 whether 引导,不行用 if ； Practice: 这正是我要的；问题是这个工作是否值得做；

7、这就是他诞生的地方；那就是他为什么迟到的缘由；这就是他怎样做这件事的；同位语从句 在句子中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句；同位语从句一般由连词 that 引导,常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, discovery, information, word, message, thought, suggestion等名词的后面,说明该名词的详细内容；eg. 1 The fact that he didnt come shows that he has broken his word. 2 Soon word came that they shoul

8、d announce the results of the exam. 3 You have no idea how worried I was then. = You dont know how worried I was then. 留意： 1. 同位语从句不同于定语从句,前者起补充说明作用,that 是连词,在从句中不充当句子成分,不省略 ; 后者起修饰作用, that 是关系代词（仍可以由别的关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句）时可省略；,在从句中充当主语或宾语,作宾语e.g. 1 The news that they had won the battle soon spread over

9、 the whole country. 同位语从句 2 The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 定语从 句 2. 同位语从句也可由连接代词 how等引导；who,which,what 和连接副词 where,when,why,The question who should do the work requires consideration. We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. It s a

10、 question how he did it. Practice: 我们已经听到了我们队赢了的消息；他什么也没说这个事实使每个人惊奇；他们没有他是否仍活着的信息；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用的从属句称为宾语从句；1. 作动词的宾语1 由 that 引导的宾语从句（ that 通常可以省略） , 例如：I heard that be joined the army. She suggested that he do it at once. 2 由 what, whether if 引

11、导的宾语从句,例如：1 She did not know what had happened. 2 I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 3 动词间接宾语宾语从句；例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. It depends on whether we will go. 3. 作形容词的宾语例如： I am afr

12、aid that Ive made a mistake. that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句；4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语,仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语

13、that 从句就放在句尾,特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. We think it possible that the price will rise. 留意： 1. 关系词 that 常可以省略 ; 2. 介词宾语用 whether, 不用 if; 3. find / make / see / hear / feel / think + it + adj. / n. + that 句型中 , it 作形式宾语 , that 引导真正的宾语从句 , 不能省 ; 4. 如主句谓语动词为think

14、, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式； I dont think that the film is interesting. I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；5. be sure / certain / glad / afraid / sorry / pleased + that 句型中 , that 可以省 ; 6. what is / was the ma

15、tter /wrong with sb作宾语从句 , 不转变语序 ; Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him. 7. 有两个或两个以上宾语从句时, 其次个和其次个以后的从句必需用that引导. She said she was pleased at her victory and that she would work harder. 另外,在名词性从句的复习过程中,我们仍须特殊留意以下问题：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1主语从句Whatever, whoev

16、er, whichever 引导的主语从句的区分；whatever 相当于 anything that, 是 what 的强调形式,表示“ 无论什么”；例如： Whatever she does is ridiculouswhoever 相当于 anyone who, 是 who 的强调形式,表示“ 无论谁；任何 的人” ；例如： Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a coldwhichever “ 无论哪个 ; 无论哪些”, 既指人 , 也指物 ; 可以单独使用 , 可以修饰名词 , 也可以后跟 of 短语；例如： Wh

17、ichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us2表语从句reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导 , 不能用 why 引导 , 但 reason 后面的定语从句可以用 why 或者 that 引导；例如：The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied3同位语从句 能跟同位语从句的名词；idea, fact, news, hope, belief,

18、 thought, doubt 等名词后面 , 可以跟 that或者连接代词、 连接副词引导的同位语从句； 同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进 一步的说明 , 说明前面的名词的详细含义；例如：We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their ownThey expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again同位语从句和定语从句的区分：that 作为关系代词 , 可以引导定语从句 , 充当句子成分 , 在从句中作宾语时可 以省略 ; that 引导同位语从句

19、时 , 起连词的作用 , 没有实际意义,不充当句子 成分 , 一般不能省略；试比较下面两个例句 : The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good. （that 引导定语从句 , 作宾语 , 可以省略）The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. （that 引导同位语从句）I had no idea that you were here.（that 引导同位语从句 , 不能省略）Have you got the id

20、ea that this book gives you of life in ancient Greece. （that 引导定语从句 , 作宾语 , 可以省略）高中英语名词性从句九大高考热点分析名词性从句九大高考热点分析名词性从句包括主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句； 由于它是从句,因此具有句子的结构特点（即有一套主谓成份）；同时又具出名词性特点,所以可以在复合句中作主语、 宾语、表语或同位语； 名词性从句是中学英语学习 的重点,也是高考的主要考点之一；我们必需弄懂和把握以下热点问题；一、连接词 what 与 that 的用法区分 引导主、宾、表语从句时, what 要充当主语、

21、 宾语或表语等句子成分, that名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用；例如_ we can t get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,且两个从句都缺乏宾语, 可见两个引导词都必需充当成分,所以答案是 A；又如：_ caused the accident is still a complete myste

22、ry. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 解析：该题答案是 A,what 在主语从句中作主语,即作谓语动词 caused 的 that 不充当任何成份,只起语法连接作用（由于句 执行者；在下面的例句中,子本身不缺成分）：That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 二、 连接词 whether 和 if 的用法区分通常,引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时,要用连词 whether ,不用 if ；习惯上也只能说 whether or not,而不说 if or not

23、；例如：is not known yet. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 解析：试题中的从句位于句首, 不难知道这是一个主语从句, 所以答案是 C；但是在宾语从句中表达“ 是否” 既可用 if 也可用 whether ；三、 名词性从句的语序与别的从句一样,名词性从句必需用陈述语序；例如 : No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will m

24、an look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 解析：由于从句不能倒装,所以答案只能是 A；又如：t imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas You can presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 解析：答案是 B；同时仍须留意, 从句的引导词必需始终置于句首,而且 how

25、 和被修饰的词 excited 不能分裂开；四、 形式主语、形式宾语 当主语从句较长, 而谓语较短时, 经常将从句后置, 而用 it 作为形式主语,置于句首；动词后接复合宾语,也可用 it 作形式宾语；例如 : _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 解析：所需词至于句首,同时后面有that- 从句（规律主语）,可见这里应该用形式主语 it,所以答案是 D；think, find, consider, believe, feel

26、等动词后常带复合宾语；例如：Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen. 五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever 等的用法区分一般说来, what/who 等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever 等含泛指意义,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 意为“ 无论什么 / 无论谁” ；例如：It is generally considered unwise to

27、give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 解析：答案是 B,whatever 引导一个宾语从句,并且作 wants 的宾语；这里 的 whatever 不能改成 what,由于题意想表达的明显是“ 无论孩子要什么就给他 whatever 也不能改 / 她什么事不明智的” ,具有泛指的概念；同时要留意,这里 用 no matter what,由于后者只能引导状语从句；又如：_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praisi

28、ng. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 解析：答案是 D,whoever 意为“ 无论谁” ,表泛指；比较下例：I can t remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）六、 Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句Where, when, why 等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是：这个词必需符合句子的规律意义要求；例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you

29、 had a few days off. A. why B. when C. that D. where 解析：答案是 A,why引导的从句作表语,同时why 在从句中作缘由状语；这里之所以选 why,而不是 when或 where 等,唯独的依据便是句子的规律含义,及语境；又如（ MET94）；Do you remember _ he came. Yes, I do, he came by car. A. How B. when C. that D. if 解析：答案是A,从答语“ he came by car ” 可知这里问的是“he” 来的方式,所以用 how引导；别七“ 介词 +who

30、m引导的宾语从句” 与“ 介词 + whom” 引导的定语从句的区介词后面的引导词用主格仍是宾格,打算于它在宾语从句中作主语仍是宾语；例如：It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 解析：答案是 A；这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词 of 宾语的,是后面的整个句子, 而不是宾语从句的引导词, 由于这里引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格 who（作宾语时自然要用 whom）；比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent scie

31、ntists, most of whom have received higher education at home. 这是一个“ 介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句； 引导定语从句的是 “ most of+关系代词” 而不只是这个关系代词,同时这个引导词又作介词 of 的宾语,所以 要用宾格 whom；（留意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区分；）八、连接词 that 的省略 引导宾语从句时, that 通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that 不能省；例如：名师归纳总结 Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel show

32、s _ our country 第 6 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that 解析：该句中的从句作shows 的宾语,是宾语从句,又由于从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用 that 引导；又因引导宾语从句时 that 可以省略, 所以答案是C；九、同位语从句引导词where, when 的用法特点说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词 where, when与被说明的名词

33、在概念上不一样；但引导定语从句的引导词却必需保持一样；是比较：Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money. This the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago. A. where B. that C. about which D. in which 解析：答案分别是 1 A 2 A/D；先行词与 where, when 概念一样时,是定语从句,（2）中的 house 与 where 同表地点,且这个关系副词 where 或 when可以用“ 介词 +w

34、hich” 的形式代替,所以答案A 和 D 都可以引导；（1）题中的question 与 where 不表同一概念, 可见是同位语从句, 所以 where 不能改用“ 介 词+which” 的形式；名词性从句主要起名词所起的作用,位语从句；它包括主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到, 并且每年的命题各有变化, 但认真分析高考试题不难看出,下几个方面进行考查：这一部分内容主要从以【考点 1】对“ 介词 +宾语从句” 的考查 下划线为正确答案 【考例】1.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had

35、 failed to win the game. 2006重庆 Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat 2.You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.（2007安徽） A. that B. what C. which D. 不填3. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to 1study abroad. （2006 辽宁）A. if B.

36、where C. whether D. that 【解析】以上考例均考查的是名词性从句中“ 介词+宾语从句” 的用法,考例中, why=the reason why ,on 是介词表示 关于 ,此句意为 :marry 写了一篇有关为什么这支队伍内能赢这场竞赛的文章,应选 A；考例 2 中 be sure of 后应紧跟“ 事情” ,及确定介词 of 后接的是名词性从句,what=the things that, 可转换成 be sure of the things that you have at present.此句译为：你只能确定目前多拥有的事物,却不能确定将来会得到的事物；考例 3“ t

37、he question of ” 指“ . 的问题” ,of 后接的是问题的详细内容,此句译为：我们尚未解决他是否有必要出国学习的问题；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【透视】一般情形系介词后只能用wh- 类连接词引导的宾语从句,如：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 【留意】if 和 whether 在宾语从句中的用法区分： 1 介词后一般不用 if 引导宾语,如： I am not interested in whether

38、 they believe in me or not.2 不定式前之用 whether ,如： I wonder whether to say for anther hour or just start off right away.3 有些句子常用 whether 而不用 if ,如： Let me know whether you can come. 告知我你能否来 ；假如改成 if ,Let me know if you can come；可译为：假如你能来,就告知我；【比较】：A. Why are you late for school today. （疑问句）B. Why =the

39、reason why I am late for school is that the bus was late. （名词性从句）【高考变式题】1.We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. （2006 四川）A. that B. as C. why D. when 2. Choosing the right dictionary （2007 江苏）A. what B. why C. how D. whether depends on _ you want to use

40、it for.3. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game . 2005 全国 Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat 参考答案： CAA 【考点 2】用 it 代替主语从句或宾语从句【考例】 _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.（2005 上海）A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required

41、 D. It requires 【解析】：第一看到这个句子没有主语和谓语,只有一个以 that 引导的从句, 应为 that 引导的从句与前面的 regulations 一词没有关系,所以 that 引导的不是定语从句而是名词性从句,依据我们所学的学问可知：that 引导名词性从句放在句子的后面时,引导的是主语从句,此时 that 从句作真正的主语, it 作形式主语,所以去掉答案 a 和 b；此外依据句子意思可知 “ it ” 在规章制度里是 “ 被”要求,因而用被动态,应选 c；【透视】为了使句子保持平稳,常用形式主语 it 来代替主语从句或宾语从句,而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面,特殊是

42、连词 that 引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中,但 what ,whatever ,whoever,whichever 引导的主语从句一般不后置；【高考变式题】1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（2003 全国）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A it Bthat Cthese Dthem 2. worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. 2007 山东 AThis BThat CWhat D It 3. .I dont mind her criticizing me, but _is how she does it that I object to.（2007全国）A .it B. that C. this D. which 4. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （2006 浙江）A. As B. That C. This D. It 参考答案： ADAD 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页