英语四级仔细阅读解题步骤及方法阅读技巧ppt优秀PPT.ppt

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1、讲解人：吴天 薛晓珍ppt制作：张震飞 杨天找资料：肖远凡 刘锦华 何东梅英语四级细致阅读的英语四级细致阅读的解题和技巧方法解题和技巧方法讲解内容u解题步骤u解题技巧u四级真题 一：解题步骤:Step1阅读题目预料文章内容，在阅读题目预料文章内容，在题目中划出定位词题目中划出定位词 预料题目目的：是指在阅预料题目目的：是指在阅读正文前，正确理解题目所读正文前，正确理解题目所表达的内容表达的内容,对文章进行的预对文章进行的预料性的主动思维。应当先读料性的主动思维。应当先读题目，后看文章，同时依据题目，后看文章，同时依据题目设想一下文章可能涉及题目设想一下文章可能涉及的内容，以及所运用的词汇的内容

2、，以及所运用的词汇量的类型与范围。量的类型与范围。二：阅读步骤:Step2 利用定位词词利用定位词词,在文章中查找答案在文章中查找答案 查读查读(Scanning):(Scanning):目的主要是为了从大量目的主要是为了从大量的资料中快速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定的资料中快速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息信息,如数字、时间、人名、地名等。如数字、时间、人名、地名等。在查读时在查读时,目光要自上而下、一目数行地寻视与目光要自上而下、一目数行地寻视与答题内容相关的词句答题内容相关的词句,与此无关的内容要很快略与此无关的内容要很快略过（略读）。在最短的时间内拂过尽可能多的印过（略读）。在最

3、短的时间内拂过尽可能多的印刷材料刷材料,找到所须要的信息。找到所须要的信息。三：阅读步骤:Step3查漏补缺查漏补缺 用最快的速度通读文章后，用最快的速度通读文章后，找到自己须要的信息，并在有找到自己须要的信息，并在有关的句子下做出各种记忆符号关的句子下做出各种记忆符号后，把没有回答出来的问题，后，把没有回答出来的问题，重新回锅，并检查已答出来的重新回锅，并检查已答出来的题目是否正确。题目是否正确。解题技巧细致致阅读题分分为五种五种题型：型：主旨主旨题细微微环节题语义题推理推理题观点看法点看法题。一 细微环节题u 首先应当细致阅读题目u弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确

4、定关键词。u利用关键词回文章中定位u找出文章中相对应的细微环节性句子，与4个选项进行比照，以确定正确答案。u留意：关键词的确定也有技巧，假如题目或选项中有专出名词、数字要将此定位为关键词。因为这些词有特点，在文章中很简洁找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细微环节，从而找到正确答案。假如题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。二主旨题u确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置u文章的主题句通常位于首段或尾段，有时也出现在文章的中间段落。段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾，有时也在段落的中间。u如有主题句u就能很简洁确定文章或段落的主题。u假如没有明显的主题句u就带着问题细读文章的

5、首段和尾段找出其中心，抓住每个段落的主题句，明确文章的中心思想。留意：假如文章主旨题出现在第一题，先不要做这道题，把后面的题做完后再回头做第一题，这样可以节约很多时间。三推理题u对某个细微环节进行推断u先在文中找到该细微环节所在的句子，在正确理解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。u依据文章推想作者的观点、目的、看法u先确定文章的中心思想，再依据中心和作者所陈述的事实及细微环节进行推断。u 推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容u细致阅读并理解了文章内容的基础上，重点分析文章的首、尾两段尤其是文章的起先句和结束句。四 语义题u 找到该词或短语所在的句子。u确定词性 u确定词性以及单词、短语等在句子中

6、所起的语法作用，明确整个句子的含义。u联系上下文分析u对上下文进行分析，确定上下文中是否有该词的定义、同义词、近义词或反义词，从而可以推断出正确答案。u依据上下文逻辑关系u联系日常生活中的有关常识，分析出合理的场景因素推断单词或短语的含义。五观点看法题在回答看法类问题时，对文章体裁的考查是一个特别重要的方面。一般来说，在说明文中作者的看法是客观的（objective）或中立的（neutral）;而在争论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样。看法题中常用的选项有：positive（主动的）、negative（消极的）、neutral（中立的）、approval（赞成的）、disapproval（不赞

7、成的）、indifferent（漠不关切的）、sarcastic（讽刺的）、critical（指责的）、optimistic（乐观的）、pessimistic（悲观的）等。四级真题Passage One Some of the worlds most significant problems never hit headlinesOne example comes from agricultureFood riots and hunger make newsBut the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked aboutThis i

8、s the decline in the growth in yields of some of the worlds major cropsA new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at whereand how farthis decline is occurringThe authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops：rice，wheat，corn and so

9、yabeans(大豆)They find that on between 24 and 39 of all harvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down in the l990s and 2000s There are two worrying features of the slowdownOne is that it has been particularly sharp in the worlds most populous(人口多的)countries，Ind

10、ia and ChinaTheir ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food marketsThat self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverseSecond，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in

11、coll and soyabeansThis is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods，accounting for around half of all calories consumedCorn and soyabeans are more important as feed grainsThe authors note that“we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and car

12、s rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050，as the Fo

13、od and Agriculture Organisation has argued Instead，it says，thanks to slowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wildernessThis could happenThe trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields which may not actually happ

14、en61What does the author try to draw attention to?A.Food riots and hunger in the worldB.News headlines in the leading mediaC.The decline of the grain yield growthD.The food supply in populous countries62Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to th

15、e stability of world food marketsB.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent yearsC.Their big populations are causing worldwide concernsD 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted63What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement effor

16、ts?A.They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food productionC.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the worldD.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains64What does the F

17、ood and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades?A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food suppliesB.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with cautionC.The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food

18、 crops will bereversedD.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland65How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A.It is built on the findings of a new studyB.It is based on a doubtful assumptionC.It is backed by strong evidenceD.It is

19、 open to further discussionlPassage Two The endless debate about“worklife balance”often contains a hopeful footnote about stay at home dadsIf American society and business wont make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children，there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers

20、of fulltime fathers willBut based on todays socioeconomic trends，this hope is，unfortunately，misguidedIts true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as fulltime parents has doubled in a decade，but its still very small：only 08of married couples where the stayathorne father was ou

21、t of the labor force for a yearEven that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizingThis is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma(污名)and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decisioneven if onlywork more than thei

22、r familyEven shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficultA study found that 85of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a childbut for all but a fewits a week or two at mostMeanwhile，the average for women who take leave is more than lo weeksSuch choices impact wh

23、o moves up in the organizationWhile youre away，someone else is doing your work，making your sales，taking care of your customersThat cant help you at workIt can only hurt youWomen，of course，face the same issues of returning after a long absenceBut with many more women than men choosing to leave the wo

24、rkforce entirely to raise families，returning from an extended parental leave doesnt raise as many eyebrows as it does for menWomen would make more if they didnt break their earning trajectory(轨迹)by leaving the workforce，or if higher-paying professions were more family friendlyIn the foreseeable futu

25、re，Stay at home fathers may make all the difference for individual familiesbut their presence wont reduce the numbers of high potential women who are forced to choose between family and career56What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balance?A.More men taking an extended parental leaveB.

26、Peoples changing attitudes towards familyC.More women entering business managementD.The improvement of their socioeconomic status57Why does the author say the hope for more fulltime fathers is misguided?A.Women are better at taking care of childrenB.Many men value work more than their familyC.Their

27、number is too small to make a differenceD.Not many men have the chance to stay at home58Why do few men take a long parental leave?A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their careerB.They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at workC.The economic loss will be too much for their fami

28、ly to bearD.They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon959What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A.JealousyB.SurpriseC.AdmirationD.Sympathy60What does the author say about high-potential women in the nottoo-distant future?A.They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at homeB.They will find highpaying professions a bit more familyfriendlyC.They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a familyD.They will still face the difficult choice between career and children Thank You