2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析.docx

《2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析.docx（39页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again1that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A

2、 few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives5, people will simply become lazy and

3、depressed.6, todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for7Americans. Also, some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality, mental-hea

4、lth problems, and addicting9poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the12o

5、f being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the13of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the15of work may be a bit overblown. Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a

6、 waste of human potential, says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively16for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs. When I come home from a hard days wor

7、k, I often feel18, Danaher says, adding, In a world in which I dont have to work,I might feel rather differentperhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1、单选题第（1）题选_.A.boastingB.denyingC.warningD.ensuring 正确答案：C 参考解析：文章首句说

8、，几个世纪以来，人们一直都在推测未来将没有工作。空格所在句意：现如今也不例外，很多学者，作家和激进分子都再次_：技术正取代人类劳动力。结合选项，boasting意为“夸耀，吹嘘”，denying意为“否认，拒绝承认”，warning意为“提醒，警告”，ensuring意为“确保，保证”。这里warning符合题意，故选C。2、单选题第（2）题选_.A.inequalityB.instabilityC.unreliabilityD.uncertainty 正确答案：A 参考解析：根据空格后面的句子：少数富人将拥有全部资本，而普通群众却只能挣扎在贫困的荒原。可推断空格所在句提到的世界应该被定义为不

9、平等的世界。结合选项，inequality意为“不平等”，instability意为“不稳定”，unreliability意为“不可靠”，uncertainty意为“不确定”。inequality符合题意，故选A。3、单选题第（3）题选_.A.policyB.guidelineC.resolutionD.prediction 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格后“holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort”中that从句是对空格词汇的修饰与说明，既然文中有表示将来时态的助动词will，则prediction“预想，预测”

10、符合题意，故选D。4、单选题第（4）题选_.A.characterizedB.dividedC.balancedD.measured 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格所在句前提到一种形式的荒地，one为同位语，用来说明荒地的特征，结合选项，characterized“具有的特征”，符合题意，故选A。5、单选题第（5）题选_.A.wisdomB.meaningC.gloryD.freedom 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格句后面的表述是空格前内容的具体阐述，围绕purposelessness进行论述。结合选项，wisdom意为“智慧”，meaning“意义，含义”，glory意为“光荣，荣誉”，fre

11、edom意为“自由”。meaning符合题意，故选B。6、单选题第（6）题选_.A.InsteadB.IndeedC.ThusD.Nevertheless 正确答案：B 参考解析：由于空格前后并无转折关系，排除instead“相反”和nevertheless“然而”，也无因果关系，排除thus“因此，所以”，故选B。7、单选题第（7）题选_.A.richB.urbanC.workingD.educated 正确答案：C 参考解析：根据空格所在句意：一项盖洛普调查机构的民意调查发现，在失业至少一年的美国人中，20会患抑郁症，是_美国人患抑郁症的两倍。上文提到未就业的人生活也不开心，说明上下文讨论

12、的是失业与否与人精神生活之间的关系，working“有工作的，在工作的”，符合题意，故选C。8、单选题第（8）题选_.A.explanationB.requirementC.compensationD.substitute 正确答案：A 参考解析：由Also可知，前后句为递进关系。前句说在失业至少1年的美国人中，20患有抑郁症；空格所在句意：对上升的_是缺乏待遇优厚的工作，空格处应填入表示“解释，说明”的词。结合选项，explanation意为“解释”，requirement意为“要求”，compensation意为“补偿”，substitute意为“替代”。explanation符合题意，故

13、选A。9、单选题第（9）题选_.A.underB.beyondC.alongsideD.among 正确答案：D 参考解析：此处是指前者的发生范围。among意为“在中”，表示范围，符合语义，故选D。10、单选题第（10）题选_.A.leave behindB.make upC.worry aboutD.set aside 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格所在句意：或许这就是为什么许多人_无工作的未来是多么痛苦和枯燥。其中，“这”指代上文提到没有工作所带来的负面影响，前后句为顺承关系，语义保持一致。结合选项，worry about(担心，忧虑)符合题意，故选c。11、单选题第（11）题选_.A.s

14、tatisticallyB.occasionallyC.necessarilyD.economically 正确答案：C 参考解析：But表示转折，doesnt necessarily意为“不一定”，符合此处语义，故选c。12、单选题第（12）题选_.A.chancesB.downsidesC.benefitsD.principles 正确答案：B 参考解析：根据空格句Such visions指代第二段提到的观点，即是没有工作会导致一系列负面问题，故所填词应含有消极色彩。结合选项，chances意为“机会”，downsides意为“不利，弊端”，benefits意为“利益，好处”，princi

15、ples意为“原则”。这里downsides符合题意，故选B。13、单选题第（13）题选_.A.absenceB.heightC.faceD.course 正确答案：A 参考解析：上文提到，只是在以职业为基础的社会里，一旦失业会产生一些弊端。而空格所在句意：对于一个建立在其他理念的社会，没有工作，未来的工作和娱乐一定会产生不同的情形。结合选项，absence(缺失，缺席)代入空格处，in the absence of work意为“在没有工作的情况下”，符合题意，故选A。14、单选题第（14）题选_.A.disturbB.restoreC.excludeD.yield 正确答案：D 参考解析：

16、该空格所选词汇的主语是a society，宾语是different circumstances，根据主谓一致原则，yield“产生”，符合题意，故选D。15、单选题第（15）题选_.A.modelB.practiceC.virtueD.hardship 正确答案：C 参考解析：文中“overblown”一词为解题线索，意为“吹散，吹倒”，表贬义。后面的内容“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，says John Danahe，a lecturer at the National Univ

17、ersity of Ireland in Galway”是对这句话的进一步解释，结合语义理解，virtue“优点，美德”，符合题意，故选c。16、单选题第（16）题选_.A.trickyB.lengthyC.mysteriousD.scarce 正确答案：D 参考解析：结合常识及语义理解，多数上班族的闲暇时间应该是缺乏的，所以scarce“稀有的，缺乏的”，符合题意，故选D。17、单选题第（17）题选_.A.demandsB.standardsC.qualitiesD.threats 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格句大意：人们利用空余时间达到工作中知识和情感_的平衡。结合选项，demands意为

18、“需求”，standards意为“标准”，qualities意为“质量，品质”，threats意为“威胁”，这里demands符合题意，知识和情感均属于人的需求，故选A。18、单选题第（18）题选_.A.ignoredB.tiredC.confusedD.starved 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格所在句意：当达纳赫工作一天回家后，他的感觉_。下文提到在没有工作的世界里，达纳赫可以做任何自己感兴趣的事情，他对不工作持正面态度，因此，空格所填词应表达“劳累，疲惫”等含义的词。结合选项，ignored意为“忽视”，tired意为“疲惫的”，confused“困惑的”，starved意为“饥饿的”。

19、tired符合题意，故选B。19、单选题第（19）题选_.A.offB.againstC.behindD.into 正确答案：D 参考解析：throw oneself into固定搭配，意为“一头扎进；投身于，积极从事”，故选D。20、单选题第（20）题选_.A.technologicalB.professionalC.educationalD.interpersonal 正确答案：B 参考解析：此处空格所填词和前面的intensity(强度)形成呼应，professional“专业的，职业的”，符合题意，故选B。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题Every Saturday morning

20、, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their time

21、s range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic legacy is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Game

22、s would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Wors

23、e, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to inspire a generation. The succ

24、ess of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get mor

25、e people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally grassroots, concept as community

26、 sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive gover

27、nments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21、单选题According

28、to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_.A.gained great popularityB.created many jobsC.strengthened community tiesD.become an official festival 正确答案：A 参考解析：由题干可以快速定位到文章的第一段，第一段讲了每周六有五万多人在他们当地的公园里跑步，跑步的年龄跨度之大：从4岁的小朋友到祖父母年纪的人都有；跑步所用的时间跨度也很大：从世界纪录的13分48秒到一个小时。由此可见，这是一个全民运动，与A选项的great popularity相互对应，所以选A。B“创造了很多就业机

29、会”，C“增强了社会的凝聚力”与D“成为一个官方的节日”在原文中都没有涉及，所以排除。22、单选题The author believes that Londons Olympic legacy has failed to_.A.boost population growthB.promote sport participationC.improve the citys imageD.increase sport hours in schools 正确答案：B 参考解析：可以发现第二段第一句话“Parkrun is succeeding where LondonsOlympiclegacyis

30、failing”与题干中的关键词LondonsOlympic“legacy”has failed to对应，所以可以定位到文章的第二段。第二段前半部分讲在最初的时候Olympic的目标，但实际上却事与愿违，“but the general population was growing fasterWorse，the numbers are now failing at an accelerating rate”由这句话可以看出，Olympic并没有推动大众的参与性，与预期的目标不符，故选B。23、单选题Parkrun is different from Olympic games in tha

31、t it_.A.aims at discovering talentsB.focuses on mass competitionC.does not emphasize elitismD.does not attract first-timers 正确答案：C 参考解析：由题干中Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that可知，本题考查Parkrun和Olympic的区别。追溯到原文，定位到第三段第一句“Parkrun is not a race but a time trial”这里可以排除A、B项，因为A、B项都和竞争有关；D项定位到第三段

32、中“There is as much joy over a puffed-out firsttimer being clapped over the line as there is”可知，Parkmn有很多第一次参加的人，所以排除D。根据文意可知，因为parkrun不是比赛，所以就不重视elitism(精英主义)，故选C。24、单选题With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_.A.organize grassroots sports eventsB.supervise local sports as

33、sociationsC.increase funds for sports clubsD.invest in public sports facilities 正确答案：D 参考解析：由题干中the governments should可知，对于Parkrun这项大众运动，政府应该做点什么。因此，应定位到原文中有关政府的段落，即第四段中“If there is a role for govemment，it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for play

34、ing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts，and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools”从这里可知，作者希望政府能够为Parkrun提供场所和经费，并针对学校制定相关条例以鼓励全民运动，故选D。25、单选题The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_.A.tolerantB.criticalC.uncertainD.sympathetic 正确答

35、案：B 参考解析：由题干中the authorsattitude to what UK government have done for sport可再次定位到关于政府的部分。第四段一开始作者提出自己对政府的期许，但是事实上，政府却没有达到这一期许。原文第四段第三句提到“But successive government have presided over selling green spaces，squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education政府负责卖地，从地方政府压榨

36、金钱，不重视学校的体育运动。由此可见，此处作者指责政府的一系列行为，故选B。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. Tech is designed to really suck you in, says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,and digital products are there to promote maximal

37、 engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per

38、cent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wir

39、ed to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the still face experiment devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 19

40、70s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. Parents dont have to be exquisitely present at all ti

41、mes, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need, says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an oppressive ideology that d

42、emands that parents should always be interacting with their children: Its based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them. Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning fro

43、m the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier

44、, which let them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26、单选题According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to_.A.simplify routine mattersB.absorb user attentionC.better interpersonal relationsD.increase work efficiency 正确答案：B 参考解析：题干考查的是设计数码产品的目的，定位到文中第一段第二行Jenny Radesky说

45、：Tech is designed to really suck you in，and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement电子产品就是为了促进最大程度的参与性，由此可以得出答案为B“为了吸引用户的注意力”，其余三个选项在Jenny Radesky的话中都没有体现，故选B。27、单选题Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices_.A.takes away babies appetiteB.distracts childrens att

46、entionC.slows down babies verbal developmentD.reduces mother-child communication 正确答案：D 参考解析：由题干中关键词food-testing exercise，mothers use of devices可定位到第二段第二行“She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with thei

47、r children”可知，母亲使用手机会减少20的语言交流机会和39的非语言交流。结合选项，D项“减少了母亲和孩子之间的交流”符合题意，故选D。28、单选题Radeskys cites the still face experiment to show that_.A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB.verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC.children are insensitive to changes in their parents moodD.parents need to respond