2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析.docx

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1、2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to kn

2、ow is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satis

3、fy curiosity. For one5, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some w

4、ere electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photogra

5、phs of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can12new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such13can backfire. The i

6、nsight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image. These results suggest that

7、 imagining the18of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about longterm20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity, Hsee says. In other words,dont read online comments.1、单选题第（1）题选_.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.reso

8、lve 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格处填入动词，与名词uncertainty“不确定的事，未知事物”构成搭配。由下一句可知该研究说明的是人有很强烈的求知欲(need to know)，因此对于“未知的事物”应该去了解、认识，D项“解决，解答”正确。2、单选题第（2）题选_.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入动词，与to构成搭配，说明人类应怎样对待“满足好奇心”(satisfy their curiosity)。由前半句可知，人类的求知欲很强(need to know is so strong)，第二段也提到in an effort to

9、 satisfy curiosity“努力满足好奇心”。结合选项，refuse意为“拒绝”，seek意为“寻求”，wait意为“等待”，regret“遗憾”。只有seek填入文中“寻找方法满足好奇心”最符合语境，故选B。3、单选题第（3）题选_.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格位于even when引导的让步状语从句中，句意为“即使结果明显会_，人们还是会满足好奇心”，由even when“即使”来看，这个结果应该是负面的；而由首句will obviously be painful来看，为满足好奇，人是会做一些不愉快的事。结合选项，rise意

10、为“上升”，last意为“持续，最后”，hurt意为“损害，受痛苦”，mislead意为“误导”。由此可知C项hurt与painful是近义复现，故选C。4、单选题第（4）题选_.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入动词，构成sboneself to sth的结构，说明研究是要测试学生哪方面的意愿，且这样做的目的是满足好奇心(satisfy curiosity)。从下一段可知，在实验中学生要想知道哪些笔带电的话就得摁下笔受到电击，这是对应第一段的“为了求知做一些痛苦的事(painful)”。结合选项，alert意为“使警觉”，expose意

11、为“使暴露”，tie意为“捆，绑”，treat意为“款待”。只有B项填入文中指要满足好奇心，就会“遭受到”不愉快的刺激，符合上下文的逻辑，故选B。5、单选题第（5）题选_.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept 正确答案：A 参考解析：由空格所在句中的participant“参加者”，researcher“研究人员”及previous experiment“之前的实验”可知，本句描述的是实验过程，是在描述段首提到的四个实验之一(In a series of four experiments)。结合选项，trial指“试验”与此对应，故选A。6、单选题第（6）题选_.

12、A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入动词，与名词an electric shock“电击”构成搭配。由下一段可知，有些笔是带电的(electrified)，摁下笔会发出电击(clickedpens and incurredshocks)，所以空格需要类似“产生电击、发出电击”的词义。结合选项，remove意为“擦除”，deliver意为“递送，给予”，weaken意为“削弱”，interrupt意为“打断”。B项deliver可与shock构成搭配，意为“发出电击”，符合语义，故选B。7、单选题第（7）题选_.A.Unle

13、ssB.IfC.WhenD.Though 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格处填入引导词，说明从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。空格后为过去分词结构left alone，此处省略了主谓结构，实为students were left alone“学生被单独留下”或“学生独自留在房间”，主句讲述的是参与实验的学生的具体行为，故此处需要的是表时间的逻辑词，表示“当学生独自留在房间时，他们会有怎么样的反应”，故选c。8、单选题第（8）题选_A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格位于定语从句中，说明第一类学生的特点；空格所在处的主语that指代的是wh

14、ich ones would shock them，即“哪些笔是带电的”。本段首句提到，实验对象有两类学生，一类知道哪些笔是带电的，另一类只知道有些笔带电，但不知道具体是哪些笔。本句第一个who引导的定语从句指代了第二类学生，故空格所在处应指第一类学生，即知道哪些笔是带电的，故他们是知道“摁下笔被电”是会“发生”的，故happen符合语义，故选D。9、单选题第（9）题选_.A.such asB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.owing to 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格填入介词短语，表明空格前后的逻辑关系。空格前的other stimuli“其他刺激物”指类似“被电”

15、这类不愉快的体验；而空格后的“指甲划过黑板的声音”和“令人作呕的昆虫照片”在逻辑上应属于这类不愉快体验的举例，such as符合文章逻辑，故选A。10、单选题第（10）题选_.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格处填入动词，The drive to指“对的需求”，全文讨论的是求知欲(need to know)和满足好奇心(satisfy curiosity)，故此处应复现全文关键词，填入discover“对探索、发现的需求”符合题意，故选C。11、单选题第（11）题选_.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schoo

16、ling 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入名词，与shelter“住处，栖身之地”并列，都表示人类最基本的需求(basic drives)。结合选项，pay意为“支付，薪酬”，food意为“食物”，marriage意为“婚姻”，schooling意为“学校教育”。food“食物”是最基本的需求，符合上下文句意，故选B。12、单选题第（12）题选_.A.begin withB.rest onC.lead toD.learn from 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格处填入动词短语，作句子的谓语，说明主语it(指代curiosity“好奇心”)与宾语new scientific advances“新

17、的科技进步”的关系。空格句是对“好奇心是好的(good instinct)”的举例，都应说明“好奇心”的好处，lead to填入文中，指“好奇心可以促使科学进步”，符合题意，故选C。13、单选题第（13）题选_.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格所在分句与前一分句是并列关系，但语义相反，sometimes与前半句的often对应；backfire“产生事与愿违的结果”则与前面a good instinct相反，故such应指代前面的curiosity。结合选项，inquiry意为“查明，探究”，withdra

18、wal意为“撤销，隐退”，persistence意为“坚持”，diligence意为“勤奋”。inquiry和curiosity语义对应，故选A。14、单选题第（14）题选_.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive 正确答案：D 参考解析：采用排除法。空格处填入形容词，说明好奇心会驱使我们做什么事。从语篇逻辑来看，本句应该是对上一句后半句的补充说明，即说明好奇心可能会产生事与愿违的结果(backfire)，故空格填入的词应含有消极意义，据此可排除含褒义的B项“自主的”及中性词c项“明显的”。结合上下文多处提到

19、painful，unpleasant等词可推断，满足好奇心可能会“伤害自己”，而不是“欺骗自己”，排除A项。因此选D。15、单选题第（15）题选_.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist 正确答案：D 参考解析：本句语序可理解为to_unhealthy curiosity is possible，故空格填入的动词与“不健康的好奇心”构成动宾搭配。从下一句实验的情况来看，如果参与者事先预测的话，他们选择看令人不悦的图片的可能性就会降低(less likelyto see such an image)，而看这些图片就是为了满足好奇心，故不看这些图片实际上就是忍住不去满足好

20、奇心，D项“忍住、按捺住(拥有某东西或做某事的欲望)”正确。16、单选题第（16）题选_.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格处填入动词，说明在被鼓励做什么的参与者选择看令人不悦的图片的可能性更低；空格动词的宾语是由how引导的从句，该从句内容为“他们在看到令人不悦的照片会有什么样的感觉”，而由下文的imagining“想象”和thinking about“思考”可知，参与者应该只是对看后的感觉进行“想象，假想”，空格填入的词应与imagine或think about语义相近，选项中只有predict符合条件，故选D。17、单选

21、题第（17）题选_.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格处填入动词，与后面的to see such an image构成“动词+to do sth”结构，其中such an image指代an unpleasant picture，此处应该是说实验对象最终是否看图片的结果，A项“选择”正确，填入文中意为“这些人选择看这些图片的可能性更低”，语义逻辑合理，故选A。18、单选题第（18）题选_.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格中填入名词，作imagining“想象”的宾语，且其

22、后由of following through on onescuriosity修饰，本句意为“事先想象刨根问底满足好奇心的_有助于决定”，本句是对实验的总结，根据第16题与imagining的对象关系可知，填入的名词应该是对how they would feel after的概括，实际上是对“后果，结果”的猜想，B项正确。19、单选题第（19）题选_.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格填入引导词，作determine的宾语，从句中it指代following through on onescuriosity，意为“刨根问底满足好奇心值得一试”。从实

23、验结果来看，做过想象的人选择这样做的可能性更低，所以此处应该指“是否应这样做”，结合选项，how意为“如何”，用来表方式；why意为“为什么”，用来表原因；where意为“哪里”，用来表地点；whether意为“是否”，最符合句意，故选D。20、单选题第（20）题选_.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格填入的名词作Thinking about的宾语，说明降低好奇心可能产生的负面影响的关键是什么。本题可结合第16题和第18题，从imagining和thinking about的对应关系来看，本题的

24、答案应与第18题的答案意思相近。结合选项，limitations意为“限制”，investments意为“投资”，consequences意为“后果”，strategies意为“战略”。consequences符合题意，故选C。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneeri

25、ng. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bik

26、e chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious

27、 prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education have that stereotype., that its for kids who cant make it academically, he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the e

28、conomic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for alland the subtle devaluing of anythin

29、g lessmisses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately t

30、rained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most

31、arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21、单选题A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_

32、.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization 正确答案：B 参考解析：broken bike chain的例子出现在第二段第三句。该句为反问句，实际上指出学生的现状：能说得出美国第13任总统是谁，但却不会处理坏了的自行车链，而这种现状却是人们普遍认同的知识(accepted wisdom)。第二段前两句提到Stephen Koziatek所在学校是开创性的(pioneering，暗示其做法与普遍做法不同)，学生学到的是实用知识(practical)，故普遍的情况是学生缺乏这

33、类实用知识，也正是broken bike chain所对应的，故选B。22、单选题There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful 正确答案：D 参考解析：题干问的prejudice出现在第四段首句。接着两句具体解释“偏见”是什么。前一句说的是动手类的工作(Working w

34、ith your hands)被认为是低人一等的(inferiority)；后一句则说有一种固定思维(stereotype)认为，职业教育是面向那些在学术上不成功的孩子(for kids who cant make it academically)，其中的make it意为“在某方向取得成功”，D项与原文cant make it academically同义，故选D。23、单选题We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_.A.used to have more job opportunitiesB.used to have

35、 big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing 正确答案：A 参考解析：第五段第三句提到以往(once)美国经济可以给中学毕业生提供工作保障(job security)，而现在这种保障已基本消失了(has largely evaporated)。言下之意是过去中学毕业生基本能找到工作，而现在的工作机会没以前多了，A项中used to暗示过去的工作机会多，现在没那么多了，与文意相符，故选A。24、单选题The headlong

36、push into bachelors degrees for all_.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce 正确答案：C 参考解析：题目所述与第六段第一句破折号前的内容一致，该句说这种做法忽略一个重要的观点，即这并不是美国经济所需的唯一东西；此外，从第三、第四句But后的内

37、容看，这种强调大学学位的做法还遗留了一些不能解决的问题，c项“高估高等教育的价值”与文中的暗示一致，故选C。25、单选题The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as_.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointed 正确答案：C 参考解析：作者对Koziatek的学校的态度在最后两段均有体现。第七段最后两句提到工人阶级的工作岗位有缺口(gap)，即有些工作找不到合适的人来做，而Koziatek的学校则能填补这个缺口(fill that gap)。此外，最后一段将Ko

38、ziatek的学校形容为a wake-up call，说明其有警示、警醒作用，这些都说明作者对Koziatek的学校的支持，故选C。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题While fossil fuelscoal, oil, gasstill generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is pick

39、ing up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about theplummetingprices of renewables, especially wind

40、 and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95

41、percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Admi

42、nistration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuelsespecially coalas the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of

43、the states electricity generationand where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine? has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storag

44、e capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment co

45、uld change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding upperhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington doesor doesnt doto promo

46、te alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26、单选题The word plummeting( line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to_.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising 正确答案：C 参考解析：plummeting一词在第二段第二句，在句中修饰价格，说明可再生能源价格的变化是如何促使其使用增长。结合第三句具体提到的价格变化：太阳能电池板的造价下跌了(dropped by)80。第

47、三句应该是第二句的举例和延伸，故plummeting应与drop“下降”同义，故选C。27、单选题According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical 正确答案：A 参考解析：第三段第三句提到美国使用可再生能源的情况。该句提到世界上的其他国家已带头发展(takes the lead)，美国也有显著的变化(a remarkable shift)；第四句则引用数据支持。A项中的processing notably与原文的a remarkable shift同义，故选A。28、单