2022年法律英语常用词汇和句型总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！常用术语总结一、基本概念及用法债权人： obligee 债务人： obligor 一方： one party 对方 相对人： the other party ； 善意相对人： the other party in good faith 债权： creditors right ; right to performance; right 债务 /义务： obligation 标的物： subject matter 责任： liability 要约： offer; 承诺： acceptance; 要约邀请： invitation

2、to offer; 要约人： offeror 受要约人： offeree 收件人： recipient 代理人： agent 被代理人 /本人： principle 行为人： person performing such act 代理权： agency authority 应当： shall 可以： may 不能： may not 不正值： improperly 有权做 . . .：may; is entitled to do 履行义务： perform obligation, render performance 订立合同： enter into a contract; conclude a

3、 contract; form a contract 带来缺失： cause loss to . . . 损害利益： harm somebodys interest 赔偿缺失： indemnify the other party for its loss 由某人承担费用：expenses shall be borne by sb. 承担损害赔偿责任：be liable for damages 各自承担相应的责任：bear their respective liabilities accordingly 要求承担违约责任：hold . . . liable for breach of contr

4、act 享有权益、承担义务：assume right and obligation 二、各个条文中的术语 合同订立实行 . . . 方式： a contract is concluded by the exchange of. . . e.g. by the exchange of an offer and an acceptance; by the exchange of electronic messages . . .的意思表示： manifestation of intention to do something 做出表示： manifest his intention to do 接

5、受履行： accept the performance 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！订立合同时： in the course of concluding/ negotiating a contract; at the time of its conclusion 符合规定： meet the requirement of . . . 承诺的撤回： withdrawal of acceptance 书面形式： in writing 合同书形式： memorandum of contract 具

6、有本法 . . .条规定的情形：fall into any of the circumstances set forth in Article. . . 撤回： withdraw; 撤销： cancel 拒绝追认： decline; 拒绝履行： reject 受约束： be bound ；is binding upon somebody 说明： indicate 价目表： price list 拍卖公告： announcement of auction 招标公告： call for tender 招股说明书： prospectus 商业广告： commercial advertisement

7、数据电文： electronic message 指定特定系统：designate a specific system 快速通讯方式：instantaneous communication device 国家指令性任务或国家订货任务：state mandatory plan or state purchase order 依据需要 /要求： in light of its requirement 格式条款： standard terms 条款： provision 提请留意义务：duty to call attention 应. . . 要求,做 . . .：do something upon

8、 the request of . . . 与对方协商： negotiate with the other party 预先拟定： prepare in advance 重复使用： repeated use 供应格式条款一方：the party supplying standard terms 免除或限制责任：exclude or limit liability 加重对方责任：increase the liabilities of the other party deprive the other party of material rights 排除对方主要权益：合理的方式： in a re

9、asonable manner 对格式条款的懂得：construction of standard term 通常懂得： common sense 不一样： discrepancy between and 说明： interpret pre-contract liabilities 缔约过失责任：恶意磋商： negotiate in bad faith 以. . . 名义： under the pretext of 隐瞒与 . . .有关的重要事实：conceal material facts relating to . . . 供应虚假情形：supply false information

10、商业隐秘： trade secret 泄露或不正值使用商业隐秘：在订立合同的过程中获悉：disclose or improperly use trade secret become aware of in the course of negotiating a contract 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！生效条件： conditions precedent 解除条件： conditions subsequent 阻挡促成条件成立：impair/facility satisfaction o

11、f a condition 对合同的效力商定附条件：prescribe that the effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions 附生效 /解除条件的合同：a contract subject to condition precedent/subsequent 条件成立： condition is satisfied 附期限的合同：contract term 生效 /失效期限： a time of commencement/expiration 限制民事行为才能人：a person with limited ca

12、pacity for civil act 法定代理人： legal agent 追认： ratify 纯获利益的合同：a contract from which such person accrues benefits only 与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应：be appropriate for his age, intelligence, mental health 催告法定代理人在一个月内予以追认：month demand legal agent to ratify the contract within one 视为拒绝追认：is deemed to decline ratify

13、the contract 撤销的权益： somebody is entitled to cancel. . . 以通知的方式做出：be effected by notification 以. . . 的名义： on ones behalf 没有代理权： lack agency authority 超越代理权： act beyond his agency authority 代理权终止： agency authority is extinguished 恳求人民法院或仲裁机构变更或撤销：petition the Peoples court or an arbitration institutio

14、nfor amendment or cancellation 重大误会： material mistake 显失公正： grossly unconscionable 欺诈： fraud 胁迫： duress 乘人之危： take advantage of the other partys hardship真实意思： true intention 受损害方： aggrieved party 合同无效、被撤销或者终止：invalidity, cancellation or discharge of a contract 不影响 . . .条款的效力： not impair the validity

15、 of the contract provision concerning. . . 争议解决方法：the method of dispute resolution 返仍财产： make restitution of property 过错方： the party at fault 折价补偿： allowance be made in money based on the value of the property 在合同商定的交付期间：during the prescribed period of delivery 交付时的价格：price of delivery 迟延交付标的物 /提取标的

16、物 /付款： delay in delivering the subject matter; delay in taking delivery; delay in making payment 同时履行： simultaneous performance 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！互负债务： owe performance toward each other 没有先后履行次序：there is no order of performance 履行不符合商定：render non-confo

17、rming performance 拒绝其相应的履行要求： reject its corresponding requirement for performance 部分履行： partial performance 债务人部分履行给债权人增加的费用：obligors partial performance代位权： subrogation additional expenses incurred by obligee due to 怠于行使到期债权：delay in exercising its creditor that was due 专属于 . . .人本身： exclusively p

18、ersonal to somebody 转让债权： assign a right 受让人取得与债权有关的从权益：the obligees rightassignee assumes any incidental right associated with 让与人与受让人：assignor, assignee 接到 . . . 通知： upon receipt of notice of assignment 债务人可以向受让人主见抵销：assignee the obligor may avail itself of any set-off against the 对某人享有债权： have ri

19、ght to performance by/against somebody 合并 /分立： a party has effected combination/division 合并 /分立后的法人：legal person resulting from combination/division 行使合同权益,履行合同义务：享有连带债权,承担连带债务：合同解除： terminate 合同终止： discharge assume the rights and obligations jointly and severally assume the rights and obligations 债

20、务相互抵销：obligations were set off against each other 将标的物提存：place the subject matter in escrow 免除债务： release the obligor from performance 毁损、灭失的风险：the risk of damage or loss 孳息： fruits of subject matter 违约责任： liabilities for breach of contract 履行合同义务：perform obligations under a contract 符合商定的履行合同义务：per

21、form obligations in accordance with the contract; render conforming performance 连续履行： specific performance 实行补救措施：cure of non-conforming performance 赔偿缺失： payment of damages 预期违约： anticipatory breach 明确表示： expressly state 行为说明： indicate by conduct 违约金： liquidated damage 肯定数额： a certain sum/amount of

22、 依据违约情形：in the light of degree of breach 因违约产生的缺失赔偿额的运算方法：a method for calculation of damages for the loss 名师归纳总结 resulting from a partys breach.第 4 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！适当削减： decrease the amount as appropriate 公正原就： the principle of fairness 诚恳信用原就：the principle of

23、 good faith 三、“ 效力” 的词汇. . .的效力： effectiveness/validity of . . .e.g. effectiveness of contract/offer 生效： become effective 失效： extinguish 有效： valid 无效： invalid 四、时间的词汇到达时间： time of arrival 承诺期限： the period for acceptance 信件载明的日期或电报交发之日：date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram is han

24、ded in for dispatch 邮戳日期： the posting date stamped on the envelop 超过承诺期间：after expiration of the period for acceptance 履行期限： time of performance . . .期间自 开头运算： the period for. . . commences on the date when. . ./once . . . 五、常用句型：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀资料 欢迎下载！符合情形

25、的,视为：A is deemed as C, if B. 表示假设,用 ”where ” or ”if”假如是个长句子,内容为：在一个大前提 A 下,又有几个不同的条件 B、C,每个条件下的结果（ D 是 B 的结果, E 是 C 的结果）都不同；可以用：Where/When A, if B,D；if C, E. 例如：合同法第 16 条36 条；A 时间被视为 B 时间： the time when. . .is deemed as time of. . .（the time when the electronic message enters into such specific syst

26、em is deemed as time of arrival）. . . 时 A 成立：用 once/when/upon,e.g. A contract is formed once the acceptance becomes effective. A contract becomes effective upon its formation. An offer become effective when it reaches the offeree. 在 之前,或同时到达：reach before or at the same time as . . . e.g. the notice

27、of withdrawal shall reach offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance. 具有本法 . . .条规定的情形,就. . .：. . .is . . ., if it falls into any of the circumstances set forth in Article. . . hereof. E.g. A standard term is invalid, if it falls into any of the circumstances set forth in Article 52 hereof

28、. 法律、行政法规规定 . . ., 依照其规定： Where. . .is subject to provisions of relevant law or administrative regulation, such provisions apply. 附生效 / 失效期限的合同,自. . .时生效 / 失效： A contract subject to a time of commencement/expiration becomes effective/ is extinguished at such time. . . . 除外： . . . , except where 句子 e

29、.g. 第 72 条 除非双方另有商定：. . . , unless otherwise agreed by the parties 法律规定或者当事人商定的其他. . . 情形： any other circumstances of . . . provided by law, or prescribed by the parties 法律、行政法规规定或当事人商定. . .： . . . as required by the relevant law or administrative regulation or as agreed by the parties . . . 的范畴,以 . . .为限： the scope of . . .is limited to the extent of. . . 有以下情形之一的,. . . ：. . . in any of the following circumstances 无论 . . . ： regardless of whether/when/where. . . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页