2022年新高考全国一卷英语真题含解析.pdf

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1、2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语英语本试卷共本试卷共 10 页，满分页，满分 120 分。考试用时分。考试用时 120 分钟。分钟。注意事项：注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的。因笔试不考

2、听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读阅读”开始，开始，试题序号从试题序号从“21”开始。开始。2.作答选择题时作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后选出每小题答案后，用用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上位置上;如高改动如高改动，先划掉原来的答案先划掉原来的答案，

3、然后再写上新的答案然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以不按以上要求作答的答案无效。上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。第二部分第二部分 阅读阅读(共两节，满分共两节，满分 50 分分)第一节第一节(共共 15 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for Introdu

4、ction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E.Essays(60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(

5、作业)during the course.All the assignments willbe submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in

6、-class writings ortests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion,so it is important totake careful notes during class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class orshort assignments to be completed at home,both of

7、which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is notturned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will geta zero.Short writings missed as a r

8、esult of an excused absence will be accepted.1.Where is this text probably taken from?A.Atextbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.An academic article.2.How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.3.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due d

9、ate?A.You will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.BLike most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(芝麻菜)was to make a nice greensalad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then fri

10、ends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly boughtway too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the

11、 moral grain,”asElizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away from“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown intorestaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the

12、water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes foodwaste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were a country,it would be the third largestproducer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand,lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my

13、refrigerator.Mike Curtinsees my arugula story all the time but for him,its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their lastdays.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthymeals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of fo

14、od by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,andfreeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just dont think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing w

15、aste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to notinclude the side dish you wont eat,”Curtin says.4.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at t

16、imes.C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food.5.What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.C.Energy shortage.D.Worldwide starvation.6.What does Curtins company do?A.It produces kitchen equipment.B.It turns rotten

17、 arugula into clean fuel.C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.7.What does Curtin suggest people do?A.Buy only what is needed.B.Reduce food consumption.C.Go shopping once a week.D.Eat in restaurants less often.CThe elderly residents(居民)in care homes in London are

18、 being given hens to look after to stop them feelinglonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peopleswellbeing,It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia,a serious illness of the mind.Staff in carehomes have reported a reduction

19、 in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said:“I used to keep hens when I wasyounger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”“I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the m

20、orning letting the hens out and down thereagain at night to see theyve gone to bed.”“Its good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residentscome and sit outside to watch them.Im enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done some

21、thinguseful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,and the charity hasbeen given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on the project,said:“Residents really welcome

22、 the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefitsand fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:“We are happy to be taking part in the project.It willreally help connect our residents through a shared interest a

23、nd creative activities.”8.What is the purpose of the project?A.To ensure harmony in care homes.B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C.To raise money for medical research.D.To promote the elderly peoples welfare.9.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A.She has learned new life skills.B.She ha

24、s gained a sense of achievement.C.She has recovered her memory.D.She has developed a strong personality.10.What do the underlined words“embark on”mean in paragraph 7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.11.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A.It is well received.B.It n

25、eeds to be more creative.C.It is highly profitable.D.It takes ages to see the results.DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common“m”and“a”to the rare clicks ofsome southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?Aground-breaking,five-year stu

26、dy shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in halfthe worlds languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as“f”and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foo

27、ds.Now a team of researchers led byDamin Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making ithard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip

28、 to the upper teeth.Later,our jawschanged to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithicperiod.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didnt have to do as mu

29、ch work and so didnt growto be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of worldlanguages after the Neolithic age,with the use of“f”and“v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousandyears.These sounds are still not found in the languag

30、es of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beingsevolved around 300,000 years ago.”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since theappearance of human beings,but rather the huge va

31、riety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of acomplex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“said Steven Moran,a member of theresearch team.12.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A.Its variety.B.Its distribution.C.Its

32、quantity.D.Its development.13.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B.They could not open and close their lips easily.C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.14.What is

33、 paragraph 5 mainly about?A.Supporting evidence for the research results.B.Potential application of the research findings.C.Afurther explanation of the research methods.D.Areasonable doubt about the research process.15.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A.It is key to ef

34、fective communication.B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.C.It is a complex and dynamic system.D.It drives the evolution of human beings.第二节第二节(共共 5 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。项。Fitness Magazine recently

35、 ran an article titled“Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.”One reasonwas:“Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”while another read:“_16_”With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition.So,how do you find a

36、workout partner?First of all,decide what you want from that person._17_ Or do you just want to be physically fit,able tomove with strength and flexibility?Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,b

37、ut it probably wont result in auseful response._18_ If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of trainingshe wanted to do,how many days a week and how many hours she want

38、ed to spend on each session,and her age.Italso listed her favorite sports and activities,and provided her phone number._19_You and your partner will probably have different skills._20_ Over time,both of you will benefit yourpartner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physicall

39、y fit.The core(核心)of yourrelationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B.Aworkout partner usually needs to live close by.C.Youll work harder if you train with someone else.D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E.Ho

40、w can you write a good“seeking training partner”notice?F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.第三部分第三部分 语言运用语言运用(共两节，满分共两节，满分 30 分分)第一节第一节(共共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 1 分，满分分，满分 15 分分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、

41、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our _21_ are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little.Once,we_22_ along Chalk Creek.I was _23_ that our 15-month-old boy would fal

42、l into the creek(小溪).I tied arope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was _24_,and his cryinglet the whole campground know it.So _25_ tying him up,I just kept a close eye on him.It _26_ hedidnt end up in the creek.My three-year-old,however,did.Another time,

43、we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we _27_,but storms move infast in the mountains,and this one quickly _28_ our peaceful morning trip.The _29_ picked up andthunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to _30_ the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No _31_.We were stuck in the middle o

44、f the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there _32_,a fisherman pulled up,threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back.We were _33_.Now,every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage,we are filled with a sense of_34_,wondering what camping fun and _35_ we will experience next.21.A.ideasB.jok

45、esC.memoriesD.discoveries22.A.campedB.droveC.walkedD.cycled23.A.annoyedB.surprisedC.disappointedD.worried24.A.unhurtB.unfortunateC.uncomfortableD.unafraid25.A.due toB.instead ofC.apart fromD.as for26.A.workedB.happenedC.matteredD.changed27.A.signed upB.calmed downC.checked outD.headed off28.A.arrang

46、edB.interruptedC.completedD.recorded29.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed30.A.findB.hideC.startD.fix31.A.luckB.answerC.wonderD.signal32.A.patientlyB.tirelesslyC.doubtfullyD.helplessly33.A.sorryB.braveC.safeD.right34.A.reliefB.dutyC.prideD.excitement35.A.failureB.adventureC.performanceD.conflict第二节第二节

47、(共共 10 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 15 分分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP)._36_(cover)an area about three times _37_ size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the firstnational parks in the coun

48、try.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _38_(be)previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority_39_(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a three-year pilot period,the GPNP wil

49、l be officially set up next year.The GPNP _40_(design)toreflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems,preservingbiological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,_41_ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)forfuture generations”.The GPN

50、Ps main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _42_(population)and homes of giant pandas,and _43_(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve _44_ an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a host of plants andanimals in the southwestern and north