化学手册-常用数据.docx

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1、无机酸在水溶液中的解离常数25名称化学式KapKa备注偏铝酸HAlO26.310-13亚砷酸H3AsO36.010-10砷 酸H3AsO46.310-3 (K1)1.0510-7 (K 2)3.210-12 (K3)硼 酸H3BO35.810-10 (K1)1.810-13 (K2)1.610-14 (K3)次溴酸HBrO2.410-9氢氰酸HCN6.210-10碳 酸H2CO3 4.210-7(K1)5.610-11(K2)次氯酸HClO3.210-8氢氟酸HF6.6110-4锗 酸H2GeO31.710-9 (K1)1.910-13(K2)高碘酸HIO42.810-2亚硝酸HNO25.11

2、0-4次磷酸H3PO25.910-2亚磷酸H3PO35.010-2 (K1)2.510-7 (K2)磷 酸H3PO47.5210-3(K1)6.3110-8(K2)4.410-13(K3)焦磷酸H4P2O73.010-2 (K1)4.410-3 (K2)2.510-7 (K3)5.610-10 (K4)氢硫酸H2S1.310-7 (K1)7.110-15 (K2)亚硫酸H2SO31.2310-2 (K1)6.610-8 (K2)硫 酸H2SO41.0103 (K1)1.0210-2 (K2)硫代硫酸H2S2O32.5210-1(K1)1.910-2(K2)氢硒酸H2Se1.310-4(K1)1

3、.010-11(K2)亚硒酸H2SeO32.710-3(K1)2.510-7(K2)硒 酸H2SeO41103 (K1)1.210-2 (K2)硅 酸H2SiO31.710-10 (K1)1.610-12 (K2)亚碲酸H2TeO32.710-3 (K1)1.810-8 (K2)一些重要的物理常数真空中的光速C=2.997 924 58108m.s-1电子的电荷e=1.602 177 3310-19C原子质量单位u=1.660 540 210-27kg质子静质量mp=1.672 623 110-27kg中子静质量mn=1.674 954 310-27kg电子静质量me=9.109 389 71

4、0-31kg理想气体摩尔体积Vm=2.241 41010-2m3.mol-1摩尔气体常数-1.k-1阿佛加德罗常数NA=6.022 136 71023mol-1里德堡常数R=1.097 373 153 4107m-1法拉第常数F=9.648 530 9104mol-1普朗克常数h=6.626 075 510-34J.s玻尔兹曼常数k=1.380 65810-23J.k-1有机酸在水溶液中的解离常数25名称化学式KapKa甲 酸HCOOH1.810-4乙 酸CH3COOH1.7410-5乙醇酸CH2(OH)COOH1.4810-4草 酸(COOH)25.410-2(K1)5.410-5(K2)甘

5、氨酸CH2(NH2)COOH1.710-10一氯乙酸CH2ClCOOH1.410-3二氯乙酸CHCl2COOH5.010-2三氯乙酸CCl3COOH2.010-1丙 酸CH3CH2COOH1.3510-5丙烯酸CH2CHCOOH5.510-5乳酸(丙醇酸)CH3CHOHCOOH1.410-4丙二酸HOCOCH2COOH1.410-3(K1)2.210-6(K2)2-丙炔酸HCCCOOH1.2910-2甘油酸HOCH2CHOHCOOH2.2910-4丙酮酸CH3COCOOH3.210-3a-丙胺酸CH3CHNH2COOH1.3510-10b-丙胺酸CH2NH2CH2COOH4.410-11正丁酸

6、CH3(CH2)2COOH1.5210-5异丁酸(CH3)2CHCOOH1.4110-53-丁烯酸CH2CHCH2COOH2.110-5异丁烯酸CH2C(CH2)COOH2.210-5反丁烯二酸(富马酸)HOCOCHCHCOOH9.310-4(K1)3.610-5(K2)顺丁烯二酸(马来酸)HOCOCHCHCOOH1.210-2(K1)5.910-7(K2)酒石酸HOCOCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH1.0410-3(K1)4.5510-5(K2)正戊酸CH3(CH2)3COOH 1.410-5异戊酸(CH3)2CHCH2COOH1.6710-52-戊烯酸CH3CH2CHCHCOOH2.01

7、0-53-戊烯酸CH3CHCHCH2COOH3.010-54-戊烯酸CH2CHCH2CH2COOH2.1010-5戊二酸HOCO(CH2)3COOH1.710-4(K1)8.310-7(K2)谷氨酸HOCOCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH7.410-3(K1)4.910-5(K2)4.410-10 (K3)正己酸CH3(CH2)4COOH1.3910-5异己酸(CH3)2CH(CH2)3COOH1.4310-5(E)-2-己烯酸H(CH2)3CHCHCOOH1.810-5(E)-3-己烯酸CH3CH2CHCHCH2COOH1.910-5己二酸HOCOCH2CH2CH2CH2COOH3.810

8、-5(K1)3.910-6(K2)柠檬酸HOCOCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH2COOH7.410-4(K1)1.710-5(K2)4.010-7(K3)苯 酚C6H5OH1.110-10邻苯二酚(o)C6H4(OH)23.610-101.610-13间苯二酚(m)C6H4(OH)23.610-10(K1)8.7110-12(K2)对苯二酚(p)C6H4(OH)21.110-102,4,6-三硝基苯酚2,4,6-(NO2)3C6H2OH 5.110-1葡萄糖酸CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH1.410-4苯甲酸C6H5COOH6.310-5水杨酸C6H4(OH)COOH1.0510-3(K1

9、)4.1710-13(K2)邻硝基苯甲酸(o)NO2C6H4COOH6.610-3间硝基苯甲酸(m)NO2C6H4COOH3.510-4对硝基苯甲酸(p)NO2C6H4COOH3.610-4邻苯二甲酸(o)C6H4(COOH)21.110-3(K1)4.010-6(K2)间苯二甲酸(m)C6H4(COOH)22.410-4(K1)2.510-5(K2)对苯二甲酸(p)C6H4(COOH)22.910-4(K1)3.510-5(K2)1,3,5-苯三甲酸C6H3(COOH)37.610-3(K1)7.910-5(K2)6.610-6(K3)苯基六羧酸C6(COOH)62.110-1(K1)6.2

10、10-3(K2)3.010-4(K3)8.110-6(K4)4.810-7(K5)3.210-8(K6)癸二酸HOOC(CH2)8COOH2.610-5(K1)2.610-6(K2)乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) CH2N(CH2COOH)2CH2N(CH2COOH)21.010-2(K1)2.1410-3(K2)6.9210-7(K3)5.510-11(K4)无机碱在水溶液中的解离常数25名称化学式KbpKb氢氧化铝Al(OH)31.3810-9(K3)氢氧化银AgOH1.1010-4氢氧化钙Ca(OH)23.7210-33.9810-2氨 水NH3+H2O1.7810-5肼联氨N2H4+H2O9

11、.5510-7(K1)1.2610-15(K2)羟 氨NH2OH+H2O9.1210-9氢氧化铅Pb(OH)29.5510-4(K1)3.010-8(K2)氢氧化锌Zn(OH)29.5510-4有机碱在水溶液中的解离常数25名称化学式KbpKb甲胺CH3NH24.1710-4尿素脲CO(NH2)21.510-14乙胺CH3CH2NH24.2710-4乙醇胺H2N(CH2)2OH3.1610-5乙二胺H2N(CH2)2NH28.5110-5(K1)7.0810-8(K2)二甲胺(CH3)2NH5.8910-4三甲胺(CH3)3N6.3110-5三乙胺(C2H5)3N5.2510-4丙胺C3H7N

12、H23.7010-4异丙胺i-C3H7NH24.3710-41,3-丙二胺NH2(CH2)3NH22.9510-4(K1)3.0910-6(K2)1,2-丙二胺CH3CH(NH2)CH2NH25.2510-5(K1)4.0510-8(K2)三丙胺(CH3CH2CH2)3N4.5710-4三乙醇胺(HOCH2CH2)3N5.7510-7丁胺C4H9NH24.3710-4异丁胺C4H9NH22.5710-4叔丁胺C4H9NH24.8410-4己胺H(CH2)6NH24.3710-4辛胺H(CH2)8NH24.4710-4苯胺C6H5NH23.9810-10苄胺C7H9N2.2410-5环己胺C6H

13、11NH24.3710-4吡啶C5H5N1.4810-9六亚甲基四胺(CH2)6N41.3510-92-氯酚C6H5ClO3.5510-63-氯酚C6H5ClO1.2610-54-氯酚C6H5ClO2.6910-5邻氨基苯酚(o)H2NC6H4OH5.210-51.910-5间氨基苯酚(m)H2NC6H4OH7.410-56.810-5对氨基苯酚(p)H2NC6H4OH2.010-43.210-6邻甲苯胺(o)CH3C6H4NH22.8210-10间甲苯胺(m)CH3C6H4NH25.1310-10对甲苯胺(p)CH3C6H4NH21.2010-98-羟基喹啉(20)8-HOC9H6N6.51

14、0-5二苯胺(C6H5)2NH7.9410-14联苯胺H2NC6H4C6H4NH25.0110-10(K1)4.2710-11 (K2)pH标准缓冲溶液名称配 制 不同温度时的pH值0510152025303540草酸盐标准缓冲溶液cKH3(C2O4)22H2O为0.05mol/L。称取四草酸钾KH3(C2O4)22H2O溶于无二氧化碳的水中，稀释至1000ml不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-酒石酸盐标准缓冲溶液在25时，用无二氧化碳的水溶解外消旋的酒石酸氢钾(KHC4H4O6)，并剧烈振摇至成饱与溶液不同温度时的

15、pH值(pH in different temperatures)0510152025303540-不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-苯二甲酸氢盐标准缓冲溶液c(C6H4CO2HCO2K)为0.05mol/L，称取于(115.05.0)枯燥 23h的邻苯二甲酸氢钾KHC8H4O4，溶于无CO2的蒸馏水，并稀释至1000ml注：可用于酸度计校准不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)0510152025303540不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperat

16、ures)4550556070809095-磷酸盐标准缓冲溶液分别称取在(115.05.0)枯燥23h的磷酸氢二钠Na2HPO4(353001)g与磷酸二氢钾KH2PO4 (339001)g，溶于预先煮沸过1530min并迅速冷却的蒸馏水中，并稀释至1000ml注：可用于酸度计校准不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)0510152025303540不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-硼酸盐标准缓冲溶液c(Na2B4O710H2O)称取硼砂Na2B4O710H2O(380 001

17、)g注意：不能烘！，溶于预先煮沸过 1530min并迅速冷却的蒸馏水中，并稀释至1000ml。置聚乙烯塑料瓶中密闭保存。存放时要防止空气中的CO2的进入注：可用于酸度计校准不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)0510152025303540不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-氢氧化钙标准缓冲溶液在25，用无二氧化碳的蒸馏水制备氢氧化钙的饱与溶液。氢氧化钙溶液的浓度c1/2Ca(OH)2应在0.04000.0412mol/L。氢氧化钙溶液的浓度可以酚红为指示剂，用盐酸标准溶液c(

18、HCl)=0.1mol/L滴定测出。存放时要防止空气中的二氧化碳的进入。出现混浊应弃去重新配制不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)0510152025303540不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-难溶化合物的溶度积常数序号 分 子 式 Ksp pKsp (-lgKsp)序号 分 子 式 Ksp pKsp (-lgKsp)1Ag3AsO41.010-2295Hg2Cl21.310-182AgBr5.010-1396HgC2O41.010-73AgBrO35.5010-597Hg

19、2CO38.910-174AgCl1.810-1098Hg2(CN)25.010-405AgCN1.210-1699Hg2CrO42.010-96Ag2CO38.110-12100Hg2I24.510-297Ag2C2O43.510-11101HgI22.8210-298Ag2Cr2O41.210-12102Hg2(IO3)22.010-149Ag2Cr2O72.010-7103Hg2(OH)22.010-2410AgI8.310-17104HgSe1.010-5911AgIO33.110-8105HgS(红)4.010-5312AgOH2.010-8106HgS(黑)1.610-5213Ag

20、2MoO42.810-12107Hg2WO41.110-1714Ag3PO41.410-16108Ho(OH)35.010-2315Ag2S6.310-50109In(OH)31.310-3716AgSCN1.010-12110InPO42.310-2217Ag2SO31.510-14111In2S35.710-7418Ag2SO41.410-5112La2(CO3)33.9810-3419Ag2Se2.010-64113LaPO43.9810-2320Ag2SeO31.010-15114Lu(OH)31.910-2421Ag2SeO45.710-8115Mg3(AsO4)22.110-202

21、2AgVO35.010-7116MgCO33.510-823Ag2WO45.510-12117MgCO33H2O2.1410-524Al(OH)34.5710-33118Mg(OH)21.810-1125AlPO46.310-19119Mg3(PO4)28H2O6.3110-2626Al2S32.010-7120Mn3(AsO4)21.910-2927Au(OH)35.510-46121MnCO31.810-1128AuCl33.210-25122Mn(IO3)24.3710-729AuI31.010-46123Mn(OH)41.910-1330Ba3(AsO4)28.010-51124MnS

22、(粉红)2.510-1031BaCO35.110-9125MnS(绿)2.510-1332BaC2O41.610-7126Ni3(AsO4)23.110-2633BaCrO41.210-10127NiCO36.610-934Ba3(PO4)23.410-23128NiC2O44.010-1035BaSO41.110-10129Ni(OH)2(新)2.010-1536BaS2O31.610-5130Ni3(PO4)25.010-3137BaSeO32.710-7131-NiS3.210-1938BaSeO43.510-8132-NiS1.010-2439Be(OH)21.610-22133-Ni

23、S2.010-2640BiAsO44.410-10134Pb3(AsO4)24.010-3641Bi2(C2O4)33.9810-36135PbBr24.010-542Bi(OH)34.010-31136PbCl21.610-543BiPO41.2610-23137PbCO37.410-1444CaCO32.810-9138PbCrO42.810-1345CaC2O4H2O4.010-9139PbF22.710-846CaF22.710-11140PbMoO41.010-1347CaMoO44.1710-8141Pb(OH)21.210-1548Ca(OH)25.510-6142Pb(OH)4

24、3.210-6649Ca3(PO4)22.010-29143Pb3(PO4)38.010-4350CaSO43.1610-7144PbS1.010-2851CaSiO32.510-8145PbSO41.610-852CaWO48.710-9146PbSe7.9410-4353CdCO35.210-12147PbSeO41.410-754CdC2O43H2O9.110-8148Pd(OH)21.010-3155Cd3(PO4)22.510-33149Pd(OH)46.310-7156CdS8.010-27150PdS2.0310-5857CdSe6.3110-36151Pm(OH)31.010-

25、2158CdSeO31.310-9152Pr(OH)36.810-2259CeF38.010-16153Pt(OH)21.010-3560CePO41.010-23154Pu(OH)32.010-2061Co3(AsO4)27.610-29155Pu(OH)41.010-5562CoCO31.410-13156RaSO44.210-1163CoC2O46.310-8157Rh(OH)31.010-2364Co(OH)2(蓝)6.3110-15158Ru(OH)31.010-36159Sb2S31.510-93Co(OH)2 (粉红，新沉淀)1.5810-15160ScF34.210-18161

26、Sc(OH)38.010-31162Sm(OH)38.210-23163Sn(OH)21.410-28164Sn(OH)41.010-56Co(OH)2 (粉红，陈化)2.0010-16165SnO23.9810-65166SnS1.010-25167SnSe3.9810-3965CoHPO42.010-7168Sr3(AsO4)28.110-1966Co3(PO4)32.010-35169SrCO31.110-1067CrAsO47.710-21170SrC2O4H2O1.610-768Cr(OH)36.310-31171SrF22.510-969CrPO44H2O(绿)2.410-2317

27、2Sr3(PO4)24.010-28CrPO44H2O(紫) 1.010-17 17.0 173SrSO43.210-770CuBr5.310-9174SrWO41.710-1071CuCl1.210-6175Tb(OH)32.010-2272CuCN3.210-20176Te(OH)43.010-5473CuCO32.3410-10177Th(C2O4)21.010-2274CuI1.110-12178Th(IO3)42.510-1575Cu(OH)24.810-20179Th(OH)44.010-4576Cu3(PO4)21.310-37180Ti(OH)31.010-4077Cu2S2.

28、510-48181TlBr3.410-678Cu2Se1.5810-61182TlCl1.710-479CuS6.310-36183Tl2CrO49.7710-1380CuSe7.9410-49184TlI6.510-881Dy(OH)31.410-22185TlN32.210-482Er(OH)34.110-24186Tl2S5.010-2183Eu(OH)38.910-24187TlSeO32.010-3984FeAsO45.710-21188UO2(OH)21.110-2285FeCO33.210-11189VO(OH)25.910-2386Fe(OH)28.010-16190Y(OH)

29、38.010-2387Fe(OH)34.010-38191Yb(OH)33.010-2488FePO41.310-22192Zn3(AsO4)21.310-2889FeS 6.310-18193ZnCO31.410-1190Ga(OH)37.010-36194Zn(OH)22.0910-1691GaPO41.010-21195Zn3(PO4)29.010-3392Gd(OH)31.810-23196-ZnS1.610-2493Hf(OH)44.010-26197-ZnS2.510-2294Hg2Br25.610-23198ZrO(OH)26.310-49标准电极电势25.0，101.325kP

30、a序号电极过程E/V1Ag+eAg2Ag2+eAg+3AgBr+eAg+Br-4AgBrO3+eAg+BrO3-5AgCl+eAg+Cl-6AgCN+eAg+CN-7Ag2CO3+2e2Ag+CO32-8Ag2C2O4+2e2Ag+C2O42-9Ag2CrO4+2e2Ag+CrO42-10AgF+eAg+F-11Ag4Fe(CN)6+4e4Ag+Fe(CN)64-12AgI+eAg+I-13AgIO3+eAg+IO3-14Ag2MoO4+2e2Ag+MoO42-15Ag(NH3)2+eAg+2NH316AgNO2+eAg+NO2-17Ag2O+H2O+2e2Ag+2OH-182AgO+H2O+

31、2eAg2O+2OH-19Ag2S+2e2Ag+S2-20Ag2S+2H+2e2Ag+H2S21AgSCN+eAg+SCN-22Ag2SeO4+2e2Ag+SeO42-23Ag2SO4+2e2Ag+SO42-24Ag2WO4+2e2Ag+WO42-25Al3+3eAl26AlF63-+3eAl+6F-27Al(OH)3+3eAl+3OH-28AlO2-+2H2O+3eAl+4OH-29Am3+3eAm30Am4+eAm3+31AmO22+4H+3eAm3+2H2O32As+3H+3eAsH333As+3H2O+3eAsH3+3OH-34As2O3+6H+6e2As+3H2O35HAsO2+3H

32、+3eAs+2H2O36AsO2-+2H2O+3eAs+4OH-37H3AsO4+2H+2eHAsO2+2H2O38AsO43-+2H2O+2eAsO2-+4OH-39AsS2-+3eAs+2S2-40AsS43-+2e AsS2-+2S2-41Au+eAu42Au3+3eAu43Au3+2eAu+44AuBr2-+eAu+2Br-45AuBr4-+3eAu+4Br-46AuCl2-+eAu+2Cl-47AuCl4-+3eAu+4Cl-48AuI+eAu+I-49Au(SCN)4-+3eAu+4SCN-50Au(OH)3+3H+3eAu+3H2O51BF4-+3eB+4F-52H2BO3-+H

33、2O+3eB+4OH-53B(OH)3+7H+8eBH4-+3H2O54Ba2+2eBa55Ba(OH)2+2eBa+2OH-56Be2+2eBe57Be2O32-+3H2O+4e2Be+6OH-58Bi+eBi59Bi3+3eBi60BiCl4-+3eBi+4Cl-61BiOCl+2H+3eBi+Cl-+H2O62Bi2O3+3H2O+6e2Bi+6OH-63Bi2O4+4H+2e2BiO+2H2O64Bi2O4+H2O+2e Bi2O3+2OH-65Br2(水溶液,aq)+2e2Br-66Br2(液体)+2e2Br-67BrO-+H2O+2eBr-+2OH68BrO3-+6H+6eBr-+3H2O69BrO3-+3H2O+6eBr-+6OH-702BrO3-+12H+10eBr2+6H2O71HBrO+H+2eBr-+H2O722HBrO+2H+2eBr2(水溶液,aq)+2H2O73CH3OH+2H+2eCH4+H2O74HCHO+2H+2eCH3OH75CH3COOH+2H+2eCH3CHO+H2O76(CN)2+2H+2e2HCN77(CNS)2+2e2CNS-78CO2+2H+2eCO+H2O79CO2+2H+2eHCOOH80Ca2+2eCa81Ca(OH)2+2eCa+2OH-82Cd2+2eCd83Cd2+2eCd(Hg)84Cd(CN)42-+2eC