雅思作文写作Task 第三课时地图流程图.doc

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1、IELTS图表作文讲解：地图、流程图学生面授教师时间本次课时IELTS写作第三课时教学思路1. 作文简介、写作技巧2. 实例讲解3. 分析总结4. 课后作业教学目标1. 地图、流程图理论分析分析2. 掌握两类图表作文的根本特征与写作方法3. 学习写作思路讲解重点地图、流程图写作方法范文学习常用句式总结备考资料剑桥根底资料教学详细内容：一、分析雅思图表作文地图、流程图理论1. 地图题特点 地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。地理变迁题描述的是一个地方多为一个城镇在一段时间的开展变化。 时态：图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一

2、段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现完成时。 细节变化：地图每个细节变化都要提到，不要无视一个细节 语态 ：地图题用被动语态2流程图flow chart特点其一， 流程图的题目根本不会重复，因此复习已经考过的题目不会太大效果，第二，流程图的词汇随着图表的对象而变化，很少出现重复的词汇。流程图考察的次数不多，每年大概3-5次，集中出现在年初与年末的三个月。一般来说，流程图与普通图表的区别主要在于： 流程图根本上不会出现数据，文字信息占主要地位 流程图以描述为主，比拟的时机比图表题少 流程图中出现的信息都需要描述，而普通图表那么不

3、需要描述每一个数据 流程图的时态比拟单一，主要是用一般现在时 流程图的分段比拟灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段3. 流程图备考考前须知：1注意掌握段落连接或者不同阶段之间的说法sequence expression 表示首阶段的一些说法a) The process starts from b) At the first/initial stage,c) At the beginning of the cycle,d) During the initial phase,e) The beginning of the whole cycle is marked byf) (名词

4、or 动名词)is the first step in (+ 名词 or 动名词) 表示次段的一些说法：a) The second stage is b) The next step in the process is 表示最后阶段的一些说法a) (名词 or 动名词) is the last step in the procedure.b) The final phase of the procedure is aboutc) In the final phase,d) Entering the final phase,e) (名词 or 动名词) is the final stage.2要

5、注意各个阶段的比拟，充实文章内容，防止平铺直叙3注意流程图的读图顺序：找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段；掌握表示“顺序的连接词(Sequencing Words)，用来说明过程的各个步骤与先后顺序。4. 地图、流程图常用词汇、句型第一局部：导游图类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是在一个平面图中进展箭头引导，并要求考生对路线与沿途设施做出说明。 总介绍A stretch out/ extend/ radiate from B to C：A从B延展置CA be circled by B：A被B环绕A cover an area of B：A占地面积为BA be divided into B

6、by C =C divide A into B A被C分成了B局部 位置介绍A be in the middle/ center of B：A在B中心A be in the vicinity/ proximity/ vicinage of B：A在B邻近A be within walking distance from B：A离B数步之遥 路径与沿途设施介绍The route/ path/ lane marked with arrow leads A to B：由箭头引导的路线将A引导至BGoing around the first sharp corner, you will find A

7、on your left/ right.在第一个急转弯处，你会在左侧/ 右侧发现A。Next to it is B where_接下来是B它处于怎样的位置或有怎样功能C appears between D and E, as you go further down the route.你沿着路线走下去，会发现C出现在D与E之间。Finally, you are going to return to the original point after.最后，在之后，你会回到原点。第二局部：变化图类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是介绍统一建筑或位置在假设干年中的布局、构造变化情况。 总介绍As show

8、n by the maps, A vary obviously over B如下图，A在B时间跨度间发生了明显变化Separated into.sections, A have B built in it originally. 划分为局部，A中原建有BA take up a total area of B, with C making up., D., and E.A的总占地面积为B，其中C、D、E分占面积 变化介绍The area of A remains unchangeable. A的面积没有发生明显变化。A be removed from B to C after the recon

9、struction. 重建后，A被从B处移到了C。The positions of A and B are exchanged. A与B的位置出现了对调。An extra floor is added up to the Tower A. A上又加盖了一层。第三局部：区位图类别解释：该类作文要求考生交代某一地图中各个地点之间的位置关系在某些情况下，要求考生在假设干地点中选择某一个作为特定设施的选点。 区位关系A be to the north of B by C相隔A be at the north of B相切A be in the north of B包含A and B share C共有

10、 人口概念The total population of the area is A 该地的总人口数量为AA residents populate the area. A数量的居民住在该地区 交通概念A radiate in all directions. A常为交通网络四通八达。A be accessible from all directions. 从各个方向都能到达A。二、 实例分析地图：The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket S is planned for the town. The map shows

11、two possible sites for supermarket.分析思路：1 本图显示了G市的超市选址情况；2. S1情况分析：地理位置是在郊区，因此方便建停车场；离H市近，有很大的潜在顾客；紧邻公路主干道与铁路，交通便捷；3. S2位置分析：地处G市中心地区，周围有大量当地居民；交通不便；离 C与B市较近。范文分析：The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.首段对文章主题进展概述，并对内容进展改写The first potential location (S1)

12、 is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel b

13、y car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two Cransdon(25km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.：介绍第一个地点的具体情况： 具体的地理位置信息，多样的位置表述： 深层的分析，S1址的潜在优势 In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town center, which w

14、ould be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.：比照引出另一个点：描述具体地理位置信息： 优缺点的介绍，巧妙结合图例Overall, neither sit

15、e is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages. ： 总结S1 S2的总体情况： 给出一个更好的建议流程图：Thediagrambelow shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.Summarise the information b

16、y selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons whererelevant.Brick manufacturing* Clay: type of sticky earth that is used for making bricks, pots, etc.分析思路：1. 本图的顺序很好确定，根据箭头一路走下来即可2. 明确图中的主要信息，最为重要的一步就是温度冷却的环节3. 恰当设置先后的衔接词4. 注意文章题目，为industry做bricks,所以在delivery这一步要注意【总分值范文】The proc

17、ess by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps. 概括本流程图的几个步骤 first直接引出第一步in the first stage，与接下来的段落严密结合First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.Then the lum

18、ps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds o

19、r cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.：用then衔接流程顺序：一系列的动词不仅表达出流程的先后顺序，而且能巧妙地连接：顺序连接Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called

20、kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 -1300 . This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.：then连接：连接词的多样变化，is followed by, following，Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.： oncethen, after,right after，soon after ：将最后两步直接联系起来三、课后练习第 14 页