SCI写作句型.doc

《SCI写作句型.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《SCI写作句型.doc（19页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、SCI写作方法（一）1. Introduction：1.1. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性1.1.1. 在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。如：However, little information (little attention/little work/little data/little research) has been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied。few studies (few investigations/few re

2、searchers/few attempts) have been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied。no/none of these studies has been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied)。no/none of these studies has been with respect to如：Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed

3、 to consider/ ignored/ misinterpreted/ neglected to/overestimated/underestimated/misled. Thus, these previous results are inconclusive/misleading/unsatisfactory/questionable/ controversial. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist1.1.2. 研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作However, data is still scarce (rare

4、, less accurate) or there is still dearth ofWe need to (aim to, have to) provide more documents (data, records, studies, increase the dataset). Further studies are still necessary (essential)强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍与自己研究问题相反或相关的问题。比如：(1)时间问题；(2)研究手段问题；(3)研究区域问题；(4)不确定性；(5)提出自己的假设来验证。如果你研究的问题在时间上比

5、较新，你可大量提及时间较老问题的研究及重要性，然后(However)表明“对时间尺度比较新的问题研究不足”；如果你的是一种新的研究手段或研究方向，你可提出当前流行的方法及其物质性质，然后(However)说对你所研究的方向方法研究甚少；如果研究涉及区域问题，就先总结相邻区域或其它区域的研究，然后(However)强调这一区域的研究不足；虽然前人对某一问题研究很多，但目前有两种或更多种观点，这种uncertanties或ambiguities值得进一步澄清；如果自己的研究是全是新的，没有前人的工作可对比，你就可以自信地说“根据假设提出的过程，存在这种可能的结果，本文就是要证实这种结果”等等。We

6、 aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of theIt is hoped that the question will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed method (approach).1.2. 提出自己的观点We aim to/This paper reports on/This paper provides results/This paper extends the method/This paper focus onThe purpose of this paper is toFurt

7、hermore, Moreover, In addition, we will also discuss1.3. 圈定自己的研究范围Introduction的另一个作用就是告诉读者(包括reviewer)，你文章的主要研究内容。如果处理不好，reviewer会提出严厉的建议，比如你没有考虑某种可能性，某种研究手段等。为减少这种争论，在前言的结尾就必须明确提出本文研究的范围：(1)时间尺度；(2) 研究区域等。如涉及较长的时序，你可明确提出本文只关心某一特定时间范围的问题，We preliminarily focus on the older (younger)如有两种时间尺度 (long-te

8、rm and short term)，你可说两者都重要，但是本文只涉及其中一种。研究区域的问题，和时间问题一样，也需明确提出你只关心某一特定区域！1.4. 最后的原场在前言的最后，还可以总结性地提出“这一研究对其它研究有什么帮助”；或者说further studies onwill be summarized in our next study (or elsewhere)。总之，其目的就是让读者把思路集中到你要讨论的问题上来。尽量减少不必要的争论(arguments)。2. Discussion：2.1. 怎样提出观点在提出自己的观点时，采取什么样的策略很重要，不合适的句子通常会遭到revi

9、ewer置疑。(1)如果观点不是这篇文章最新提出的，通常要用We confirm that(2)对于自己很自信的观点，可用We believe that(3)通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply thatDemonstrate: to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence.(4) 在极其特别时才可用We put forward(discover, observe)for the first time来强调自己的创新(5) 如果自己对所提出的观点不完全肯定，可用:We t

10、entatively put forward (interpret this to)The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to resulted fromThis is probably a consequence ofIt seems thatcan account for (interpret) thisIt is possible that it stem from要注意这些结构要合理搭配。如果通篇为(1)和(5)，那这篇文章的意义就大打折扣。如果全是(2)，肯定会遭到置疑。所以要仔细分析自己成果的创新性以及可信度。1.2.连接

11、词与逻辑写英文论文最常见的毛病是文章的逻辑不清楚，解决方法如下。(1)注意句子上下连贯，不能让句子独立。常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results,

12、 thus, therefore用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD如果叙述两种观点，要把它们截然分开AAput forward thatIn contrast, BB believe or Unlike AA, BB suggest or On the contrary (表明前面观点错误)

13、，如果只表明两种观点对立，用in contrast BB如果两种观点相近,可用AA suggestSimilarly, alternatively, BBOr Also, BB or BB also does表示因果或者前后关系可用Consequently, therefore, as a result表明递进关系可用furthermore, further, moreover, in addition(2) 注意段落布局的整体逻辑经常我们要叙述一个问题的几个方面。这种情况下，一定要注意逻辑结构。第一段要明确告诉读者你要讨论几个部份Therefore, there are three aspe

14、cts of this problem have to be addressed. The first question involvesThe second problem relates toThe third aspect deals with清晰地把观点逐层叙述。也可以直接用First, Second, Third, Finally当然，Furthermore, in addition等可以用来补充说明。(3) 讨论部分的整体结构：小标题是把问题分为几个片段的好方法。通常第一个片段指出文章最重要的数据或结果；补充说明部分放在最后一个片段。一定要明白，文章的读者分为多个档次；除了本专业的

15、专业人士读懂以外，一定要想办法能让更多的外专业人读懂。所以可以把讨论部分分为两部份，一部分提出观点，另一部份详细介绍过程以及论述的依据。这样专业外的人士可以了解文章的主要观点，比较专业的讨论他可以把它当成黑箱子，而这一部分本专业人士可以进一步研究。1.3.讨论部分包括什么内容？(1)主要数据及其特征的总结；(2)主要结论及与前人观点的对比；(3) 本文的不足。对第三点，一般作者看来不可取，但事实上给出文章的不足恰恰是保护自己文章的重要手段。如果刻意隐藏文章的漏洞，觉得别人看不出来，是非常不明智的。所谓不足，包括以下内容：(1)研究的问题有点片面讨论时一定要说，It should be note

16、d that this study has examined onlyWe concentrate (focus) on onlyWe have to point out that we do notSome limitations of this study are(2)结论有些不足The results do not implyThe results can not be used to determine (or be taken as evidence of)Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this dataOur resul

17、ts are lack of但指出这些不足之后，一定要马上再次加强本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段来解决这些不足，为别人或者自己的下一步研究打下伏笔。Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggestHowever, these problems could be solved if we considerDespite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate用中文来说这是左右逢源，把审稿人想到的问题提前给一个交代，同时表明你已经在思考这些问题，但是由于文章

18、长度，试验进度或者试验手段的制约，暂时不能回答这些问题。但通过你的一些建议，这些问题在将来的研究中有可能实现。3. Others： 3.1. 为使文章清楚第一次提出概念时，最好以括弧给出较详细解释。如文章用了很多Abbreviation,可用两种方法解决：(1) 在文章最后加上个Appendix，把所有Abbreviation列表；(2)在不同页面上不时地给出Abbreviation的含义，用来提醒读者。3.2. 绝对不能全面否定前人的成果，即使在你看来前人的结论完全不对。这是对前人工作最起码的尊重，英文叫做给别人的工作credits.所以文章不要出现非常negative的评价比如Their

19、resultsare wrong, very questionable, have no commonsense, etc.遇到这类情况，可以婉转地提出：Their studies may be more reasonable if they hadconsidered this situation. Their results could be better convinced if they Their conclusion may remain some uncertainties.SCI写作方法（二）1. Introduction（1）回顾研究背景，常用词汇有review, summa

20、rize, present, outline, describe等（2）说明写作目的，常用词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等，另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的壮语老表达（3）介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等2. Method（1）介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有test study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等（2）说明研究或试验方法，

21、常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等（3）介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有use, apply, application等3. Results（1）展示研究结果，常用词汇有show, result, present等（2）介绍结论，常用词汇有summary, introduce, conclude等4. Discussion（1）陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest, report, present, expect, describe等（2）说明论证，常用词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, de

22、monstrate, confirm, clarify等（3）推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。禁用词汇l Prove/ 注：Prove to use facts, evidence to show that sth is true.Demonstrateto show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence.l etc./ and so on/ and so forth/I-me-my注：et

23、c.： 无法确定读者是否知道其它内容。可选择including进行罗列。l can(verb)/ make(verb)/ help(verb)/ get /put/ try/ wantl have to/ must/ should/ no choice/ got tol and/so/but/juststill-even-only/BrieflyIn brief/l people/ human-beings/ scientists/ members注：scientists可用researchers来代替。l creatures/things/l very important/ especial

24、ly/ remarkable/ dramatic/ played a role/played a rolemeans you don not know. No evidence, you are just guessing.l whats more/ as we all know/ moreover/ besides/ furthermore/ actually/ in fact/注：这些是政治词汇。l Meanwhile/ in the meantime/ interestingly/ at last/ thenthen.then/注：这些是中学词汇。l some/huge/tiny/gre

25、at/more and more/ a lot of/ lots of/plenty注：这些是模糊词汇。l pay attention to/ attributed/ successfully/ with the rapid development ofl evidences/ researches/ data are /is considered as/ X means Y/ is named注：evidence/research不可数名词；Data is Is considered asmeans you do not think so, others think that. X mean

26、s Y应该为indicatel Firstly/ Secondly/ Thirdly/ Finally/ In sum注：中学词汇。混淆词汇u 错误用法 正确用法u Though althoughu Maybe perhaps or possiblyu Since because or asu Will may or mightu Proper appropriateu Till untilu New improved or novelu Plenty numerous or manyu Analyses analysisu Obviously strikingly or noticeably

27、u Whole entire or completeu Figure out determineu Traditional conventionalu Molecular moleculeu Wildly widelyu Big largeu Complicated complexu Perfect idealu Hardly scarcely or seldomu 不要用分号（；）错误词汇和句子u Popular/ famous/ common/ normal/ always/ easily/ simply/ no problem Popular/famous 在美国文化里，means ba

28、d。 Common/normal = not crazy；可用typical。 Always范围太大，可用almost always 或者 in every known case。 Easily只讲科学，不管难易。u Disgusting/ luckily/ unfortunately/ controversial/ extremely 这些词，或带有感情色彩，或表示怀疑，或表示绝对。u Nowadays/ now/ today/ recently/ modern/ lately/ soon 这些词不能表示具体的时间，要考虑文章的年限，为后来读者考虑。u Is called/ is named

29、/ that is why/ means/ so-called/ u Consistency of verb tense u Avoid brackets “()”冠词和单复数的应用，避免句子简洁： u In particular, GO nanosheet has ultrahigh aspect ratio because of its. 改：In particular, the GO nanosheet has an ultrahigh aspect ratio because of its. u schematic mode of 改：mode ofu had different th

30、ickness改：“had a different thickness” 或“had different thicknesses”。u As to这个词informal，可以改用“with regard to”。u owning to owing to前者不是正确的英语，后者的意思是“because of”。 u This was probably due to不要这样用，你是在猜测吗？ u The results were summarized in Table 2.改：The results are summarized in Table 2.用现在时，因为别人看论文的时候，你的结果还在论

31、文表2上。 u by simple mixing“mixing”一词即可。 u Investigations on the preparation.把“on”换成“about”或者“regarding”，而“regarding”最好。 u And then we come to polymers.这句话很可笑，英文从来没这么表达的 u Few attentions have been paid on Few表示少到没有，而pay attention to 前面说到了是political 用语。 u Other things were got rid of用“eliminated”。u 不要在作

32、者姓名、E-mail 地址下加下划线。 u 注意保持时态的一致性 u 避免用括号“（）” u 不要用most promising/ attractive/ “for commercial applications” 太商业化，这是科学，通过科学是可以挣钱，但是不应该在论文里提到。重中之重摘要 ABSTRACTS“summaries”Its a brief section telling readers what is covered in a research article without explaining details.u 摘要不宜超过8行，5行最好，68行也可。u 摘要只需交待三件

33、事： Primary research objective你想做什么？你的目标是什么？你为什么做这些？ Methodology你是怎么做的，是通过建模？还是实验？采用了那些方法。 Insights were made你最终得到了什么新的发现和结论。进步小无所谓，但一定要有新的发现，即insight。要解释你的发现能给看这篇文章的人带来的启发和用途，即别人为什么看你的文章。 u 摘要中用第三人称（it，they，thus），避免用第一人称（we，our，us） 注意：这里说的是摘要，摘要和文章不同，不要混淆。 u 过去时摘要说的是过去的事，或者讲述你如何发现的过程。都已经过去了，因此用过去时。 u 不要用晦涩的词汇，例如在你课题组中用的一些非标准用语。 u 文章的题目来自摘要，而不是来自文章。第 19 页