高中英语代词总复习.doc

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1、高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解-代词及练习一.概念:代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词, 英语的代词使用得很广泛；汉语代词用得较英语少许多。eg. Because he had a bad cold, Jack decided to stay in bed the whole day. The Browns said they might move to California. Bob always answers his teachers questions well; that shows that he works very hard at home. I had a ch

2、at with our group leader. It was very helpful.二、代词的种类：按其意义,特征及其在句中的作用分为:1.人称代词(personal pronoun) : 主格 : I you he she it we you they 宾格 : me you him her it us you them2.物主代词(possessive pronoun) : 形容词性 : my your his her its our your their 名词性 : mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs3.反身代词 (reflexiv

3、e pronoun) : 单数 : myself yourself himself herself itself oneself 复数 : ourselves yourselves themselves 4.相互代词(reciprocal pronoun) : each other; one another5.指示代词(demonstrative pronoun) : 单数 : this that it such same 复数 : these those such same6.疑问代词(interrogative pronoun) : who ; whom; whose; which; wh

4、at 。7.关系代词(relative pronoun) : who; whom; whose; which; that; as。8.不定代词(indefinite pronoun) : some; something; somebody; someone; any; anything; anybody; anyone; no; nothing; nobody; no one; every; everything; everybody; everyone; each; much; many; little; a little; few; a few; other; another; all;

5、none; one; both; either; neither。三、相关知识点精讲1.人称代词:1)人称代词的人称、行、数和格,如下表所示 : 数人格称单 数主 格第一人称I 我第二人称you 你第三人称阳性阴性中性2)人称代词的指代:顾名思义,人称代词表示人。然而，人称代词并不全指人，也指物。eg. -Where are the plates? -They are in the cupboard.3)人称代词的功用:(i)有主格和宾格之分, 通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。eg. I like table tennis. (作主语) Do you know him ? (作宾语)(ii) 人称

6、代词还可作表语, 作表语时用宾格。 eg.-Who is knocking at the door? -Its me. (iii)人称代词后,如跟有who或that引导的从句,则常用主格。eg. Its I who did it.(iv) 人称代词单独使用时, 一般不用主格而用宾格。 eg. -Id like to go back in here. -Me, too. -Will anyone go with him? -Not me.(v.) 人称代词在as和than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时, 如果用作介词,用宾格。如果用作连词，则用主格。eg. He is older than me.

7、 / He is older than I am. Edward is as good a student as him./ You are taller than she is.(vi)在感叹句中,人称代词宾格可用作主语,起强调作用。 eg. Me get caught！ Him go to the States！(vii) we和you可用作同位结构的第一部分。也使用we 和you 泛指一般人 eg. We girls often go to the movies together. He asked you boys to be quiet.(viii) 使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、

8、大地等 eg. China is a great countryShe has a long history(Xi) 并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and theyeg：-I love you more than her, child . -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_A. you；me B. I；you C. you；you D. I；me2. 物主代词：1) 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。2) 形容词性物主代词的作用：(i)

9、形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。eg.Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.(ii) 与own连用其强调作用。eg. I saw it with my own eyes. Mind your own business! *如进一步强调可加very。 eg. Id love to have my very own room.*此结构还可以与of连用。 eg. I have nothing of my own. The Wangs had no children of their own.(iii) 形容词性物

10、主代词有时可有定冠词the代替。 eg. He received a blow on the head. A bee stung her on the nose. Hows the family?3)名词性物主代词的作用:(i)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语,宾语和表语。eg. Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语) - Is this English-book yours? (作表语) - No. Mine is in my bag. (作主语) Ive already finished my homework. Have

11、 you finished yours? (作动词宾语) Her daughter is rather stupid, but both of yours are very clever. (作介词宾语)(ii) 用作礼貌用语。 eg. Yours sincerely (truly, faithfully). 您的忠诚的(忠实的,可以信赖的) 。(信尾) A Happy New Year to you and yours from me and mine.(iii) of + 名词性物主代词: 表部分概念 : eg. He is a friend of mine. / Is he a neig

12、hbor of yours? 构成双重所有格 有感情色彩 : eg. Look at that big nose of his! / This dog of ours never bites.3. 反身代词:英语中用来表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词。1)反身代词的作用:(i)作动词的宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。eg. He called himself a writer. Would you please express yourself in English? She allowed h

13、erself a rest. You may hurt yourself if you play with the knife. We gave ourselves up. Little Tom is only four, but he can feed himself, wash himself and dress himself.(ii) 作介词的宾语。 eg.The door opened of itself. You must keep the secret to yourself.*表位置的介词后,反身代词用人称代词宾格替代。eg. I looked around me. He sh

14、ut the door after him. The mother drew the children towards her.*在某些介词之后,用反身代词和人称代词宾格均可。eg. There are seven in the family besides me/ myself. Except for us/ourselves, the whole village was asleep. Sandras sister is even taller than her/ herself.(iv.)作表语。eg. It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon. The

15、girl in the news is myself. That poor boy was myself. Bob is not quite himself today.(v.)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人.eg. I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主语同位语) You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语) / I myself can repair the bike. (作主语同位语)(vi.) 反身代词与介词的搭配用法: for oneself : 亲自

16、 eg. Youll have to see if he has gone to school for yourself. of oneself :自动地 eg. The computer can shut off of itself. in oneself :本质、本身 eg. Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy. / but hes so weak-minded. (优柔寡断) to oneself :独自享用 eg. One would rather have a bedroom to oneself. by oneself

17、 (= alone; without help) :单独地 eg. One cant play tennis by oneself. beside oneself : (由于气愤/激动等)发狂; 忘形 eg. He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam. between oneselves : 保密;不外传 eg. Between ourselves, I think Mr. Smith has not quite got over his illness yet.(vii) 反身代词与动词的搭配用法:

18、 be oneself : 处于正常状态; 显得自然 eg. She is quite herself today. Im not quite myself today我今天不大舒服。 enjoy oneself : 玩得愉快 eg. We all enjoyed ourselves at the party yesterday. Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？ seat oneself : 坐下 eg. Please seat yourselves, everybody! dress oneself in : 穿 eg. She alwa

19、ys dresses herself in red . help oneself : 随便吃;自行取用 eg. The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself to it. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。 come to oneself : 苏醒 eg. A moment later, he came to himself. make oneself at home : 不要客气eg. He made himse

20、lf at home whenever he came to my home. Make yourself at home不要拘礼；请随便吧。 devote oneself to: 专心于 ; 献身于eg. My teacher devoted herself to English teaching. find oneself in/at : 发觉自己来到 eg. When he woke up, he found himself in hospital. apply oneself to : 专心致志于eg. You would pass your exams if you applied

21、yourself to your study. adapt oneself to : 适应于eg. It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. think for oneself : 独立思考eg. You should develop the good habit of thinking for yourself. absent oneself : 缺课、缺勤 eg. He had absented himself from the office for the day. behave oneself : 使(自

22、己)举止良好eg. I want you to behave yourselves while Im away. boast oneself : 自夸eg. He is always boasting himself.4. 相互代词:表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。在当代英语, each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词的所有格分别为 each others 和 one anothers。1) 相互代词的作用:(i)作宾语:eg. We should learn from each other / one

23、 another. (作宾语) Do you often write to each other / one another? (作宾语)(ii) 定语.作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式.eg. We often borrow each others / one anothers books. (作定语) They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. (作定语)The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. (iii) ea

24、ch 和other可分开使用。eg. Each of the twins wanted to know what the other was doing. Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home.5.指示代词:1)指示代词的形式 : this, that, these, those。 2) 指示代词的含义 ：指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,它们所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。 eg. I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.

25、3) 指示代词的作用:(i) 主语 eg.These arent my books. Whos that speaking? (ii) 宾语 eg. She will do that. How do you like these?(iii) 表语 eg. My point is this. 我的意思是这个。 Oh, its not that. 噢，问题不在那儿。(iv) 定语 eg. This book is about Chinese traditional medicine. I like those flowers.(v) 状语 eg.The book is about this thi

26、ck.(“这么”表示程度) I dont want that much.4) this (these)与that (those) 的用法:(1) this(these)一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人; that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。eg. This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time. Ill come to see you one of these days.(2) 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事

27、物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。eg. I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.(3) 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。eg. Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.(4) this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。 eg. He

28、llo! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking？(5) 用于固定习语: like this : 像这样 eg. I have never seen her like this before. this and that : 这那 eg. When the old friends met, they would talk about this and that. thats all right : (不用了)没关系 eg.-I have a car outside. Ill give you a ride home. -Oh, thats all right.

29、It isnt much of a walk. for all that : 尽管如此 eg. It was May, but for all that the rain was falling as in the heaviest autumn downpours. more than that :更重要的的是 eg. She is young and beautiful. More than that, she is happy. and (all) that : ( BrE.) 等等 eg. Did you bring the contract and (all) that? Thats

30、 why : 那就是为什么 eg. Im thinking of your future, you know. Thats why Im giving you a piece of advice. at that : eg. It was in the dead of the night, and a cold night at that. 那是深夜,而且是一个寒夜。 thats that : 就是这样;就这样定了 eg. Well Im not going , and thats that. that is ( to say) : 也就是说;即; 换句话说 eg. Youll find he

31、r very helpfulif shes not too busy, that is.(6) Such 的用法:指示代词such 意谓 “这样”,具有名词和形容词的性质, 在句中可用作以下成分:(i) 主语 eg. Such is life. Such often occurred in those days.(ii) 宾语 eg. Take from the drawer such as you need. (iii) 表语 eg. The book is not such that I can recommend it. (iv) 宾语补语 eg. If you are a man, s

32、how yourself such.(v) 定语 eg. The foreign visitors said they had never seen such cities before. /Such men usually succeed.注意: such + a + n (单数) eg. He is such a hero.(vi) such as / such as : as 是关系代词 eg. China has rich resources, such as oil, coal and iron. Such books as these are rare. * such as to

33、do sth. eg. His carelessness is such as to make it unlikely that he will pass his exam.(vii) such that : that 是连词 eg. He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.比较: Here is such a big stone that no man can lift it. (that: conj. 引导结果状语从句) Here is such a big stone as no man can lift. ( as

34、 : 关系代词, 引导定语从句)(viii) such 用于固定词组: no such eg. Ill do no such thing. / There is no such thing as a free lunch. and such: 诸如此类的事物/人 eg. Just before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such. any such : eg. Any such request is sure to be turned down. some such : eg. Some such story was told to m

35、e years ago. every such : eg. On every such occasion dozens of people get injured. as such : 严格说来; 从字面上看 eg.-Well, did they offer it to you? -No, not as such, but they said I had a good chance. such as : 例如; 等等 eg. Opportunities such as this did not come every day. such as it is/they are: (数量不多或质量不好

36、时说)虽说不多; 尽管不好 eg. The food, such as it was, was served at nine oclock.(IX) such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer. Such are our people注意：做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so that， suchthat 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers(复数名词前，so 不可) I have never seen such a great film(也可为so great a film) We

37、 have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing(不可数词前，不可用so) /There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )(7) Same 的用法:指示代词same意谓 “同样”, 具有名词和形容词的性质,常与定冠词连用,在句中作以下成分:(i) 主语eg. The same is the case with me.(ii) 宾语

38、eg. We must all say the same.(iii) 表语eg. Its all the same to me.(iv) 定语eg. He always sits in the same chair.(v) 状语eg. Thank you all the same. (vi) the same as/ the samethat 的用法: 比较: I dont feel the same about you as I did. 我现在对你的看法和过去不一样了。 I live in the same district that(=as) he lives in. 我和他住在同一个区

39、。 I live in the same district that he lives.解析: 句中的as 不可换成 that，因为引导方式状语从句。 that可换成as， 因为二者都是关系代词。但是that是关系副词则不可换成as。(vii) 用于固定习语 : all / just the same : 尽管如此; 虽是这样 eg. I dont think hell wish to see me. But Ill come all the same. All the same, theres some truth in what she says. -Will you stay for l

40、unch? -No, but thanks all the same. much the same : 基本一样 eg. -How is he today? -Much the same. be all the same to sb. : 对某人无关紧要/无所谓 eg. Its all the same to me whether we eat now or later. one and the same : 同一个人/事物 eg. It turns out that her aunt and my cousin are one and the same. 原来她姑妈就是我表姐。 (the)

41、same again : (spoken) 同样地(饮料)再来一份 eg. Same again please! same here : (spoken) 我也一样;我也是 eg. -I cant wait to see it. -Same here. (the) same to you : (回应问候,辱骂等)你也一样 eg.-Get lost! -Same to you!(8) So 的用法:指示代词常作以下成分:(i) 宾语 eg. -I will write today. -Do so.(ii) 表语 eg. Be it so. 这样就行。(iii) 用于省略句 eg. -I dont

42、 like him. -Why so?= Why is that so? -Oh! Ive finished. -SO have I.(9) it 的基本用法: (1) 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。eg. Go and see who it is. -Who is that? -Its the postman. The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.John likes playing Ping-pong/He always does it in the afternoon(指代上下文提到的事物)；(2) 用以代替提示代词

43、this, that。 eg. Whats this? Its a knife. Whose watch is that? Its mine.(3) 起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。 eg. Who is knocking at the door? Its me.(4) 指环境情况等。 eg. It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.(5) 指时间、季节等。 eg. What time is it? Its eight oclock. It often rains in summer here. It is getting warmer and warmer Its very quiet at the moment(可指时间、天气、环境等)(6) 指距离。eg. It is a long way to the school. How far is it from here to your home?(7) 作形式主语。 eg. It