初中八种时态的构成及常用时间状语对照表.docx

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1、初中八种时态构成及常用时间状语对照表时 态谓语动词形式常用时间状语注意事项一般现在时do/doesalways, usually, often, seldom, every, how often,on weekends, once a day, twice a week, three times a year 注意动词单三变化； do/does构成疑问句和否定句。特别注意在when, as soon as引导时间状语从句及if, unless引导条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。叙述真理用一般现在时。一般过去时didyesterday, last, ago, in 2000this morn

2、ing,at that momenta moment ago=just now, in the past规则动词和不规则动词过去式；did构成疑问句和否定句。一般将来时will/shall doam/is/are + going to dotomorrow，next，tonight，in the future, in 2050, this afternoon/evening, in 100 yearsat once/right now/right away/in a minutesoon,before long(不久后), later on(以后)注意位移动词come, go, fly, le

3、ave用现在进行时表示将来情况。现在进行时am/is/are +V-ingLook! Listen! now=at the momentat present (目前) , these days(这些天)掌握-ing形式变化。过去进行时was/were + V-ingat that time, at this time yesterdayat five oclock yesterdaythe whole morning, while, when掌握when, while从句搭配。过去将来时would/should dowas/were + going to +dotwo days later,

4、the next week, the following day及宾语从句中。常用于主句是过去时，叙述动作还没有发生宾语从句中。现在完成时have/has + donejust, ever, never, already, yet, before, recently, so far, once, twice, three/four times, in the past/last few years, in the past 10 years, for a long time, for five years, for a week, since then, since last year, si

5、nce two years ago, since +一般过去时句子 掌握过去分词构成； 掌握及现在完成时连用标志词； have been to及have gone to区别； 短暂性动词在现在完成时中及for, since连用时转换；及一般过去时区别。过去完成时had+ doneby the time, before we came here, by the end of last year以及宾语从句中表示“过去过去”。、 一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性动作，或存在状态，还表示主语具备性格和能力及客观真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She

6、 is at home .(二)构成 主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。(三)句型 1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+谓语+其他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？ What time do you get u

7、p every morning ? Where does your father work ? （三）用法 1、表示经常性或习惯性动作，或存在状态，带及表示频率时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。 The sun rises in th

8、e east .日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光速度比声音速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。 3、根据英文语法规定，当主句谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生动作。 Ill tell him the news when he comes b

9、ack. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting . 4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里目是为了描述现阶段动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生时间、或进行状态。例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽城市。 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长河流之一。 She majors in

10、 music .她主修音乐。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study

11、-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is二、 一般过去时（一）结构 一般过去时用动词过去式表示。基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/ were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行为动词didnt+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was

12、及第一、三人称单数连用，were及第二人称和复数人称主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayedwentvisited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可及任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词前面加didnt，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year

13、 ? He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式 1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主语+wasnt 或werent+其他。 主语+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday . I didnt go to the beach yesterday

14、. 3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？ Did +主语+V原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？ Where were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法 1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生动作或情况，常及明确时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago

15、,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等连用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano . 2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生动作，常及表示频度时间状语连用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street . 3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。 He said he wouldnt go if it rained .（四）动词过去式规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形

16、末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 结尾是字母e 动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin

17、 begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could动词过去式记忆口诀动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单, 主语之后didnt添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生动作或存在状态。There will be an English party next Satur

18、day .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）结构1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，及主语连在一起时，常常缩写为ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为wont 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形结构。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事） He is going

19、 to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。（三）用法 1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生动作或存在状态，常及表示将来时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year）， this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by， soon 等连用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you wont be late next time . 2、当

20、主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B

21、. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_ you

22、_ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be四、过去将来时 表示过去某时以后将要发生动作。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于： A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性动作；C）

23、表示过去情况中“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如： A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们反应是什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。 He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。 B) During that period , he would do morning

24、-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。 C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道

25、我们绝不会允许发生这样事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。 过去将来时基本结构 过去将来时由would, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加动词原形构成, 也可由was/were on the point of加动名词构成。 例句： I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意。 I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。 过去将来时练习题

26、 I. 选择填空 1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come 2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend 3. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming 5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would take6 / 6