非谓语动词用法精讲-doing优秀PPT.pptx

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1、非非 谓谓 语语 动动 词词DOINGDONETODODOINGDONETODO非非谓语动词动名词动名词gerund不定式不定式infinitive分词分词participle非谓语动词非谓语动词1 1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。语以外一切成分。2 2形式形式 不定式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾充当主语

2、、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。语补足语、状语。动名词动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。定语、宾语。分词分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分主语主语定语定语宾语宾语表语表语状语状语宾语补宾语补足语足语不定式不定式 过去过去分词分词 v-ing形式形式 3 3语态：必需搞清逻辑主语语态：必需搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。来确定非谓语动词态的语态。现在分词与动名词现在分词与动名词DOINGDOING A A 动词动词-in

3、g-ing形式的一般式形式的一般式I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.（前）He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.（后）B B 动词动词-ing-ing形式的完成式形式的完成式Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.点津坊点津坊Ireallyregrettedmissingsuchanexcitinglecture.=Ireallyregrettedhavingmissedsuchanexcit

4、inglectureWerememberedseeingthefilm.(=Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.)时时态态C C 动词动词-ing-ing形式的被动形式形式的被动形式Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Icantstandbeingkeptwaiting.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.语态语态 D D 动词动词-ing-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式His not coming made everyone present ve

5、ry disappointed.否定否定 A A 动词动词-ing-ing形式作主语形式作主语句子成分句子成分必背必背动词动词-ing-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。形式作主语的几个常用句型。ItIt s s no good no good talking to him.It is useless It is useless telephoning him.He is not willing to come.Its worth Its worth making an effort.There is no There is no saying when it will stop raining

6、.There is no joking about such matters.句句型型 B B 动词动词-ing-ing形式作表语形式作表语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possibleThe problem is quite puzzling.1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis_(bite)nails（指甲）（指甲）.C C 动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语1 1 能用动词

7、能用动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，只能只能用动词用动词-ing-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语，可用动词可用动词-ing-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语,也也可用不定式作宾语可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词 suggest doing it in a different way.必背必背只接动词只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认承认 appreciate 感谢感谢 avoid 避避开开put off 推迟推迟 keep 保持保持 consider 考虑考虑delay 耽搁耽搁

8、dislike 嫌恶嫌恶 resist抵抵制制mention 提及提及 enjoy 宠爱宠爱 escape 避开避开excuse 宽恕宽恕 practice 练习练习 mind介介意意fancy想不到想不到 feel like 意欲意欲 finish 完成完成risk 冒险冒险 include 包括包括 forgive 宽恕宽恕give up 放弃放弃 suggest 建议建议 miss 逃过逃过 imagine 设想设想 cannot help 不由自主不由自主只能接动词只能接动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的动词形式作宾语的动词 建议冒险去献身，忍受期盼不建议冒险去献身，忍受期盼不停顿；停顿

9、；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；践成；留意宽恕避反对，考虑要求不留意宽恕避反对，考虑要求不自禁；自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值起先想允许习惯不介意，价值起先想动名。动名。1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_(go)away.2.Practise_(put)yourhandtotheground.3.Icanthelp_(have)thetriptoBritain.4.Donttellmeyoualwaysescape_(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.5.Leaveoff_(bite)yournail

10、s!6.Hedidntfeellike_(work),sohesuggested_(spend)thedayinthegarden.7.Youcertainlymustntmiss_(see)thewonderfulfilm.8.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour_(want)_(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed_(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids_(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyall

11、suggested_(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine_(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_(flood).避开重复避开重复go on to dogo on to do 做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事事Having finished the exercises,we went Having finished the exercises,we went on to learn the new words in t

12、he next on to learn the new words in the next unit.unit.go on doinggo on doing 接着做同一件事。接着做同一件事。Though it was raining heavily,they went Though it was raining heavily,they went on workingon working。mean to domean to do 想要做某事想要做某事I didnt mean to hurt you.I didnt mean to hurt you.。mean doingmean doing 意

13、味着要有一个结果意味着要有一个结果Missing the train means waiting for Missing the train means waiting for another hour.another hour.。regret to doregret to do对即将要做的事表示缺憾对即将要做的事表示缺憾I regret to say I must leave tomorrow.I regret to say I must leave tomorrow.regret doingregret doing对所做的事感到懊悔对所做的事感到懊悔I regret not having

14、told her earlier.I regret not having told her earlier.remember to do remember to do 指将来的事，表示指将来的事，表示“不要遗忘不要遗忘”Remember to lock the door when you Remember to lock the door when you leave.leave.remember doing remember doing 讲的是过去的事，表示讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来记起来”I remember posting that letter.I remember posting

15、that letter.forget to do遗忘要做某事She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his service.forget doing遗忘以前曾做过的事Ill never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time.stop to do停止原来做的事，起先做另一件事While working,he stopped to talk with Tom at times.stop doing停止正在做的事When the teacher came into the c

16、lassroom,the pupils stopped talking.try to do设法做某设法做某事事Imusttrytogeteverythingready beforehearrives.try doing试验做某试验做某事事Wouldyoupleasetrydoingthatagain?D D 动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 Weheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.复合宾语复合宾语 E E 动词动词-ing-ing形式作定语形式作定语 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，

17、在意思表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示常常性动作或当时的状态。也可表示常常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries developing countries=countries that are developing=countries that are developing发展中国家发展中国家an ordinary-looking house an ordinary-looking house=a house that looks ordinary=a house tha

18、t looks ordinary看起来很一般的房看起来很一般的房子子a puzzling problem a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles somebody =a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的困扰人的问题问题比较比较a barking dog a barking dog 狂吠的狗狂吠的狗 a disappointing play a disappointing play 令人悲观的戏剧令人悲观的戏剧an astonishing adventurean astonishing adventure惊人的冒险惊

19、人的冒险a sleeping baby a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿熟睡的婴儿 boiling waterboiling water正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水failing sight failing sight 渐渐衰退的视力渐渐衰退的视力 the setting sunthe setting sun落日落日the coming weekthe coming week下一周下一周后置后置 动词动词-ing-ing形式的完成式一般只用来形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。作状语，不作定语。【误】The temple having been destroyed by the ea

20、rthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.F F 动词动词-ing-ing形式作状语形式作状语Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamag

21、e.=Althoughtheyknewallthis.a.a.分词表示的必需是主语的一个动作；分词表示的必需是主语的一个动作；b.b.分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；（或状态）是同时发生的；c.c.分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d.d.大部分放在谓语之后；大部分放在谓语之后；e.e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。号隔开。伴伴随随状状语语2、通常通常3、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必需与句子的主语保持一样（除非独立主

22、格结构）。4、whenwhileifthus动动 词词 -ing-ing 形形 式式 的的 逻逻 辑辑 主主 语语 A A 作主语的动词作主语的动词-ing-ing形式形式 B B 作表语的动词作表语的动词-ing-ing形式形式Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(stayingtoolateeverynight的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是her)C C 作定语的动词作定语的动词-ing-ing形式形式它修饰的它修饰的名词。名词。aninterestingbook=abookthatinterestsitsreadersarunnings

23、tream=astreamthatisrunning假如动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance.(the meeting和实行之间的关系是被动的，所以用being held)D D 作宾语的动词作宾语的动词-ing-ing形式形式比较比较 HeinsistedonHeinsistedondoingithimselfdoingithimself.HeHeinsistedoninsistedonmydoingitmydoingit.WouldWou

24、ldyoumindyoumindopeningthewindowopeningthewindow?WouldWouldyoumindyoumindmyopeningthewindowmyopeningthewindow?E E 作宾语补足语的动词作宾语补足语的动词-ing-ing形式形式它前面的宾语它前面的宾语We often hear her singing this song.We often hear this song(being)sung.F F 作状语的动词作状语的动词-ing-ing形式形式【误】【误】Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedb

25、arking.【正】【正】Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.2如不能和句子中的主语保持一样，该动词如不能和句子中的主语保持一样，该动词-ing形式必形式必需有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担当。需有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担当。Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.Weatherpermitting,thefootballmatchwillbeplayedonFriday.独立主格独立主格独立主格独立主格必背必背 中学阶段有一些固定的动词中学阶段有一些固定的动词-ing-i

26、ng形式短语，形式短语，如如generally speaking,judging from.,generally speaking,judging from.,considering.,talking of.,supposing.considering.,talking of.,supposing.等，等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一样。这种动它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一样。这种动词词-ing-ing短语可当作一个插入语。短语可当作一个插入语。一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感爱好一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感爱好.Generally speaking,boys are more in

27、terested Generally speaking,boys are more interested in science than girls.in science than girls.从他的腔调看，他确定来自加拿大从他的腔调看，他确定来自加拿大.Judging from his accent,he must come from Judging from his accent,he must come from Canada.Canada.2、通常通常3、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必需与句子的主语保持一样（除非独立主格结构）。4、whenwhileifthus分词作状语分词作状语Hav

28、ingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.HavinglivedinBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecitywell.分词作状语分词作状语肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doingnot doing完成式完成式having donenot having done现在分词作状语现在分词作状语肯定形式肯定形式否定形式否定形式一般式一般式being donenot being done完成式完成式having been done not having been done现在分词的语态现在分词的语态