人教版高一英语上第四单元精讲必修1unit4.doc

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1、Unit 4 Earthquakes一、【重点词汇】1 ruinn毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；(不可数名词)废墟；遗迹(常用复数vt&vi(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产The castle has fallen into rain那城堡已破败不堪。An earthquake left the whole town in ruins那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。归纳拓展fall into ruin崩塌 come/go to ruin毁灭，崩溃 lie in ruins成为废墟the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹 bring sb.to ruin使某人破产ruin ones

2、hopes使某人希望破灭 ruin oneself自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉2 shock vt&vi(使)震动，震惊；(使)受电击n打击；震惊；震动C令人震惊的人或事1 was shocked to see him alone我很吃惊地发现他独自一人。I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下。归纳拓展shocked口办震惊的，震撼的 shocking adj令人震惊的 with/from shock由于震惊a shocking accident令人吃惊的事故 be sh

3、ocked at对感到吃惊be shocked to do深感意外地去做特别提示(1)shocked/surprised/amazed等的主语多为人，而shocking/surprising/amazing等的主语多为物。这两种形式的形容词辨析常在高考题中出现。如：They were shocked by her rudeness他们对她的无礼感到震惊。What a shocking waste of time!时间的浪费多么惊人呀!(2)当表示具体的令人震惊的人或事的时候，shock是可数名词，这一点常和冠词一起考查。如：The news of his mothers death was a

4、 terrible shock to him他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊。3 Trapvt(trapped，trapped)使陷入困境；设陷阱捕 n陷阱；困境；捕捉(动物的)夹子The thieves were caught in a police trap窃贼落人警方设的陷阱而被捕。The lift broke down and we were trapped inside(it)电梯出了故障，我们被困在里面了。归纳拓展(1)fall into a trap/be caught in a trap掉人陷阱；落人圈套lay/set a trap(for)安装捕捉机；设陷阱，设圈套 (2)tra

5、p sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。5 judge n法官，审判员；鉴赏家vt审理；鉴定；判断；认为 vt判断；评价常用结构：judge + n.e.g. You cant judge a book by/from its cover.你不能凭封面来评价一本书。 judge + sb. to bee.g. I judged him to be about 50. 我判断他大约50岁。 judge + sb./sth. + a

6、dj./n. e.g. I judged him the oldest. 我判断他年纪最大。 judge + clausee.g. I cant judge which answer is better. 我无法判断哪个答案更好些。judging by/ from 从看,根据判断 （作状语）E.g Judging by his accent, he must be from the U.S.A.从他口音判断，他一定来自美国。特别提示judging from/by置于句首作状语，v-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有： generally speaking一般来说 frank

7、ly speaking坦白地说 considering考虑到归纳拓展judgement n审判，判决；判断力；意见，看法，评价 judge sb./sth.from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong判断是非 as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为judging by/from从上看；根据判断 dont judge a book by its cover勿以貌取人；勿只凭外表判断6 congratulationn祝贺，庆贺；贺词(复数)I show the congratulation to Mrs Jones because her

8、son won in the high jump match我向琼斯夫人表示祝贺，因为她的儿子在跳高比赛中获胜了。Congratulations on winning the football game祝贺赢得这场足球赛。归纳拓展congratulations(to sb)on/upon(doing)sth祝贺(某人)在某方面取得成就offer/send sbs congratulations to sb向某人致以祝贺congratulate yt恭喜，向表示祝贺congratulate sb on(doing)sth就某事向某人表示祝贺7 honourvt.尊敬；给以荣誉（鼓励、头衔、称号）

9、（1）honour sb.(with sth.) 给予某人荣誉，使某人感到荣幸The president honoured us with a visit总统光临，十分荣幸（2） be/feel honoured (to do sth.) 对-感到荣幸。I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.他在讲话中提到了我，真是荣幸。归纳拓展honour U尊敬，敬意，荣誉；C引以为荣的人或事物（与to搭配）do sb. an/ the honour(of doing sth.) （通过做某事）使某人增光，给某人带来荣誉give/ show

10、honour to sb. 尊敬，敬重-have the honour to do sth./ of doing sth .荣幸地做某事in honour of sb./ sth.= in ones honour 为了纪念-； 为向-表示敬意；祝贺-；8 burst vt.& vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发 突然哭起来/笑起来(1)burst in/into闯入，突然破门而入(2)burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支(3)burst into sth./ burst out doing sth. 突然.起

11、来e.g. She burst into tears/ laughter. = She burst out crying/ laughing.He couldnt help bursting into tears when he heard the bad news.当他听到这个坏消息时情不自禁泪流满面。We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。8 bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并掩埋死者。归纳总结(1)bury.in.把埋到

12、里 be buried alive被活埋(2) 埋头于；专心于(3)bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。Since she left，hes buried himself in his work.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。9 well n. 井 adv. 好；充分地 e.g. think well 充分思考 Learn it well. 好好地学。adj. 健康的 You dont look well. 你看上去气色不太好。int. 好啦；好吧v

13、i./vt. 涌出；涌上 Tears welled up in her eyes. 泪水涌上她的双眼。二、【重点词组】1 right away 立刻，马上 (= immediately / at once / right now / in no time ) 你必须马上交作业。 You must hand in your homework right away.2 million n. 百万 具体数字 + million (单) + n. .百万 (确数) millions of + n. 大量，无数，好几百万 (概数) (用法同billion, hundred, thousand等) 3百万

14、美元 3 million dollars 好几百万美元 millions of dollars3 as if 仿佛；好像 = as though (引导表语、状语从句) (1) + 陈述语气 (从句可能性大)It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 (2) + 虚拟语气 (从句内容非真实的)She treats me as if I were her sister.她待我就像我是她姐妹一样。He turned around as if he hadnt seen me. 他转过身，好像没看见我。4 at an end 结束；终结 (= fin

15、ished ; over)e.g. The war was at an end. 战争结束了。相关短语： in the end 终于；最后 at the end of 在的尽头by the end of 到底（末）为止 come to an end 结束 （物作主语, 不及物）put an end to sth. 终止 （人作主语, 及物） e.g. The meeting came to an end. 会议结束了。 The chairman put an end to the meeting. 主席结束了会议。5 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；落空e.g. The ear

16、thquake left the city of Tangshan in ruins.地震使得唐山这座城市成了一片废墟。His career/plan is in ruins. 他的事业尽毁。/ 他的计划落空。6 dig out (dig-dug-dug; digging) 找出，挖出，掘出，发现dig out the truth 找出真相dig sth./ sb. out (of ) （从中）掘出；挖出他不得不从雪里把车挖出来。 He had to dig his car out of the snow.二、【重点句子】1 But the one million people of the

17、city, who thought little of these events, were asleep asusual that night. (Reading) think little/poorly/badly/ill of sb./sth. 对某人/物评价不高、不好、不看重 think a lot/ highly/well of sb./sth. 对某人/物评价很高、很好、很看重 e.g. 他不看重钱。 He thinks little of money. 读者们对她的书评价很高。 The readers think highly of her book. 被动：Her book i

18、s highly thought of by the readers.2 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。 (Reading)分数的表达法，分子用基数词(one, two, ), 分母用序数词(first, second, ), 当分子大于1时，分母的序数词要用复数形式，如, 1/5为one-fifth, 4/5为four-fifths。“当分数/百分数of 名词/代词”作主语时，谓语的单复数由of 后的名词/代词决定。e.g. About three-fifths of

19、 the earths surface is covered with water. (be)Ten percent of the students are from China. (be)3 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. (Reading) lie (1)说谎 (lied, lied) (2)位于，在于 (3)躺着 (4)处于某种状态 (lay, lain) lie “出于某种状态” + adj. / 介词短语 e.g. 战争过后，这村庄成了一片废墟。 The village lay in ruins after

20、 the war. 书打开在桌子上。 The book lay open on the table.Lie lay lain ： 规则的说谎lie-lied-lied,不规则的躺lie-lay-lain,躺过就下蛋lay,下蛋不规则lay-laid-laid4 All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。到处好像很安静。all, both, each, every等词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都, 不全是”的意思。no, none, never等词用于全部否定。e.g. All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不都是金子。All

21、 the students didnt pass the exam. =Not all the students passed the exam. 不是所有学生都通过考试。(有的学生通过了考试，有的没有通过。)None of the students passed the exam. 没有一个学生通过考试。 知识练习1单词拼写（根据句意及所给首字母或汉语提示写出下列单词）1. The thief is _ (颤抖) with fear when he is being questioned by the policeman.2. The soldiers are trying to help

22、rescue the _ (幸存者) after the earthquake.3.Two thirds of the people died or _(受伤) in the earthquake.4. Life would be very difficult without _(电) .5.The whole city lay in _ (废墟) after the earthquake.6. The soldiers built s_ for those homeless people.7. Every year naturals d_ can cause heavy loss to th

23、e world.8. Most of the buildings were completely d _in the earthquake.9. Its a great h_ for the scientist to give a speech to the students.10. As we all know, Italy is a _ (欧洲)country.2用所给动词和短语的正确形式填空wake up in ruins destroy rescue give out prepare put up honour be proud of organize 1. A terrible ea

24、rthquake hit the city and in a few seconds the whole city lay _ _.2. A group of doctors and nurses _ to the flooded area to help those in trouble.3. The newly-built house was completely _ by the big fire.4. The policeman tried his best to _the boy who fell into the river.5. The whole class _ the boy

25、 student who won the first prize in the English Contest.6. The children were busy _ a tent and it would be completed before dark.7. So far all the students have been well _ for the coming examination.8. The monument (纪念碑) was set up to _ those who died in the terrible disaster.9. The monitor helped

26、the teacher _ the graded test papers.10. The terrible shaking of the building _ all the people who were sleeping.3单项填空从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。1(2019遵化市期中)The 12 million people in Mexico City woke up on September 19th, 1985, to find their city _after the terrible quake.Ain trouble Bon purposeCout

27、of work Din ruins2(2019北京市期末)I know the writer _ story won a prize for the most imagination.Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat3(2019北京市期末)Its good to see you again.Yes. I keep all the letters _ you wrote to me over the years.Awho BthatCwhen Dwhere4(2019龙岩市高一质检)On December 10,2019，many worlds top leaders went

28、 to Johannesburg _ Nelson Mandela, who had passed away.Ain honor of Bin favor ofCin search of Din return of5(2019武威市第六中学模块检测)_ is known to us, the 16th Asian Games will be held in Guangzhou, China in November, 2019.AAs BItCWhich DWhat6(2019广西桂林中学期中)_ the number of cars, only _small number of people

29、have attended the meeting.AJudging from; a BJudged from; a CJudging from; the DJudged from; the7(2019贵州省重点中学高一期中)Smoking is bad for your health.Yes, I know. But I simply cant _.Agive it up Bgive it inCgive it out Dgive it away8.(20192019海南嘉积中学高一上期中)It seems _ our team is going to win.Aeven though Bw

30、henCif Das if 9(2019三亚市第一中学期末)The number of smokers in China _increased in recent years, and a number of them _ the youth. Ahas; are Bhave; areCis; is Dare; are10(2019淮安市涟水中学段测)We were about to go out for a walk _ it began to rain.Awhile BbeforeCas Dwhen 11(2019南昌市四校联考)One minute she burst into _， a

31、nd the next she burst out _. We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment.Acrying; laughter Btears; laughingCtears; laughter Dcrying; laughing12. (2019天津一中高一期中)_ of the water in this cup _ splashed onto the floor.AThree quarters; is BThree fourth; isCThree fourths; are DThree quarters; are13(2019邯郸市

32、高一期末)Have you ever seen the TV programme Dad, Where Are We Going?Yes. Its the best programme _ I have seen in the past few months.Awhich BwhereCwhen Dthat14(2019江西赣州市十二县重点中学期中)It was in the garden of the old house _ he bought last year _he dug up a pot of gold.Awhich; which Bthat; whichCwhat; that D

33、that; that15(2019广西桂林中学期中)My wife came first in the Chinese speech contest.Did she？_！ACheer up BGood luckCBest wishes DCongratulations16. Though he failed many times in election, he never lost _ heart and at last he was elected _ president of the USA.A. the; a B. a; theC. his; the D. /;/17. I have d

34、one much of the work. Could you please finish_ in two days?A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others18. _ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if19-What would you do if it_ tomorrow?-We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready.A rain B rains C will rain D is raining20All of us insisted _ out the plan at once.A. to carryB. to carryingC. on carryingD. carrying第 16 页