《保险精算》之洞葱漫--利息理论.ppt
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1、保险精算之洞葱漫-利息理论 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望第二章 利息理论2Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.利息的基本理论利息是借入资本需要支付的使用价值或 出让资本使用权得到的报酬:在经济活动中,资金的周转使用会带来价值的增值。资金周转使用时间越长,实现的
2、价值增值就越大。同时,由于受通货膨胀的影响,等额的货币在不同时间上的实际价值也不同。利息的计算与累积函数的形式、利息的计算次数、投资时期长短等有关3Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、累积函数总额函数:累积函数是单位本金的累计额,以 表示。其中,。4Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.
3、Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.累积函数a(t)通常为t的连续函数,在坐标平面上表现为通过(0,1)点的曲线,如图2-1和图2-2所示a(t)为增函数时才能保证总额函数的递增性和存在正的利息。有时,当利息定期结算时,也表现为不连续的阶梯函数,在定期内,为常数,定期结算后,上一个台阶,如图2-3所示。5a(t)01ta(t)01ta(t)01t 图2-1 图2-2 图2-3Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2
4、011 Aspose Pty Ltd.利息率利息率l1年内1单位本金的利息就是实际年利息率 以 表示第n个基本计息时间单位的实际利率 6Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.单利和复利单利单利:只在本金上生息设第t年实际利率it,1年末的累积额为:第2年末的累积额为:当各年利率均为i时,有7Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Clien
5、t Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.单利和复利复利复利:在本金和利息上生息设第t年实际利率it,1年末的累积额为:第2年末的累积额为:当各年利率均为i时,有8Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.单利与复利的区别:利息可以按年结算,也可以按半年、季度和月结算。在单利下,计息单位不影响利息额;在复利下,年利使率不变,但结算的时间单位不同,也会
6、使实际利息值不同。9Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现值和贴现率10Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现值和贴现率在复利下,11Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides
7、for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.例例2.12.1:某人某人19971997年年1 1月月1 1日借款日借款10001000元,假设借款年利息率为元,假设借款年利息率为5%5%,试分别以单利和,试分别以单利和复利计算:复利计算:(1 1)如果)如果19991999年年1 1月月1 1日还款,需要的还款总额为多少?日还款,需要的还款总额为多少?(2)(2)如果如果19971997年年5 5月月2020日还款,需要的还款总额为多少?日还款,需要的还款总额为多少?(3)(3)借款多长时间后需要还
8、款借款多长时间后需要还款12001200元?元?12Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.例例2.2 2.2:以以1000010000元本金进行元本金进行5 5年投资,前年投资,前2 2年的利率为年的利率为5%5%,后,后3 3年的年的利率为利率为6%6%,以单利和复利分别计算,以单利和复利分别计算5 5年后的累积资金。年后的累积资金。13Evaluation only.Created with Aspose
9、.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现值和贴现率在单利下,14Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现值和贴现率贴现率:单位货币在单位时间内的贴现额,单位时间以年度衡量时,成为实际贴现率。d表示一年的贴现率:dn表示第n年贴现率:15Evaluation only.Created with
10、Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现值和贴现率16可见,diEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现值和贴现率17Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copy
11、right 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现值和贴现率18Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.19Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.20Evaluation only.Created with As
12、pose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.名义利率与名义贴现率名义利率:一年结算多次的规定的年利率。以 表示,m表示结算次数,21Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.名义利率与名义贴现率名义贴现率:一年结算多次的规定的年贴现率。以 表示,m表示结算次数,22Evaluation only
13、.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.23Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.24Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyrig
14、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.25Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.利息力利息力:衡量确切时点上利率水平的指标。定义利息力为,26故,Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.27Evaluatio
15、n only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2830000300002000020000X X5000050000利息问题实践:Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.296000600
16、0X X-12000-120001995 1997 2001 20041995 1997 2001 200480008000Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.304000400060006000X X500050001996 2000 2002 20031996 2000 2002 2003Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Cli
17、ent Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.312000200060006000X X20002000199819981995199571007100Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.年金年金:是收付款的一种方式,每隔一个相等的时间间隔的一系列固定数额的收付款方式。例如:购房时的按揭付款方式;退休购买养老金 期首付年金期末付年金32Eval
18、uation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.期首付年金现值33=Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.期末付年金现值34=Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Cli
19、ent Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.期首付年金终值35对于n年定期、每年1元、期首付的年金在n年末的终值为:Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.期末付年金终值36对于n年定期、每年1元、期末付的年金在n年末的终值为:Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Clien
20、t Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.等额确定年金的终值和现值37n年定期的每年1单位元期首付年金、期末付年金的现值和终值间关系图 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一年多次收付的年金 对于n 年定期,每年收付m次,每次1/m元的期首付年金现值,以 表示,38Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slid
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- 保险精算 保险 精算 洞葱漫 利息 理论
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