[精品]土木工程结构抗风设计.ppt

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1、土木工程结构抗风设计土木工程结构抗风设计吴吴 瑾瑾 陈少林陈少林课程内容课程内容风工程基本知识风工程基本知识 风的特性风的特性 结构上的静力风结构上的静力风 结构上的脉动风结构上的脉动风 结构抗风设计结构抗风设计 结构的风振响应结构的风振响应(高层、屋盖、桥梁）高层、屋盖、桥梁）结构风振控制结构风振控制 第一章第一章 绪论绪论 11 土木工程结构风灾土木工程结构风灾 国内外统计资料表明，在所有自然灾害中，国内外统计资料表明，在所有自然灾害中，风灾造成的损失为各种灾害之首。例如风灾造成的损失为各种灾害之首。例如1999年，年，全球发土严重自然灾害共造成全球发土严重自然灾害共造成800亿美元的经亿

2、美元的经济损失，其中，在被保险的损失中，济损失，其中，在被保险的损失中，飓风造成的损失占飓风造成的损失占70。2003年08月03日雷暴雨中突如其来的旋风，把上海大剧院的屋顶掀去了一大块 广告牌轰然倒地 加油站屋盖破坏加油站屋盖破坏体台场主看台屋盖覆面结构损坏 塔科马悬索桥的扭转振动塔科马悬索桥的扭转振动 1.2 1.2 风的特性风的特性 风可以有风可以有定的倾角，它相对于水平定的倾角，它相对于水平般可般可在在+10到到-10内变化。内变化。不同的季节和时日，可以有不同的风向不同的季节和时日，可以有不同的风向随机性随机性 风与结构的耦合风与结构的耦合实测风速时程曲线实测风速时程曲线风强度的表示

3、方法风强度的表示方法(1)蒲福风速表蒲福风速表 英国人蒲福英国人蒲福(FBeaufort)于于 l 805年拟定了风级，年拟定了风级，根据风对地面根据风对地面(或海面或海面)物体影响程度而定出的，物体影响程度而定出的，称为蒲氏风级。称为蒲氏风级。自自0至至17共分共分18个等级个等级 台风台风热带气旋热带气旋最大平均风力最大平均风力12级或以上级或以上(2)福基达龙卷风风力等级表福基达龙卷风风力等级表 龙卷风龙卷风范围小而时间短的强烈旋风，范围小而时间短的强烈旋风，切向速度达切向速度达100m/s。美国芝加哥大学福基达美国芝加哥大学福基达(TTFujita)教教授曾于授曾于1970年提出龙卷风

4、按最大风速划分为年提出龙卷风按最大风速划分为7个等级个等级.规范中未考虑。规范中未考虑。风速风压关系风速风压关系 对工程结构设计计算来说，风力作用的大小直对工程结构设计计算来说，风力作用的大小直接以风压来表示。接以风压来表示。1.3 风对结构物的作用风对结构物的作用 一、风作用的类型一、风作用的类型 (1)(1)顺风向力顺风向力由与风向一致的风力作用由与风向一致的风力作用 (2)(2)横风向力横风向力结构物背后的旋涡引起结构物的结构物背后的旋涡引起结构物的横风向横风向(与风向垂直与风向垂直)力力 (3)(3)风力扭矩风力扭矩由横风向力、顺风向力引起由横风向力、顺风向力引起二、风作用效应二、风作

5、用效应(1)(1)使结构物或结构构件受到过大的风力或不稳定；使结构物或结构构件受到过大的风力或不稳定；(2)(2)使结构物或结构构件产生过大的挠度或变形，引起外墙、使结构物或结构构件产生过大的挠度或变形，引起外墙、外装修材料的损坏；外装修材料的损坏；(3)(3)由反复的风振动作用，引起结构或结构构件的疲劳损坏；由反复的风振动作用，引起结构或结构构件的疲劳损坏；(4)(4)气动弹性的不稳定，致使结构物在风运动中产生加剧的气气动弹性的不稳定，致使结构物在风运动中产生加剧的气动力；动力；(5)(5)由于过大的动态运动，使建筑物的居住者或有关人员产生由于过大的动态运动，使建筑物的居住者或有关人员产生不

6、舒适感。不舒适感。三、效应分析方法三、效应分析方法顺风向平均风顺风向平均风静力计算静力计算顺风向脉动风顺风向脉动风随机振动理论计算随机振动理论计算横风向周期性风横风向周期性风按确定性荷载进行按确定性荷载进行动力计算动力计算四、抗风设计要求四、抗风设计要求强度设计要求强度设计要求刚度设计要求刚度设计要求舒适度设计要求舒适度设计要求局部构件的合理设计局部构件的合理设计外墙、玻璃、女儿墙等外墙、玻璃、女儿墙等疲劳设计要求疲劳设计要求高周疲劳高周疲劳表表1-1 高层建筑顶部水平位移与结构高之比高层建筑顶部水平位移与结构高之比/H/H结构类型钢筋混凝土结构钢结构框架轻质隔墙1/5001/4001/800

7、砌体填充墙1/650框架剪力墙一般装修标准1/800较高装修标准1/900筒体及筒中筒一般装修标准1/900较高装修标准1/1000剪力墙一般装修标准1/1000较高装修标准1/1200框架轻质隔墙1/4501/4001/600砌体填充墙1/500框架剪力墙一般装修标准1/700较高装修标准1/800筒体及筒中筒一般装修标准1/800较高装修标准1/900剪力墙一般装修标准1/900较高装修标准1/1100表表1-2 1-2 人体振动舒适度控制界限人体振动舒适度控制界限程度使人烦恼非常烦恼无法忍受界限a15gal50gal150gal注：其中 1gal=1/100m/s2mVjSgOdL9I6

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19、YmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkSkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeM

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22、OcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9IjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdM

23、aJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*

24、u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRf

25、NcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C

26、0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnV

27、kShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5

28、D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaIjSgOdLaI6F3C

29、0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnV

30、kSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5

31、D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s

32、#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdL

33、aI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*

34、t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWl

35、TiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E

36、3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!

37、qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNb

38、J8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v

39、%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjR

40、gOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B