英语学习名词性从句讲解.ppt

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1、英英语学学习名名词性从性从句句讲解解在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句这个句子就叫名词性从句。子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)引导词：主要有主要有that，which，when，w

2、here，who(m),whose，how，why，if whether 等等宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即即“主句连词宾语从句（主语主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语谓语）”句式。句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，ho

3、w many，how much等。如：The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见

4、的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in？你知道他在哪个班吗？用合适的连接词填空用合适的连接词填空1.WangHaitoldme_hedidntgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Canyoutellme_elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_itwouldntmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks_hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Irea

5、llydontknow_thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）whywhothathowhow soon宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里.I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由think,believe,think,believe,imagine,supposeimagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。中的否定形式转移

6、到主句中去。我认为他不会对我撒谎的我认为他不会对我撒谎的.I dont think he will lie to me.我认为我们不应该借钱给他我认为我们不应该借钱给他.I dont think we should lend him money.宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语 We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足

7、语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。thatthat不能省不能省.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，

8、选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。1.Couldyoutellmeifit_tomorrow?A.rainsB.israining2.C.willrainD.rain3.2.Theteac

9、hertoldhisstudentsthesun_4.intheeast.A.riseB.rises5.C.roseD.risen3.Peterknew_.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis 4.Couldyoutellme_?A.whereisthenearestrailwaystationB.wherethenearestrailwaystationwasC.wherethenearestr

10、ailwaystationisD.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation5.Ireallydontknowifshe_itwhenshe_.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives6.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做表语从句。叫做表语

11、从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示注意：表语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whether”“whether”而不用而不用“if”“if”It appears that they are in need of help.It happened that he ha

12、d no money on him.It seems that he doesnt like living here.It turned out that two people had been killed in the accident.1.Thathouseis_thegardentoolsarestored.2.ThereasonIdontwanttogothereis_Ivejustgotanewjobhere.3.Thatwas_theyhadmadethemistake.4.Everythingintheroomis_itwastenyearsago.5.ThedreamJack

13、hasinmindis_hewillbecomeascientistinthefuture.wherethathowwhatthat6.Whatwecareaboutis_itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.7.Thatwas_theydidntpaymuchattentiontotheteacherinclass.8.Myopinionis_everyoneofustakesout$5forJanesbirthdaypresent.9.Theproblemis_wecanbeallowedtostayoutatsuchalatehour.10.Herexplanationis_

14、sheusedtoliveinthecountryandsheknowsitbetterthanus.whetherwhythatwhetherthat在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。hewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.That主语从句主语从句WhetherWhathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotb

15、eenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.Exercise 11._shesaidpuzzledhim.2._shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim.3._weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed.4._theydontwanttodroptheplanisclear.5._hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion.6._itisgoingtosnowthi

16、seveningisnotcertain.WhatWhy Whom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise 21._(她离开他她离开他)cuthimtothecut.2._(月球上没有生命月球上没有生命)isknowntoall.3._(我在会议上说的我在会议上说的)mustbekeptsecret.4._(是否这件事是真的是否这件事是真的)remainsaquestion.5._(我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会)istobediscussed.Thatshelefthim Thatthereisnolifeonthemoon WhatIsaidatthemeetingWheth

17、eritistrueWhenwewillhavethemeetingThathecantattendthepartyisapity.Itisapitythathecantattendtheparty.Howmuchmoneyisneededishardtosay.Itishardtosayhowmuchmoneyisneeded.it 做形式主语的主语从句做形式主语的主语从句Exercise 31.Itisawonder_youwerentinjured.2.Itisstillunknown_and_thistookplace.3.Itmakesnodifferencetome_heisric

18、horpoor.4.Itisnotyetdecided_istotakeherplaceassecretary.5.Itissaid_thisplazahas15cinemas.6.Itdoesntmatter_youaregoingtodoit.thatwhenwherewhetherwhothatwhetherExercise 41.你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。2.他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？3.据说我们清明节要放三天假。据说我们清明节要放三天假。4.4.他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。

19、他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。Itisapitythatyoumissedthenewmovieyesterday.Isittruethattheyaregoingtosetupanewhospitalhere?ItissaidthatwelltakethreedaysoffonTombSweepingDay.Itisntimportanttomewhetherhecanmakealotofmoney.同位语从句同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,sug

20、gestion,belief,truth等含有丰等含有丰富内涵的抽象的词语后面，富内涵的抽象的词语后面，用来说明前面那用来说明前面那个词的具体内容个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都。一般说来，同位语从句都用用that来作连接词，而且不能省略来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用。也可用how,when,where等。等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that

21、 he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的同位语从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。2.2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)Tell the difference1.The news

22、that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句表语从句表语从句3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlea

23、rnsomethingpractical.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句表语从句表语从句Thesuggestion _isworthconsidering.学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalDadmadeapromise_thathewouldbuy_meCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.爸爸承诺如果我通过英语考试就会给我买爸爸承诺如果我通过英语考试就会给我买 一个一个CD机。机。1.The question is _the film

24、is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;

25、how C.That;why D.What;because5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soonCDCABDB单项填空单项填空谢谢大家！