化合物命名ppt.ppt

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1、 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 化合物命名ppt Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 常见无机化合物名称常见无机化合物名称一、元素一、元素fluorinechlorinebromineiodineoxygenhydrogennitrogencarbonsiliconsu

2、lfurphosphorussodiumpotassiumcalciummagnesium aluminummanganesezincironcopperleadcobaltnickelmercurycadmiumarsenicuraniumradium 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 二、二元化合物二、二元化合物词尾词尾ide化物化物chlorinechloridehydrogen chlorideoxygenoxidezinc oxidefluorinefluoridehydrogen fluoridesulfur

3、sulfidesodium sulfideiodineiodidepotassium iodide三、无氧酸（水溶液呈酸性的二元化合物）三、无氧酸（水溶液呈酸性的二元化合物）hydrochloric acidhydrofluoric acidhydrobromic acid 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 四、含氧酸及其盐四、含氧酸及其盐nitrogennitric acidnitratesulfursulfuric acidsulfatephosphorusphosphoric acidphosphateChlori

4、nechloric acidchlorate词尾：词尾：(o)ic acid 酸酸ate 由词尾为由词尾为ic的酸所成的盐类或酯类的酸所成的盐类或酯类ide 化物化物五、氢氧化物五、氢氧化物sodium hydroxidealuminum hydroxide 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology PracticePut the followings into Chinese:chromiumplatinumtitaniumsodium calciumpotassiumaluminummercurypalladiumleadc

5、opperfluorinesiliconchlorinesulfurphosphorus cobaltnitrogenammonium chloridesilver nitratehydrochloric acid magnesium hydroxidecalcium carbidehydrogen peroxidecarbon dioxidephosphorus pentoxidesodium hydroxidesodium carbonatenitric acidsulfuric acid 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technol

6、ogy 常用数目词头常用数目词头 1 mono-11 undaca-21 henicosa-2 di-12 dodeca-22 docosa-3 tri-13 trideca-23 tricosa-4 tetra-14 tetradeca-30 triconta-5 penta-15 petadeca-31 hentriaconta-6 hexa-16 hexadeca-40 tetraconta-7 hepta-17 heptadeca-50 petaconta-8 octa-18 octadeca-60 hexaconta-9 nona-19 nonadeca-70 heptaconta-

7、10 deca-20 eicosa-100 hecta-華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 有机化合物构词有机化合物构词一、分类名称及其词尾一、分类名称及其词尾alkanes-anemethane alkenes-eneethylene alkynes-ynepropynebenzenes-benzenemethylbenzenealcohols-olbutanol ethers-etherdimethyl etheraldehydes-almethanalketones-onepropanoneacids-(o)ic a

8、cidethanoic acideaters-atemethyl ethanoateanhydrides -ic anhydride maleic anhydrideamines-amineethanolamine 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 二、有机基团二、有机基团alkyl烷基烷基aryl芳基芳基hydroxyl 羟基羟基carboxyl羧基羧基carbonyl 羰基羰基vinyl乙烯基乙烯基acetyl乙酰基乙酰基phenyl苯基苯基amino氨基氨基sulfo磺基磺基nitro硝基硝基chloro氯代氯代f

9、luoro氟代氟代thio硫代硫代-yl 基基 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 链烃名称链烃名称alkanealkenealkynemethylmethaneethylethaneetheneethynepropylpropanepropenepropynebutylbutanebutenebutynepentylpentanepentenehexylhexanehexeneheptylheptaneoctyloctanenonylnonanedecyldecanedodecyl 華東理工大學East China Un

10、iversity of Science and Technology IUPAC Name and Common NameIUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry国际理论与应用化学联合会国际理论与应用化学联合会Despite the existence of the IUPAC system,a great many well-established common or trivial names are used and,because of their brevity and convenience,will doubt

11、less continue to be used.華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology IUPAC NameCommon Namealkaneparaffincycloalkane cycloparaffincycloalkane naphthenealkeneolefinalkyne acetyleneetheneethylenepropenepropylenemethylbenzenetoluenedimethylbenzenexylenephenylethenestyrene 華東理工大學East China Univ

12、ersity of Science and Technology IUPAC NameCommon Namemethanolmethyl alcoholethanolethyl alcohol2-methyl-1-propanolisobutyl alcoholmethanalformaldehydeethanalacetaldehyde propanoneacetonemethanoic acidformic acidethanoic acidacetic acidoctadecanoic acidstearic acidamino ethaneethylamine 華東理工大學East C

13、hina University of Science and Technology 其它常用构词其它常用构词n-正构的正构的 n-butaneiso-异，同异，同 iso-butanecycl(o)-环（合）环（合）cyclohexaneo-，ortho-邻（位）邻（位）o-xylenep-，para-对（位）对（位）p-xylenem-，meta-间（位）间（位）m-xyleneper-过，高过，高 peroxidecis-顺（式）顺（式）cis-butenedioic acidtrans-反（式）反（式）trans-butenedioic acid 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology THANK YOU!