首字母填空技巧整理(共17页).docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上首字母填空技巧整理整体思路: 首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市中考题经常采用的题型之一,这种题难度相对较大,考生失分现象很严重。主观型首字母填空也称为限制型完形填空。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母,它既作为提示又作为限制,让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整,使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下,采用先易后难,再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息,既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑,最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。给首字母填空类短文的阅读题属于能力测试的范畴,它考查的范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其它学科。它要求
2、考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范,符合短文需要。下面就讲一讲做这类题的方法与技巧:1. 通读短文知大意,看整体全面了解与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样,首先要通读短文,了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过。因此,在解题之前通读一遍短文,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头(一般不设空)和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,
3、帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题,有时出现约 3%5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义。 3. 反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲技巧再次通读短文,对留空的句子进行全面的分析,看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语或句子,还要结合所给首字母的提示,进行填写,并注意单词的正确形式。4. 认真复查全文,把握整体和词形做完以后,再认
4、真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误。从实际中看,很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词,但是,问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。比如填 q ,要求填写 quickly ,而多数考生只知道填写 quick ,忽略了词性问题。因此,深思熟虑很重要。通过以上对首字母填空类型题的讲解,同学们一定对这类题型有了更多的了解,掌握了此类题的考点和做题的技巧后,给同学们准备了以下的练习题,请同学们及时巩固学习内容。 例1:Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短
5、文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给)A:Hi,how are you?B:Fine,thanks. Yesterday morning I saw your father in the street, I went up to takl to him, but he said he didnt know me. I was confused.A: It c_(1)_ be him! My father was at home studying English at that time.B: Oh, sorry! I must have made a mistake
6、. But why is your father studying English now?A: He wants to i_(2)_ his English. Last month he went to New York, U.S.A. He couldnt go anywhere alone because he didnt understand people there. Once he was almost l_(3)_. And when he felt h_(4)_, he even didnt know i_(5)_ theres a good place to eat.B: W
7、hat a pity! He should have studied English really hard if he often goes to English-speaking countries.A: Youre right. Now he is studying English b_(6)_ listening to tapes.B: Good. By the way, are you free tonight? How about having dinner and then see the latest 3D m_(7)_?A: OK, thats great! See you
8、later.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Key:1. cant(couldnt) 2. improve 3. lost 4. hungry 5. if 6. by 7. movie首字母填空小技巧:揣测句意(结合语境)(1)It c_(1)_ be him! My father was at home studying English at that time.在上篇完型中我们讲到了符号的重要性,此处各位注意找一下,关键符号“!”,我们知道感叹号可以表示惊讶、非常肯定等,我们在把视线移到后半句,我的爸爸那个时候正在家里学习英语,结合两者,我们可以确定“那
9、不可能是他”,应该用cant来表示不可能(2)He wants to i_(2)_ his English. Last month he went to New York, U.S.A. He couldnt go anywhere alone because he didnt understand people there. 所谓有因必有果,如果读完以上三句句子,我们不难发现后面两句是第一句的因,从后两句来看,上个月他去了美国纽约(去干吗呢?)。他不能单独地去任何地方因为他不能理解那里的人。(其实就是语言不通)由此可见,他想要的是提升自己的英语水平,want to后要跟动词原形,故用impr
10、ove(3)、(4)、(5)需要结合起来来看,Once he was almost l_(3)_. And when he felt h_(4)_, he even didnt know i_(5)_ theres a good place to eat.首先我们要知道Once是什么意思,这里的once解释为曾经,然后我们又可以发现在后半句开头有个And,前后句子之间存在着并列关系,他曾经几乎_。并且当他感到_,他甚至不知道_有好的吃饭的地方。关键的地方在于“eat”这个动词,关于吃,那肯定是感到饿了,(3)应该填hungry,(5)这个词根据前后判断应该是连词,i开头的连词,我们初中就学到的
11、一个,那就是if,犹未注意这里的if是表示是否的意思。后半句语意完整了,那我们就通过揣测后半句来推前半句,后半句的句意为并且当他感到饥饿的时候,他设置不知道是否有好的吃饭的地方。用and并列两个相同的情况,除了饥饿之外,那就是迷路了,所以要用到词组be lost,(3)处应该填lost(6)Now he is studying English b_(6)_ listening to tapes.(6)前后的关系,我们知道现在他正在学习英语通过听磁带的方式。(7)By the way, are you free tonight? How about having dinner and then
12、see the latest 3D m_(7)_? 现在最流行的就是3D电影了,所以出现了3D,那后面又是以m字母开头,显然应该填movie,此处应该用单数,因为前面有最高级例2:Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给) Dreams may be more important than sleep. Some people dont need much sleep. H_(1)_, we all need to dream according t
13、o the scientists. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams e_(2)_ night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are l_(3)_ old films. They come to us over and again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dre
14、aming may be a w_(4)_ of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They could have been t_(5)_ about their work all day. Then these things go into their dreams. Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we cant remember the dream. Dreams
15、 can d_(6)_ quickly from memory.Too much dreaming isnt good. The m_(7)_ we sleep, the longer we dream. Our mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Key:1. However 2. every 3. like 4. way 5. thinking 6. disappea
16、r 7. more 首字母填空小技巧:判断词性与句子成分 (1)通过这个空格,大家很容易判断在逗号前常出现的就是转折副词However然而,我们在将结合上下句意思进行检验,一些人不需要太多的睡眠。然而,根据科学家所说,我们都需要做梦。前后句子的关系是转折关系。 (2)从句子成分而言,e_ night在句子中做时间状语,从词性来讲,night是跟名词,前应用形容词来修饰,所以此处应该填的是every (3)Some dreams are l_(3)_ old films.在句子成分中,此处要不做的是状语,要不做的就是表语,若做表语(3)处填的就应该是一个形容词或者名词,但是从整句句意来看,(3)
17、应该填的是介词,在整句句子中作状语,表示的意思为一些梦就像是老电影 (4)a冠词后面往往跟的是名词短语,而在(4)有介词of,所以(4)填的是一个名词,结合整句句子来看,做梦也许是尝试找到一个答案的方法 (5)have been t_,这个结构中很容易看出是一个时态的结构,在be动词后如果跟现在分词表示进行,如果be动词后跟过去分词,则表示被动,从此处来看不存在被动关系,所以此处应该用现在分词thinking,整句话的意思为他们却不能一整天在谈论他们的工作 (6)Dreams can d_(6)_ quickly from memory. 在can情态动词之后应该跟动词原形,所以(6)应该填的
18、是一个动词,从整句话中可以看出,梦能够从记忆中快速消失,所以用disappear (7)The m_(7)_ we sleep, the longer we dream. 此句中用了一个the+比较级,the+比较级的结构,从后一句来看longer是副词的比较级,所以前者应该也用副词的比较级,整句句意表示为我们睡的越多,我们做梦的时间就越长,所以此处填more 例3:Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给) Should children stop
19、 playing computer games or not? Thats always a hot topic. Computer games may h_(1)_ you learn how to use computers skillfully. And they are more f_(2)_ than going to a computer class. You will learn all kinds of things through playing games on your computer. Games a _(3)_ get your brain(脑子)to work f
20、ast. When you play games, you have to work out w_(4)_ to do in a very short time. Your brain, eyes and hands must work quickly. It makes you free from schoolwork and helps you e_(5)_ yourself and relax. But wait, youd better not take that as an excuse and play computer games all day. If you sit befo
21、re your computer for a long time, your hands, back and eyes will get h_(6)_. Children shoudnt use a computer for more than 30 minutes w_(7)_ a rest.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Key:1. help 2. fun 3. also 4. what 5. enjoy 6. hurt 7. without 首字母填空小技巧: (1)may后应该跟的是动词原形,通过整句话的意思应填help,而在初中要学到一个词组he
22、lp sb(to)do sth,从而验证此处应填help(2)根据比较连词than,这里应该填的是一个形容词的比较级(be+形容词),而前面有more这个形容词的比较级,后面应该填一个名词,比起去上电脑课他们更有趣些。所以此处填名词fun(3)通过句意与词性判断,这里应该填一个副词,而整句句子意思为游戏也能使你的脑子快速地工作(4)疑问词+不定式的结构,因为do后应跟的是宾语,所以应该用what to do,句意是你不得不在很短的时间内找出做什么(5)词组enjoy oneself,通过and这个表示并列的连词,而后面relax表示and前面也应该有表示娱乐的意义在里面(6)词组get hur
23、t,if这个连词引导的是条件性状语从句,如果你在电脑前坐很长的时间,你的手、背和眼睛会受到伤害,所以此处填hurt(7)从句意进行判断:孩子们不应该用电脑超过30分钟没有休息的情况下,这里应该填without这个介词,表示在没有.例4:Heres a story about Mings life on the waters. Ming has lived all his life on a wide r 1 in China. His home is a large house-boat with a roof, one of hundreds that move up and down. I
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