2022年高中英语状语从句..docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高中英语状语从句仅供老师沟通关于状语从句的总体表达 : 用来修饰谓语动词、 其它动词、 定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从 句；状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.缘由状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；9.结果状语从句；7.比较状语从句；8.方式状语从句；状语从句的时态特点 一般情形下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“ 一般现在时” 表示“ 一般 将来时” ,用“ 现在完成时” 表示“ 将来完成时”；例如：I will call you as soon as I arri

2、ve in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话； （这是由 as soon as引导的时间状语从句, 从句中的谓语动词 将来时,决不行用 will arrive ）arrive 是一般现在时, 表示一般As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作, 就回家；（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时 finished）have finished,表示将来完成时 ,决不行用 will have If he comes back, please let me know.假如他回来了,请通知我； （从句中的谓语动 词用 come

3、s back,表示一般将来时,决不行用 will come back）状语从句讲解和练习状语修饰动词、 形容词、副词或整个句子； 通常由副词、 介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当；例如：1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . 副词 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . 介词状短语 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . 不定

4、式 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . 过去分词 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（缘由状语从句）状语的位置比较敏捷,可以位于句首、句末或句中；enough 用作状语修饰形容名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载词和副词时必需后置；状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语；一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、缘由、目的、结果、条

5、件、让步、比较和方式；尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相像, 所以懂得和把握它并不难； 状语从句的关键是要把握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点；现分别列举如下 : 1 时间状语从句常用引导词： when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly wh

6、en, scarcely when I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard果园 the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get

7、into trouble. 2 地点状语从句常用引导词： where 特殊引导词： wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3 缘由状语从句常用引导词： because, since, as, for considering that, given that. 特殊引导词： seeing that, now that, in that, My friends di

8、slike me because Im handsome a nd successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4 目的状语从句名师归纳总结

9、- - - - - - -第 2 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载常用引导词： so that, in order that 特殊引导词： lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on p

10、urpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5 结果状语从句常用引导词： so that, sothat, such that, 特殊引导词： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It s such a good ch ance that we must not miss it. t sleep last n

11、ight.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn6 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that

12、 there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 7 让步状语从句 常用引导词： though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词：as用在让步状语从句中必需要倒装, while 一般用在句首,no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his prop

13、osal. 尽管我很敬重他,我却不同意他的建议；The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比较状语从句 常用引导词： as同级比较 , than不同程度的比较 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 特殊引导词：the more 学习

14、必备欢迎下载the more ; just as , so ; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,如同油之于机器；9 方式状语从句常用引导词： as, as i

15、f, how 特殊引导词： the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 10. 状语从句的简化 .状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备以下两个条件:主句和从句的主语一样, 或从句主语为 it；从句主要动词是 be的某种形式；从句中的主语和 be动词常可省略；例如：When the museum is completed , the museum will

16、 be open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if it is possible.另外,比较状语从句常常省略；例如：I m taller than he is tall .The higher the temperature is, the greater the pressure is . 就状语从句而言 ,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行 简化 ；状语从句的 简化 现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高；因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的明白；状语从句的 简化 现象常存在

17、于以下五种状语从句中:由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句 ;由 although, though, even if / though 等引导的让步状语从句 ;由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引导的时间状语从句 ;由 as, as if等引导 的方式状语从句 ;由 as, than等引导的比较状语从句； 下面针对这五种情形作一 归纳；1当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是 be 时,it 和 be 要完全简化掉；例如 : 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -

18、 - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载If it is possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 困境；假如可能的话 ,他会帮你摆脱You must attend the meeting unless it is inconvenient to you.除非情形对你来说不 便利 ,否就你必需出席这次会议；2当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一样时,从句可以将主语和be 动词简化掉； 常用于以下几种情形 : a.连词 +形容词 As he was young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车；Wh

19、enever she is free, she often goes shopping. 她有空就去逛商店；Work hard when you are young, or youll regret.少壮不努力 ,老大徒伤悲；b.连词 +名词 While he was a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐 于助人；Although he was a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农夫 ,而现在 是位闻名的导演了；c.连词 +现在分词 As she was walki

20、ng along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边 走边唱着流行歌曲；Although he is doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽 管近来他始终在学数学 ,但他仍旧没有取得好成果；d.连词 +过去分词 He wont go there with us unless he is invited.除非受到邀请 ,否就他不会和我们一 道去那里；The concert was a great success than it was

21、 expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得 了庞大胜利；e.连词 +不定式 He stood up as if he were to say something.当时他站起来似乎要说什么；He wouldnt solve the problem even if he were to take charge.即使他来负责 ,他也解决 不了这个问题；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载f. 连词+介词短语 She looked anxious as though she was in trouble.

22、她看上去很着急 ,似乎遇到了麻 烦；He had mastered the English language before he was in the USA.他到美国之前就 懂英语了；留意 :当从句主语和主句主语不一样时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达；例如 : When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议终止 时,人们都走出了会议室； =The meeting over, 一、时间状语从句 要点 : 时间状语从句,由以下连词引导：when while as after

23、before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句 中,要留意时态一样；一般情形下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时；1.when当.的时候 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. 当莫扎特 4 岁的时候,开头写音乐作品；2.while 当.时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅途中参观了很多地方；3.as在.的同时；一边 .一边. He smiled as he stood up.

24、他一边站起来一边笑着；4.after 在.之后 He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家；5.before 在.之前 Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了；6.as soon as 一.就. We began to work as soon as we got there. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 21 页

25、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载我们一到那就开头工作；I will write to you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你写信；7.since 自；以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前 现在完成时,从句用一般过去时；说话时间 为止的一段连续时间；主句一般用Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. 自格林先生来中国以来,他就在这所学校教书；仍可以用作介词,本句从句仍可以用短语：表示； 8 till /until si

26、nce three years ago自三年前以来 都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语；They walked till /until it was dark. 他们始终走到天黑；Xiao Ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家；9. by the time 到；为止 所在句子的主句应用完成时 By the time he gets there , his father has already gone. 他到家的时候,他爸爸已经走了；By the ti

27、me I got to school, the class had already began. 我到校时,已经开头上课了；时间状语从句（ adverbial clause of time）1.由 when, while, as引导的时间状语从句；例如：When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己 一无所知的时候,你就是在开头知道一些事物了；When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an

28、explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it. 当真理被埋在地下 的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力气,一旦冒出,它名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载就会炸破一切！Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁；Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候, 请你照看一下我的 衣服；Y

29、ou can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动 的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流淌；Our headmaster laughed as she spoke. 我们的校长边谈边笑；when, while 和 as的区分when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是连续性的动词,有时表示“ 就在那时”；例如：又可以是瞬时动词；并且 whenWhen she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭； 瞬时动词 When I lived in the countryside, I used to

30、 carry some water for him. 当我住在农村 时,我常常为他担水； （连续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了；While 引导的从句的谓语动作必需是连续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发 生（或者相对应）；并且 while 有时仍可以表示对比；例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. was reading 是连续 性的动词, was reading和 was watching 同时发生 I like p

31、laying football while you like playing basketball. 我喜爱踢足球,而你喜爱打 篮球；（对比）As 表示“ 一边 一边” ,as引导的动作是连续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句 动作同时发生； as也可以强调“ 一先一后；例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱；（as 表示“ 一边 一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开头下雪了； （as强调句中 两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开头下雪的特定时间）as when while的辨析 as when whi

32、le都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载表示“ 一边；一边的意思as 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时用于发生时间较短时when 1、仍可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作之前 2、whenand then; at that moment 正在那个时候 while 1、用于时间较长时 2、 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时 有时这三个连词可以互换,有时不行以；It was raining hard when as I got there. 或之后发生

33、；我到那里时,正在下大雨； 动作同时发生, when 可换为 as, 但不能换为 while,由于 get 是点动词 . When I had read the article, he called me. 我看完这篇文章之后,她给我打了电话；表达,只能用 when 从句动作发生在主句之前,留意时态When I got to the cinema, the film had begun. 当我到了电影院时,电影已经开演了；when,并要留意时态 从句的动作发生在主句之后,只能用He was about to leave, when the telephone rang. 他刚要离开,突然电话响

34、了； 此时不能放在句首；主句动词一般表达“ 正在”“ 即将”. while, as 不能代替 She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 他以为我在谈她女儿,然而,实际上在谈论我女儿；都不能代替它 表转折,对比, when, asWhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police. 外星人买纪念品时,那女孩给警察打了电话；表示主句,从句的动作同时发生,while 后引导的

35、状语从句的动词必需是连续动词不能是点动词,由于它表示较长名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载时间 Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as when/ while father was away. 妈妈担忧,由于小爱丽丝病了, 特殊是他父亲不在家的时候； 此时 as ,when, while 可通用 2.由 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句；留意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语, 并且当

36、before 引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“ 就,才”；仍要留意主句和从句之间的时间关系；当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时； 假如 before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,就主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便表达动作发生的先后；从句动作之后； 主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 如：After 表示主句动作发生在 before 引导的从句相反； 例It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来；Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到 我；My fa

37、ther had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去 加拿大了；They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚仍不到 四个月就离婚了；After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你认真考虑过以后,告 诉我你是怎样打算的；After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了； （从句 用过

38、去完成时,主句用一般过去时）3.由 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句；till 和 until 一般情形下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用 until ；并且要留意的是：假如主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必需用否定形式； 假如主句中的谓语动词是连续性动词时,用确定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同；例如：I didnt go to bed until（till ） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉；It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散

39、会之名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载后他才开头教我英语；I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止；I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开头工作；Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我；4.由 since引导的时间状语从句；since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是连续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词；一般情 况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时；但在 It is 时间 s

40、ince从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时；例如：I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我始终在北京了；Where have you been since I last saw you. 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去 了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了；It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了；学问扩展1. It is since 从；以来多长时间了 由于 si

41、nce +从句或名词,表示一段时间 It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了；2. It is +before ；才 It was a long time before I went to sleep again. It was an hour beforeuntil the police arrived. 过了很长时间我才睡着；过了一个小时,警察才来；5.由 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导

42、的时间状语从句；这些连词都表示“ 一 就”；例如：I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立刻到那里去；The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,立刻赶到了出 事地点；As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话；【留意】 hardlyscarcely, rarely when / before, no sooner than 相当于 as soon as之意；主

43、句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时；当 sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序；例如：hardly, scarcely, rarely 和 no 名师归纳总结 He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到第 11 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载家,就被邀请开头另一旅程；No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got ou

44、t of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了；Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了；He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder. 这个阿拉伯人刚 要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触；6.由 by the time 引导的时间状语从句；留意时态的变化： 在一般情形下, 假如从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓 语动词用过去完成时； 假如主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将 来完成时；例如

45、：By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书 了；你明天来这儿 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 的时候,我将已经完成此工作了；7.由 each time, every time和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句；例如：Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我；Whenever that man says“ To tell the truth” , I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当 那个人说“ 说实在话” 的时候,我猜想