2022年人教版化学九年级上册3.2《原子的结构》word导学案 .pdf

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1、名师精编优秀教案3.2 原子的结构（第 2 课时）一、学习目标1.知道原子核外的电子是分层排布的，知道原子结构的表示方法，会画1-18 号元素的原子结构示意图。2.知道离子的形成过程，会用离子符号正确的表示离子。二、课前预习1、原子核外电子的排布特点是：第一层最多排_个电子，第二层最多排_个电子，最外层最多排_个电子。元素的性质与原子的_数关系密切。2、带电的 _或_叫离子。带正电的离子叫_ _，带负电的离子叫_ _。三、课内探究知识点 1：核外电子排布【阅读】课本 P54 页内容，完成下面问题：1.原子的核外电子是排布的，元素的原子核外电子最少只有，最多有，最外层电子不超过（只有一层的，电子

2、不超过）2.原子结构示意图各部分表示的含义：氧原子的结构示意图知识点 2：离子的形成【阅读】课本 P55 页内容，完成下面问题：a.微粒的电子排布如果最外层有个电子（氦为个电子），这样的结构叫做结构。表示：表示：表示：表示：名师精编优秀教案b.钠、镁、铝等金属原子最外层电子一般，在化学反应中易；氯、氧、硫、磷等非金属原子的最外层电子一般都易，这样就都趋于达到相对稳定结构。c.原子得到电子或失去电子后，原本对外不显电性变成整体带上电荷，我们把带电的原子叫做，带正电的原子叫，带负电的原子叫。d.构成物质的粒子，除了和，还有，例如。探究 2：1.对照课本P54 页各原子示意图，讨论元素性质与元素最外

3、层电子数的关系（带“金”字旁的都是金属）元素分布最外层电子数得失电子化学性质稀有气体元素8 个（氦为个）不易得失电子稳定金属元素一般为4 个易电子_ 非金属元素一般为4 个易电子_ 化学反应中，钠原子易失去最外层电子，形成带个单位的，氯原子易得到电子，形成带个单位的。阴阳离子由于静电作用而形成不带电性的氯化钠。钠原子的结构示意图为：钠离子的结构示意图为：氯原子的结构示意图为：氯离子的结构示意图为：请写出钠离子的符号：请说出它的含义（提示：见书P55 注解 1）请写出氯离子的符号：请说出它的含义小结：原子得失电子后形成离子，阴阳离子结合构成物质，离子也是构成物质的微粒。文档编码:CO4H7M8J

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11、粒子是；（6）带负电的粒子是；（7）不带电的粒子是；（8）质量与氢原子质量近似相等的粒子是；（9）质量最小的的是；（10）在同一原子中数目相等的是。4.在下列示意图表示的粒子中，属于原子的有（填序号，下同），属于阳离子的有，属于阴离子的有_,属于同种元素的为。5.道尔顿的原子学说对化学的发展起到了十分重要的作用。它的原子学说中，包括以下三个论点：原子是不能再分的粒子；同种元素的原子的各种化学性质和质量都相同；原子是微小的实心球体。而现代科学实验证明，同种元素的原子内部有相同的质子数和不一定相同的中子数。从现代的观点来看，你认为道尔顿的三个论断中，不确切的是（填序号）。五、课后反思1、我的收获：

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