2022年人教版高中历史必修1知识点总结推荐word范文 .pdf
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1、.人教版高中历史必修1 知识点总结第一单元古代中国的政治制度一、分封制(政治的目的:巩固政权)内容:分封对象王族、功臣、先代的贵族受封者义务服从周王的命令、镇守疆土、随从作战、交纳贡赋、朝觐述职受封者权利职位世袭、设置官员、建立武装、征派赋役。作用:加强了周天子对地方的管辖。扩大了统治区域,开发了边远地区形成对周王室众星捧月一般的政治格局周成为一个延续数百年的强国。但诸侯国有相当大的独立性,埋下分裂割据的隐患。特点:周天子是诸侯的共同主子,诸侯是周王的臣属。意义:加强统治,巩固王权二、宗法制(嫡长子继承制)定义:宗法制是依据父系血缘关系的亲疏来维系政治等级、巩固统治的一种社会制度。宗法制与分封
2、制的关系:分封制和宗法制是西周政治制度的两大支柱,互为表里。影响:宗法制保证了贵族在政治上的垄断和特权地位,也有利于统治.集团内部的稳定和团结。中国早期政治制度特点:以宗法制为核心,带有浓厚的部族色彩。注释:1、夏是我国历史上第一个王朝,我国的早期国家政治制度始于:夏2、王位世袭制的确立,是我国原始社会过渡到奴隶社会的重要标志三、秦的统一:公元前 221 年,秦灭六国,秦王嬴政建立了中国历史上第一个统一的、封建专制主义中央集权的国家秦朝。四、秦朝专制主义中央集权政治制度的形成(重点、难点)内容:建立“皇帝”称号,确立皇帝制度(皇帝独尊、皇权至上、皇位世袭)。皇帝制度的核心内容:皇权至上、皇帝独
3、裁,从中央到地方的主要官吏由皇帝任免。设置三公九卿中央官制:丞相帮助皇帝处理全国政事;御史大夫监察百官;太尉负责全国军务。在地方推行郡县制:郡的长官是郡守,县的长官称县令或县长,均由皇帝直接任免。郡是秦朝中央政府辖下的地方最高一级行政单位。废除分封制,实行郡县制,是建立中央集权制度的根本性变革。影响:(1)对秦朝的影响:有利于封建经济文化的发展;初步奠定祖国疆域,巩固国家的统一文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ
4、8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10
5、R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:C
6、J2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6
7、N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF
8、7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E
9、7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H
10、7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3.形成以华夏族为主体的中华民族。建立了地主阶级对广大人民的专制统治,加强对人民的压榨,秦朝的暴政造成人民处境的恶化,阶级矛盾激化。(2)对后世的影响:秦朝建立的中央集权专制统治的政治制度具有很大的
11、开创性,它奠定了中国两千多年封建政治制度的基本格局,对中华民族的形成起了重要的作用。为历代封建王朝所沿用,且不断加强与完善。五、秦朝巩固统一的措施:“车同轨,书同文”颁布秦律、统一法令;统一货币、度量衡;统一文字;修建驰道、灵渠;修筑万里长城;组织移民。注释:1、秦朝是中国历史上第一个统一的、中央集权的封建国家。2、秦朝中央官僚机构的特点:1)以皇权为中心的中央行政体制2)充分体现出“家天下”的特点。(封建时代的统治特点国与家同治)3、秦朝灭亡的原因是秦的暴政。六、汉武帝加强中央集权背景:汉初郡国并行,出现王国问题 措施:汉景帝平定“七国之乱”;文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B
12、2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R1
13、0H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2
14、A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3
15、文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y
16、10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z
17、9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7
18、HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3.汉武帝实行推恩令作用:
19、解决了王国问题,加强中央集权,巩固和发展了大一统局面。唐末至五代出现了藩镇割据局面七、唐实行三省六部制唐朝中央设中书省、门下省和尚书省,分别负责决策、审议和执行。三省的长官都是宰相,分散了相权。尚书省下设吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部,确立并完善了三省六部的管理体制。八、宋初中央集权的强化措施:军事上:杯酒释兵权,解除朝中大将和地方节度使的兵权;加强禁军、强干弱枝。行政上:派文臣任地方长官;设通判负责监督。经济上:地方赋税一小部分作为地方开支,其余全部由中央掌控。影响:加强了中央对地方的控制,消除了藩镇割据现象。造成三冗(官兵费),埋下了“积贫积弱”的祸根。九、元朝实行行省制度背景:疆域空前扩大概
20、况:中央设中书省;地方设十个行省和宣政院辖区意义:加强了对全国的管辖;加强了中央集权,巩固了统一。是中国行省制的开端,对后世影响深远。十、选官、用官制度的变化文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文
21、档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y1
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23、Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 HQ8B2E7Z9Q3 ZF7Y10T3A6N3文档编码:CJ2A10F10R10H7 H
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