2022年英语定语从句的翻译技巧.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载定语从句的翻译英语中, 定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种；其所修饰的先行词后面；他们在英语中的位置一般是在限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱；而汉语中定语作 为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面,并且没有限制意义的强弱之分,因此, 限制与非限制在 翻译中并不起特别重要的作用；英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句,而汉语中修饰语就不宜臃肿；所以, 在翻译定语从句时,肯定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯；从结构上分析,常见的定语从句翻译方法：一、前置法： 把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面,可以用“ 的” 来连接；既然定

2、语从句的意义是作定语修饰语,所以在翻译的时候,通常把较短的定语从句译成带“ 的” 的前置定语,翻译在定语从句的先行词前面；He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜；Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探究的新领域；His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力

3、的笑声打破了沉静； Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜爱在这工作的主要缘由；二、后置法 ：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句；英语的英语从句结构经常比较复杂,假如翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话,会显得定语太臃肿,而无法表达清晰；这时,可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面,译成并列分句；翻译 时可以用两种方法来处理：（一）重复先行词 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分,假如单独把定语从句翻译出来 的话,经常需要重复先

4、行词,仍可以用代词代替先行词来重复；China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996. 中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议,障碍；而农业问题自一九九六年起就是两国关系进展的主要We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encourage

5、d. 在我们对特殊委员会表示中意,特殊委员会的工作应当受到勉励；You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect. 你们的先辈在天文学争论方面取得了初步的胜利,就；而你们现在就在这一方面获得了更大的成Although he is a green hand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning succe

6、ss in the field. 他虽然体会不足,但很有进取心和制造力,而这正是在这一领域获得胜利的关键；（二）省略先行词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载假如把定语从句翻译在先行词后面,在“ 通顺、完整” 的前提下,有时候可以不用重复先行词；It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信,说你的叔叔去世了；They worked out a new method by which pr

7、oduction has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案,采纳之后生产已快速得到提高；After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后,四个主要谈判人物连续进行会谈,始终谈到深夜；They worked out a new method by which efficiency has now been dramatically improved. 他们制订出一种新方案,采纳之后工作效率大大提高；三、融

8、合法： 把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译；融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简洁句,其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分； 由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密,所以, 融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句；A 定语从句的主句里有“there be”、“to be”等动词时,可以把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起,译成简洁句；例如：There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你；（原句中的主句部分 成句子的谓语部分；）there is a man 翻译成“ 有人” ,然后将定语从句译There are some stude

9、nts in the class who dislike studying. 在班上总有一些同学不爱学习；This is the very knife which he used to murder the victim. 他就是用这把刀谋杀了受害人；This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Gravity. 就在这期间,牛顿开头了一项争论；经过这项争论,他创立了闻名的重力理论；B 定语从句的动词在整个复合句中重量较重,可将其

10、主句压缩成词组译作主语,而把定语从句的动词译作其谓语；例如：He had great success in football which made him an idol in the eyes of every football player. 他在足球领域取得的成就使他成为每一个足球运动员的偶像；四、分译法： 分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法,从句里；主要用于较长的非限制性定语采纳这种方法可防止句子的冗长和累赘；有些定语从句在修饰关系上与先行词之间关系显得较为疏远,这时,我们通常会将定语从句译成独立的句子；One was a violent thunderstorm, the wo

11、rst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实在是我平生所鲜见的；这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标；Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载accurate. 不过问题仍是圆满地解决了,这说明运算是很精确的；从定语从句的性质和功能分析,翻译方法：A表缘由

12、The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from. 经理只宴请了几个人,由于他特殊想和这些人谈谈,听听他们的看法；No one in the company likes their boss, who is stingy and bad-tempered. 公司里没人喜爱他们的老板,由于他脾气急躁、人又小气；B 表结果 The two countries established formal diplomatic relation, whic

13、h paved the way for the further communication. 两国正式建立了外交关系,从而为双方进一步的沟通铺平了道路；They quarreled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce. 他们夫妻二人每天吵架,最终导致离婚；C 表让步He insisted on buying another car, which he actually didnt need.他坚持要再买一辆车,尽管他并不需要；My father, who thought it might not work, supporte

14、d me. 尽管父亲认为这个方法可能不会起作用,但仍是支持我；D 表目的 This company, which wants to get their new product sold well in the market, is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship. 为了使新产品在市场热销,这个公司正在全力改进工艺和外包装；E 表转折 She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is. 她特别和善,爱护,而她妹妹却从不这样；To succe

15、ed in this area, one needs profound knowledge and experience, which few has. 要想在这一领域取得胜利,需要渊博的学问及丰富的体会,而很少有人能具备这两点；F 表条件或假设 A new product which has beautiful packing, good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market 一种新产品,只要包装精致,质量过硬,宣扬得力,就能在市场中热销；Any one who works hard and never give

16、s up will succeed. 任何人,只要努力工作永不舍弃,就能够胜利；独立主格结构主要用于描画性文字中,其作用相当于一个 缘由、条件、行为方式或相伴情形等；例如：表示时间状语从句 ,常用来表示时间、The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了；Her work done , she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载表示条件The conditio

17、n being favourable , he may succeed. 如条件有利,他或许能胜利；表示缘由There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行；He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty . 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的；表示相伴情形Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all . 几乎全部的金属都是良导体,而银就是最好的导体；=Almost a

18、ll metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all. 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词 发生的时间、 缘由、 条件或相伴情形等,相当于一个 状语从句 或并列句 ；用作时间状语了；The work done =After the work had been done, we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家用作条件状语 Weather permitting =If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 假如天气答应的话,他们将

19、在明天组织一次海边小游；用作缘由状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow =As an important lecture will be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. 由于明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬 夜到很晚；用作相伴状语 He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head=and his hands were crossed under his head.他躺在草地

20、上,将两手交叉枕在脑后；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载用作补充说明活；We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two . 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或缘由时,相当于一个 状语从句 ,一般放在句首,表示缘由时仍可放在句末；表相伴状况或补充说明时,相当于一个 并列句 ,通常放于句末；一般独立主格形式与主句规律关系松散形式为 : n. + -ed/-ing 形式 ; n. +不定式 ; n. +介词短语 ; n

21、. +形容词 ; n. +副词 ; 名词 /主格代词 +现在分词名词 /主格 代词 与现在分词 之间是主动关系；如：The girl staring at him = As the girl stared at him, he didnt know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好；Time permitting = If time permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow. 假如时间答应的话,我们明天去郊游；名词 /主格代词 +过去分词名词 /主格 代词 与过去分词之间是被动关系；如：The problems solved

22、= As the problems were solved, the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了；Her glasses broken = Because her glasses were broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字；名词 /主格代词 +不定式名词 /主格 代词 与不定式之间是主动关系,且强调的是一次详细性的动作；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

23、学习必备 欢迎下载如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help . 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型；They said good-bye to each other,one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore . 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店；名词 /主格代词 +形容词如：An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive . 那架飞机遭受了空难,无一人生仍；So many people absent,

24、the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消；名词 /主格代词 +副词如：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out . 他把毛衣穿反了；The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一终止,他们就都回家了；名词 /主格代词 +介词短语如：The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand . 那男孩手里拿着书去教室；Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door .玛丽 靠近

25、 火炉 坐着,背对着门；名词 /主格代词 +名词His first shot failure ,he fired again他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪；Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故,其中有很多儿童；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - with 引导的独立主格学习必备欢迎下载:与主句规律关系紧密形式为 : with + n. + -ed/-ing形式 ; with + n. +adj.; with +n.

26、 +介词短语with without+ 宾语（名词 /代词） +宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词肯定要用宾格；上文的独立主格结构的几种情形都适用于此结构；The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里；（without + 名词 /代词 +动词的 -ing 形式）Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室；（without+ 名词 /代词 +动词的 -ed 形式）The kid

27、feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很兴奋；（with+ 名词 /代词 +动词不定式）The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前,小孩在后走着；（with+ 名词 /代词 +副词）He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑；（with+ 名词 /代词 +介词短语）With

28、 his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人扫兴,老人感到很不欢乐；（with+ 名词 /代词 +形容词）在 with without 的复合结构中,多数情形下with 能省略,但without 不能省略；- each 引导的强调型独立主格: 形式为 :句子 +复数名词 结尾 , each +介词短语 /形容词 短语 /名词短语 /-ing 形式 /-ed 形式这种独立主格结构为了 强调句 尾的 复数名词如: Under the restructuring, the huge organization that op

29、erates the companys basic businesses will be divided into five groups, Page38）each with its own executive .（题源 : GMAT 语法全解 白勇 著,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载-There being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do , we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了；There being no further business , I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要争论的事了,我宣 布散会；-It being + 名词（代词 It being Christmas , the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故, 政府机关都休 息；It being a holiday , all the shops were shut. 由于今日是 假日 ,全部商店都关门了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页