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1、1 中考物理归纳一、公式1、速度公式:v=ts,v-速度-m/s,s-路程米,t-时间秒,1m/s=3.6km/h 2、密度公式:=vm-密度-kg/m3,m-质量 kg ,v-体积-m31g/cm3=1000kg/m33、压强定义式:p=SF p压强 pa,F 压力 N,s受力面积-m2 水平面上压力 F=G=mg 4、计算浮力的公式:称量法:F浮=G F,浮力等于重力减示数阿基米德法:F浮=G排=液gV排浮力=排开液体的重力=液体的密度9.8 排开的体积平衡法:F浮=G物,展开液Vg排=物Vg物G物-物体的重力-N 5、杠杆平衡条件:F动L动=F阻L阻动力动力臂=阻力阻力臂6、动滑轮绳子自
2、由端动力大小的计算公式(不计绳重和摩擦):F=21(G动+G物)F 拉力牛(N),G物-物体的重力-N G物动滑轮的重力距离 s=nh=2h,h高m,s 距离-m 7、滑轮组绳子自由端动力大小的计算公式(不计绳重和摩擦):F=n1(G动+G物)。式中 n 是承担重物的绳子段数;距离 s=nh,h高,s 距离,n段数 F 拉力 G重力8、功的计算公式:W F s=Pt ,功等于力乘以在力的方向上通过的距离9、机械效率的定义式:W有=Gh,W总=FS,W总=W有+W额,W总=Pt,W总=W有/机械效率10、功率的定义式:P tW=FV,11、物体吸热或放热的计算公式:Q吸=cm(t to)=cm
3、t,Q热量-J(焦耳)c比热容-J/kg,m 质量,t 高的一个温度,t0低温度,t 温度的变化12、完全燃烧放出热量的公式:Q=m.q q 热值 J/kg,m 质量13、欧姆定律:RUI动总有用GGGWW2 12212121221RRQQWWPPRRII114、串联:I1=I2=I总串联电路中各处电流相等。U=U1+U2 串联电路中总电压等于各部分电压之和 R=R1+R2 串联电路中总电阻等于各电阻之和串联电路中,电压之比、电功率之比、电能之比、电热之比都相等,都等于电阻之比,即与电阻成正比。15、并联:I总=I1+I2 并联电路中干路电流等于各支路电流之和 U总=U1=U2 并联电路中,总
4、电压、各支路两端的电压都相等。并联电路中,电流之比、电功率之比、电能之比、电热之比相等,都与电阻成反比16、电功:电能表转数化度数:W=Nn(kwh)P=tw 1kw.h=3.6106J n转数N表上转数17、电功率、电功、电热电功率 P 电能 W 电热 Q(焦耳定律)P=tw(一切)W=pt(一切)Q=pt P=UI (一切)W=UIt(一切)Q=UIt P=I2R W=I2Rt Q=I2Rt(一切)RUP2tRUw2tRUQ2P-电功率-瓦特(w)W-电能电功-焦耳(J)Q-电热-焦耳(J)I-电流-安培(A)U-电压-伏特(v)R-电阻-欧姆()t-时间-秒(s)换算:1KW.h=1度电
5、=3.6 106J,1kw=1000w,1kv=1000v 1v=1000mv=106uv 1A=1000mA=106UA,1M=1000K=1000000 1h=60min=3600s 18、电磁波的波速c=f 波速等于波长乘以频率f-频率-赫兹(HZ)真空、空气中的波速为3108m/s 波长的单位用米212121212121RRQQWWPPRRUU文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3
6、E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2
7、B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5
8、HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H
9、10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编
10、码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X
11、6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5
12、 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N33 二、记住常量1.真空中的光速(也适用于空气)C=3108m/s 2.水的密度=1.0 103kg/m3=1.0g/cm3 3.照明电压 220V 4.一节干电池电压1.5V 5.安全电压:不高于36V 6.电磁波在真空
13、(或空气)中的速度:C=3108m/s 7.一标准大气压下,水的沸点是1000C 8.估算值:人的体重约500N,人走路时的速度约5km/h,人对在面的压强约 104Pa ,一层楼高约3m,人的功率约100w 三、会使用的仪器(请查阅课本反复巩固)1.刻度尺的读数,要有估计值2.秒表的读数3.弹簧测力计的读数4.温度的的使用和读数5.电流表和电压表的使用和读数6.天平的使用和读数7.滑动变阻器的使用四、重要物理规律1.声音的响度与声源的振动幅度有关,声音的音调与声源的振动频率有关,音色反映了声音的品质,现音调和响度无关。人的听觉范围在2020000HZ。2.“白气”、露、雾、“出汗”现象都是空
14、气中的水蒸气遇冷液化而成的小水珠。熔化、汽化、升华要吸热,凝固、液化、凝华要放热。3.小孔成像是利用光的直线传播现象,成的是倒立的实像。4.平面镜成像规律:平面镜成的是虚像,像与物的大小相等,像到镜的距离与物到镜的距离相等,像与物的连线与镜面垂直。5.光的折射规律:折射光线、入射光线和法线在同一平面内,折射光线和入射光线分别位于法线的两侧,当光从空气斜射入水或玻璃时,折射角小于入射角,当光从玻璃或水斜射入空气时,折射角大于入射角,当光一种物质垂直进入另一种物质时,传播方向不变。6.凸透镜对光有会聚作用,凹透镜对光有发散作用,近视眼镜是凹透镜,远视眼镜是凸透镜。7.凸透镜成像规律:当u2f 时,
15、成倒立、缩小的实像,应用照相机;当fu2f时,成倒立、放大的实像,应用投影仪:当uf 时,成正立放大的虚像,应用放大镜。8.物质是由分子组成的,原子是由原子核和核外电子组成的,电子带负电,原子核是由质子和中子组成的,质子带正电,中子不带电,原子结构是由卢瑟福提出的核式结文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 Z
16、V3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9
17、Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S
18、5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F
19、9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文
20、档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E1
21、0X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9
22、G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N34 构。9.决定滑动摩擦力大小的因数:滑动摩擦力的大小与压力和接触面的粗糙程度有关。压力越大,接触面越粗糙,滑动摩擦力越大10.物体平衡的条件:二力平衡的条件:同体、等值、反向、共线。物体受平衡力作用保持静止或匀速直线运动。11.压强的大小与压力和受力面积有关,增大压力或减小受力面积可以大增大压强,减小压
23、力或增大受力面积可减小压强。12.液体内部压强规律:液体内部向着各个方向都有压强,压强随着深度的增加而增大,在同一深度,液体向着各个方向的压强相等,在同一深度,液体的密度越大,压强越大。13.流体与流速的关系:液体的流速越大,压强越小,飞机就是利用这个原理制成的。14.物体的浮沉条件:浸没在液体中的物体,若受到的浮力小于物体的重力,物体就下沉;若浮力大于重力,物体就上浮力,结果漂浮在液面上,浮力等于重力;若浮力等于重力,物体就悬浮。15.决定动能的因数:动能大小与物体的速度和质量有关,速度越大,质量越大,动能越大16.决定重力势能的因数:重力势能与物体的高度与质量有关,物体被举得越高,质量越大
24、,重力势能就越大17.内能:一切物体都有内能,温度升高,内能增加,温度降低,内能减小;做功和热传递都可以改变物体的内能。18.汽油机的一个工作循环由吸气、压缩、做功、排气四个冲程,完成一个工作循环,曲轴旋转两周活塞往复2 次,做一次功;压缩冲程是机械能转化成内能,做功冲程是内能转化成机械能。19.决定导体电阻的因数:导体的电阻与导体的长度、横截面积和材料有关,还与导体的温度有关。20.安全用电:(1)三线插座的连接:左零右火中接地;(2)开关和用电器串联,开关接在火线上,(3)熔断丝不能用铜丝来代替;(4)测电笔的使用,手要接触笔金属体,不能接触笔尖金属体,氖管发光的是火线,不发光的是零线。2
25、1.磁场对电流有力的作用,力的方向与电流方向和磁场方向有关,电机机就是作用通电导线在磁场中受到力的作用的原理制成的,电动机是电能转化成机械能。22.感应电流的方向与切割磁感线运动方向和磁场方向有关,发电机是利用电磁感应现象的原理制成的,发电机是机械能转化成电能。23.奥斯特发现电流产生磁场,法拉第发现电磁感应现象,即磁生电24.太阳能、风能、水能等是可再生能原,煤、石油、天然气是不可再生能源;电能、煤气是二次能源,其它都是一次能源。文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10
26、X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G
27、5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ1
28、0W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V
29、10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:C
30、P7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6
31、N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3文档编码:CP7F9H10V10S5 HZ10W9Z2B9G5 ZV3E10X6U6N3
限制150内