2022年原子的构成教学知识点 .pdf

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1、名师整理精华知识点第四单元物质构成的奥秘课题 1 原子的构成一、教学目标知识与技能了解原子是由质子、中子和电子构成的；了解原子的实际质量和相对原子质量的意义，并会查相对原子质量表。过程与方法通过数据信息的分析比较，对获取的信息进行加工处理，提炼规律。情感态度与价值观初步建立“世界是物质的、物质是可分的”的辩证唯物主义认识观；对学生进行爱国主义思想教育。通过原子构成的认识，培养学生空间想象能力和抽象思维能力。二、教学重点、难点重点：原子的内部结构、相对原子质量难点：对“原子不显电性”的理解三、教学模式:探究式四、教学过程教师活动学生活动设计意图名师整理精华知识点引入 同学们，我们已经知道物质是由

2、分子、原子构成的，原子是很小的，那么请你们想象一下：一个原子和一个乒乓球放在一起的情景是怎样的？讲解 那就相当于乒乓球和地球体积之比。投影 教材 P69 图 4-2 展开想象，并将想象的结果相互交流借身边的事物进行类比，引导学生从熟悉的宏观世界步入充满神秘色彩的微观世界，激起无穷的想象。提问 原子那么小，还能不能再分？投影 原子结构的发现史。可见，原子内部还有更小的粒子。那么，原子的结构究竟怎样呢？发表意见设疑引起思考，通过对科学史的了解，体会严谨的科学态度板书 一、原子的构成观察 P68 原子构成示意图介绍：原子核（质子、中子）和电子认识原子的各部分结构调动学生的形象思维，提高想象能力我们知

3、道原子、分子在不断运动着。那么，能否想象一下：构成原子的原子核和电子是如何运动的？观察 教材 P68 页表 4-1，概括一下原子的结构（提示：可从位置、电性、数量、所占体积等不同角度描述）自由想象归纳 原子是由居于原子中心的带正电的原子核和核外带负电的电子构成的让学生学会运用归纳、概括等方法对获取的信息进行加工，培养表达能力文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9

4、Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4

5、H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z

6、7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5

7、W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5

8、I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P

9、7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3

10、R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7名师整理精华知识点投影 教材 P68 页表 4-1，表 4-2，思考并回答下列问题：1、构成原子的三种粒子的电性、质量如何？2、原子中有带电的粒子，那么整个原子是否带电，为什么？3、是不是所有的原子核内都有中子？4、同种原子核内的质子数和中子数有何特点？5、不同种类原子内部结构有何不同？分组讨论查表交流从问题入手，让学生在讨论与交流中相互启迪，获得新知，形成良好的学习习惯和方法，丛中培养学生的合作意识通过以上的学习，你们对原子的结构了解多少？小结后板书：质子（+）原子核原子（中心）中子不带电核外电子（-）核电荷数=核内质子数=核外电

11、子数学生小结学习运用文字、图表或化学语言表述有关信息文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H

12、9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7

13、文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W

14、9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I

15、4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7

16、Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R

17、5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7名师整理精华知识点投影 附表 1：原子种类原子质量氢1.670*10-27氧2.657*10-26碳1.993*10-26铁9.288*10-26由于原子的质量数值太小，书写使用都不方便，故采用相对原子质量。观察

18、表格“让事实说话”通过列举数字，让学生真切体会到原子质量书写、使用时的不便，从而更能理解原子质量的表示方法相对原子质量。那什么叫相对原子质量呢？提问 哪位同学能用一个简洁的式子表示原子的实际质量与相对原子质量的关系集体朗读某原子质量1/12 碳-12 原子的质量从中我们可以知道：相对原子质量是一个比值运用这个式子，我们不妨来算一下上附表 1 中四种原子的相对原子质量学生练习计算学以致用加深对概念的理解文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8

19、 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9

20、 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文

21、档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9

22、Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4

23、H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z

24、7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5

25、W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7名师整理精华知识点投影 附表 1 原子种类质子数中子数核 外电 子数相 对原 子质量氢1 0 1 1 碳6 6 6 12 氧8 8 8 16 钠11 12 11 23 氯17 18 17 35 铁26 30 26 56 你们有没有发现：各原子相对原子质量的近似值，与该原子的质子数、中子数有何关系。观察后找出规律：相对原子质量=质子数+中子数通过对数据的观察与分析，找出规律，拓展思维，便于运用板书设计课题 1 原子的构成1原子质子（+）原子核不同的原子，原子

26、核内的质子数不同文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:

27、CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 H

28、S10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 Z

29、C1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编

30、码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8

31、 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9

32、 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7名师整理精华知识点原子（中心）中子不带电核外电子（-）核电荷数=核内质子数=核外电子数2相对原子质量以碳-12 原子的质量的1/12 为标准，其它原子的质量跟它相比所得的比相对原子质量=质子数+中子数教学反思：课题 1 原子的构成一、教学目标1知识

33、与技能(1)了解原子是由质子、中子和电子构成的。(2)初步了解相对原子质量的概念，并会查相对原子质量表。(3)进行世界的物质性、物质的可分性的辩证唯物主义观点教育。2过程与方法(1)充分发挥学生的空间想象力。(2)学习运用对比、归纳的方法在微观世界和宏观世界之间架起一座桥梁。(3)运用形象恰当的比喻减少学生对微观世界的神秘感。3情感态度与价值观(1)对学生进行世界的物质性、物质的可分性的辩证唯物主义观点教育。(2)逐步提高抽象思维的能力、想象力和分析、推理能力。二、教学重点：原子的构成；相对原子质量。三、教学难点：核电荷数、核内质子数和核外电子数的关系；相对原子质量概念的形成。四、课时安排 1

34、 课时教学过程引入新课 在本单元我们将进一步探索物质构成的奥秘。本节课我们首先探索原子的构成。板书 第四单元物质构成的奥秘课题 1 原子的构成过渡 原子到底能不能分?如果能分，它又是由哪些部分构成的呢?带着这些问题，我教学拓展文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4

35、X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I

36、9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2

37、R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10

38、H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V

39、5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:C

40、K2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7名师整理精华知识点们来学习本课题的第一

41、个问题原子的构成。板书 一、原子的构成学生活动 让学生阅读课本P68 内容原子的构成，在阅读的基础上讨论问题。投影 打出下列讨论题：1原子是由哪两部分构成的?2原子核和核外电子都带电，为什么整个原子不显电性?3原子核是由哪些粒子构成的?这些粒子有什么异同?4不同类原子的内部构成有什么不同?学生讨论结束后，找学生代表陈述讨论结果，其他小组可以表明自己的不同意见 问题 1 的答案 原子由居于原子中心的带正电的原子核和核外带负电的电子构成的，所以说原子由原子核和核外电子两部分构成。思考 原子核居于原子中心，它在原子中的体积如何?占很大一部分吗?答案 原子核居于原子中心，但比原子小得多，原子核的半径只

42、有原子半径的几万分之一，如果把原子比作一个庞大的体育场，而原子核只相当于一只蚂蚁。因此，原子里有很大的空间，电子就在这个空间里做高速运动。过渡 刚才说的这些都比较抽象，接下来我们看“原子的构成”挂图，看一下原子核在原子中到底能占多大。挂图 展示“原子的构成”示意图。学生观看挂图，说出自己从挂图上得到的有关信息 学生陈述自己得到的有关信息 思考 1原子核所带的正电荷从何而来?2质子数与原子核所带的正电荷有何关系?3电子数与原子核所带的正电荷有何关系?核电荷数=核内质子数核外电子数。回答 因为原子由原子核和核外电子两部分构成，原子核又分为质子和中子，所以原子的质量应等于质子质量、中子质量、核外电子

43、质量之和。讲解 不同的原子所含的质子、中子、电子数目不同，所以它们的质量也不同，比如1个氢原子的质量为16710-27 kg，1 个氧原子的质量为265710-26 kg。讲解 这样小的数字，无论书写、记忆、还是使用都极不方便，就像用吨作单位来表示一粒稻谷或小麦的质量一样。我们可选用一种跟原子质量相近的“砝码”来表示原子的质量，这就是相对原子质量。板书 二、相对原子质量文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC

44、1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码

45、:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8

46、HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9

47、ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档

48、编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z

49、8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H

50、9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7名师整理精华知识点提问 什么叫相对原子质量呢?它是如何来表示原子的质量的?请大家带着问题阅读P69 相对原子质量一段内容。1 个氢原子的质量为167 10-27 kg，作为标准碳原子质量的112 为166 10-27 kg，所以氢的相对原子质量=1。1 个氧原子的质量为265710-26 kg。所以氧的相对原子质量=16。经过这样的计算得到的数字都比较简单，便于书写、记忆和计算，对于这个计算过程大家要掌握。文档编码:CK2R3R5W9Z8 HS10H4X5I4H9 ZC1V5I9P7Z7